Overview of High Density Recording - THIC · National Storage Industry Consortium Page 1 Presented...

National Storage Industry Consortium

Presented at the THIC Meeting at theDoubleTree Hotel

Del Mar, CA 92130-2539on January 18, 2000

Overview of High Density RecordingProjects at NSIC

Sharon D. Rotter

National Storage Industry Consortium3655 Ruffin Road, Suite 335 - San Diego, CA 92123-1833

Phone:+1-858-279-8017 FAX: +1-858-279-8591E-mail: [email protected]

nsic.srotter.000118.ppt© NSIC 2000


Outline

• Background and early history

• NSIC today

• Relations with

� Universities

� Government

� Industry

• Research Program Evolution

• Future Vision


NSIC

Incorporated: April 1991

Mission:

Increase the Worldwide Competitiveness

of the U.S. Information Storage Industry

Strategic Elements:• Conduct Joint Research on High-Risk Pre-Competitive

Storage Technologies• Develop Technology Roadmaps

• Maximize Value of University Research

• Obtain Government Funding For Research

• Speak for the Industry


Storage Industry Supports Many Associations

• IDEMA • iDWA • IRMA • NSIC • OIDA • OSTA • QIC • RAB • SNIA • THIC • USODMA

Only NSIC Does Technology Research


Examples of U.S. R&D Consortia

1997

Employees $M Budget

American Water Works Association 36 14.7Research Foundation (AWWARF)

Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI) 800 454.9

Gas Research Institute (GRI) 192 23.3

Microelectronics and Computer 135 23.0Technology Corporation (MCC)

National Center for Manufacturing 60 12.9Sciences (NCMS)

National Storage Industry Consortium (NSIC) 7 0.8

Ohio Aerospace Institute (OAI) 35 4.6

Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) 41 5.4


NSIC Joint Research Model

�� Primarily Technology Development �� Some User and Supplier Involvement

G O

V E R N

M E N

T

DARPA

N

ISTI N D U S T R Y

Users/Integrators

Developers/Manufacturers

Suppliers

U N I V E R S I T I E SStorage Centers

Others


NSIC Projects

● SWAT (Short Wavelength Advanced Technology)● UHDR (Ultrahigh Density Recording)● HEADS (10 Gb/in2 GMR Technology)

● PRISM (Photorefractive Information Storage Materials)No-Cost Extension Secured

● HDSS (Holographic Data Storage Systems) Three Demos Planned

No-Cost Extension Secured

● UCOD (Ultrahigh Capacity Optical Disk)

● EHDR (Extremely High Density Recording - 100 Gb/in2 HDD Technology)

Good Momentum & Interest (10 companies, 16 universities)5 Working Groups

NSF Year 1 Progress Report Completed NSF Year 2 Funding Process Underway Sponsor Executive Briefing Held 9/07/99

● NASD (Network Attached Storage Devices)Object Oriented Disk Document (pre-standard) Developed

Final Project Meeting December 1999

● MORE (Multiple Optical Recording Enhancements)Excellent Technical ProgressChanges in Direction Negotiated with NIST

Renewal for Year 3 Secured

● Tape (Advanced Magnetic Tape Storage TechnologyBegan in December 19997 industrial sponsors


Outline


• NSIC today

• Relations with

� Universities

� Government

� Industry


• Future Vision


Corporate Members(December 1999)

3M* ADVANCED RESEARCH* APPLIED MAGNETICS* APRILIS CALIMETRICS CIRRUS LOGIC EASTMAN KODAK* ECD (Energy Conversion Devices) EMC * HEADWAY TECHNOLOGIES HEWLETT-PACKARD HUTCHINSON TECHNOLOGY IBM IMATION KOMAG LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES

MAXTOR

POLAROID

QUANTUM

READ-RITE

ROCKWELL SCIENCE CENTER *

SAINT-GOBAIN*

SEAGATE TECHNOLOGY

SILICON GRAPHICS*

SIROS TECHNOLOGIES*

STORAGETEK

SUN MICROSYSTEMS*

TEXAS INSTRUMENTS

VEECO INSTRUMENTS

VTC

WESTERN DIGITAL* Limited Member


Associate Members

AKRON

ALABAMA

ALBERTA

ARGONNE NAT’L LAB

ARIZONA

CARNEGIE MELLON

COLORADO

DAYTON

GEORGIA TECH

HARVARD

IDAHO

IDEMA

LAWRENCE BERKELEY NAT’L LAB

LAWRENCE LIVERMORE NAT’L LAB

LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LAB

MIT

MINNESOTA

MONTANA STATE

NAT’L INST OF STDS & TECH

NEBRASKA

NORTHWESTERN

OHIO STATE

SANTA CLARA

STANFORD

UC BERKELEY

UC SAN DIEGO

VANDERBILT

WASHINGTON UNIV


Operational Activities

● Project Formation» Ideas From NSIC or Members» Topical Workshop» Response to Government Solicitation» Proposal Generation

● Project Operation» Project Agreement (Legal Contract)

– Recent Exceptions» Technical Exchanges» Technical Progress Reporting» Financial Management» Intellectual Property Reporting» Project Board Meetings

● Communications» NSIC Board and Executive Committee Meetings» Member/Prospect Executive Briefings» Member Technical Briefings» University Center Reviews» Conferences and Symposia» Government Committee Inputs» Newsletter

● Internal Administration


NSIC Project Models

Model 1:

• Industrial Contributions: “in kind” research

• Matching government funding is a key objective

• Government funding goes in part to industry, in part to support University/Lab research

Model 2:

• Industrial contributions in cash, plus project guidance/ leadership

• Add government funding, if available

• Industrial and government funding goes to support University/ Lab research, not to industry


NSIC Project Organization

PROJECT

HOWSTARTED

WHO PAYS WHO WORKS

WHO LEADS

SWAT

ATP PROPOSAL

I, U, G

I, U

NSIC HEADS

ATP PROPOSAL

I, U, G

I, U

I

UHDR

RESPONSE TODARPA

OPPORTUNITY

I, U, G

I, U

NSIC, I, U

PRISM

PI’s & DARPA

I, U, G

I, U

I, U

HDSS

PI’s & DARPA

I, U, G

I, U

I, U

UCOD

ATP PROPOSAL

I, U, G

I, U, G

I

NASD CMU INITIATIVE

I, U

I, U

U

EHDR

NSIC INITIATIVE

I, G

U, G

U, I

MORE

ATP PROPOSAL

I, G

I, U

I

TAPE NSIC INITIATIVE

I

U

I


Outline


• NSIC today

• Relations with

� Universities

� Government

� Industry


• Future Vision


NSIC and the Universities

1980’s Storage Centers Established

Center-to-Company Interactions Limited

Center-to-Center Interactions Minimal

1990’s University Involvement Part of NSIC’s Charter

Universities Provided the Initial Link for

Company Technical Interactions

Quarterly Company-University Project Meetings

High Interaction Bandwidth

Increased Focus for University Activities


Relations with Government

● DARPA Has Not Provided Earmarked Funding for Storage Technology Research» Project Funding has Come via Submitted Proposals That Matched Contract Managers’Agendas

– 5 Projects Totaling $73M

● ATP Had a Strong Early Relationship» 1991: 6 Month Planning Award for SWAT Program Facilitated NSIC’s Formation» First Two Projects Won Competitively in General Competitions» 1994: ATP (with NSIC input) Created Focus Program in Digital Data Storage - $250M over 5years

● ATP History Since 1995 Less Favorable» Increased Emphasis on Commercialization Plans» Wariness of Large Horizontal Partnerships and Large Companies» De-emphasis on Focus Programs

● Building New Relationship with NSF» Emphasis on University Research» Emphasis on Fundamental Limits» Proposal Funded ($1.8M over 3 years)

• Other Agencies May be Approached» NASA, NSA


Relations with Industry

● Membership Has Many Constituencies» Hard Drive, Tape, Optical, Holographic Storage, Storage Systems» Tiny Companies Through Fortune 100» Storage-Focused vs. Broader vs. Niche Companies

● Diverse Agendas Abound» Government Funding Role» University Role» Intellectual Property» Vertical vs. Horizontal Partnerships» Exotic vs. Evolutionary Technology» U.S. Focus vs. International

● Mixed Levels of Interest / Involvement in NSIC» Working Level Technical Participation (10-50% time)» Middle Management Board Participation» Occasional Executive Contact

● Input from Directors’ Questionnaire

● Increasing Engagement of Executive Committee» Awards» Membership» Compensation» Staff Recruiting


Outline


• NSIC today

• Relations with

� Universities

� Government

� Industry


• Future Vision


Tape

MOREHDD (ATP)

Multillevel and Near-field Optical DiscOptical Disc EHDR

(NSF)Magnetic Tape

NASDAlternative Technologies

UCOD(ATP)

HDSS(DARPA)

PRISM(DARPA)

UHDR(DARPA)

HEADS(ATP)

SWAT(ATP)

1999 2000 2001

3 companies, 2 universities Compact Blue Laser

1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998

2 companies, 4 universities 10 Gb/in2 Optical Disk

9 companies, 7 universities GMR Heads for 10 Gb/in2

12 companies, 12 universities 10 Gb/in2 HDD Technology

9 companies, 7 universities 1 TB/in3 Mag Tape

7 companies, 4 universitiesHolographic

Systems

6 companies, 1 universityHolographic

Materials

5 companies, 1 university Network Storage

2 companies, 1 university 1 TB Optical Disk

3 companies, 2 universities

12 companies, 16 universities >100 Gb/in2

HDD

7 ?companies universities

NSIC Research Projects


Recent NSIC Roadmap Activity

1996 - 97: Optical Disk Storage 1999-2000: Optical Disk Storage

Senior Coordinator: C. Denis Mee (NSIC) Senior Coordinator: C. Denis Mee (NSIC) OIDA Liaison: C. Tom Walker (3M) Technology Leader: G. Sincerbox (U. of AZ) Technology Leader: Mark Kryder (CMU) Systems/Applications Leader: P. Wehrenberg (Apple) Systems & Applications Leader: Alan Bell (IBM) Workshop: November 1999 Workshop: April 1996 Report: February 2000 (Planned) Report: June 1997

1997: Hard Disk Drive Technology

Senior Coordinator: Barry Schechtman (NSIC) Technology Leader: Mark Kryder (CMU) Workshop: February 1997 Report: Incorporated in July 1997 Proposal

1997: Magnetic Head Metrology

Senior Coordinator: Barry Schechtman (NSIC) Metrology Leader: Dick Harris (NIST) Wafer Requirements: Mark Kief (Seagate) Slider Requirements: Bill Cross (Quantum) Workshop: June 1997 Report: February 1998

1997 - 98: Magnetic Tape Storage Senior Coordinator: C. Denis Mee (NSIC) Technology Leader: Bill Doyle (Alabama) Systems & Applications Leader: Bill Phillips (StorageTek) Workshop: September 1997 Report: June 1998


EHDR Project Organization

STRATEGYGROUP

NSICSENIOR

PROGRAMMANAGER

HeadwayIBM

QuantumRead-RiteSeagate

TIVTC

HEADSTEAM

IBMQuantumSeagate

MEDIATEAM

HeadwayHutchinson

IBMQuantumRead-RiteSeagate

TIVTC

SERVOTEAM

HeadwayHutchinson

IBMRead-RiteSeagate

HEADDISK

INTERFACETEAM

Cirrus LogicHutchinson

IBMLucent

QuantumSeagate

TIVTC

SIGNALPROCESSING

TEAM

TECHNICALPROGRAMMANAGER

PROGRAMBOARD

OFDIRECTORS

SPONSOR TECHNOLOGYEXECUTIVES

Technical AreaWorking Groups


EHDR ProgramHistory and Status

Start of Program: November 1996

● Initial Sponsors: 4 (all one level)

● Initial Budget: $400KPresent Status: November 1999

● Sponsors: 10 (three levels)

● Annual Budget: $2.0M (includes $0.6M from NSF)Program Manager: Mark Kryder (Seagate)

● Working Groups with Industry Team Leaders

Heads Simon Liao (Headway) Media Mary Doerner (IBM) Signal Processing Arnon Friedmann (Quantum)* Servo Alexei Sacks (Seagate) Tribology Singh Bhatia (IBM) +Testing Roy Gustafson (Seagate)● Will Support ~40 Students for 1999-2000

*through year end 1999


Objectives

● Stable Media Materials for 100 Gb/in2

● Wear Layers & Lubricants for Contact Recording at <10nmMagnetic Spacing

● Head Materials with >15% ▲R/R

● Nanometer Head Structures

● Head & Media Materials for >1 GHz

● Channels for Very Low SNR

● Servo at <1 Micron Track Pitch

● Development/Assessment of Perpendicular Recording

● Development/Assessment of Patterned Media Recording

EHDR/Frontiers of Magnetic Recording


• At 100 Gb/in2 areal density, a “traditional” 3.5-inch desktop PC drive would store about:

70 Gbytes with 1 disk & 1 head

140 Gbytes with 1 disk & 2 heads

280 Gbytes with 2 disks

420 Gbytes with 3 disks

Areal Density Target: 100 Gb/in2


• At 100 Gb/in2 areal density, a “traditional” 2.5-inch laptop or notebook drive would store about:

30 Gbytes with 1 disk & 1 head

60 Gbytes with 1 disk & 2 heads

120 Gbytes on 2 disks




• At 100 Gb/in2 areal density, a Microdrive for portable/consumer applications would store about:

3.4 Gbytes with 1 disk & 1 head

6.8 Gbytes with 1 disk & 2 heads

(or several thousand to several 10’s ofthousands of 2-megapixel digital photos,depending on compression scheme used)


100 Gb/in2: How?• Most likely: using fairly evolutionary extensions of longitudinal recording:

Media: continuous metal film with tightergrain size distributions and new alloys

Heads: GMR multi-spin-valves, or possibly spin-dependent tunneling devices & high Bs writers

Head/Media Interface: virtual contact becomesless “virtual” with physical spacing around 5 nm

Channels: new codes and ECC schemes allowus to operate at lower SNR

Servo: uses multi-stage actuators



• Note that advanced areal density demonstrations have already reached about 36 Gb/in2 in 1999!



• Opening up new applications:

HDTV with set-top boxesDigital video

High-resolution still photosMusic

GamesFaster Internet pipelines

Personal Data CompanionsMore storage in phones, cars,

household appliances, …



9/97: Workshop on Magnetic Tape Applications, Systems and Technology

6/98: Roadmap Report on Magnetic Tape

8/98 – 2/99: Individual Executive Briefings at 7 NSIC Companies

3/99 – 7/99: Confirmation of Interest and Naming of Technical Representatives

9/99: Meeting of Technical Representatives to Identify and Prioritize Topics for Generic Pre-Competitive Research

11/99: Meeting of Prospective Sponsor Executives and Confirmation of Commitments

12/99: Program Launched and Board of Directors Created

1/00: First Round Solicitation of Research Proposals

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Companies Involved:

Advanced Research Quantum

Hewlett Packard Read-Rite

IBM Seagate

Imation StorageTek

First Year Budget: $350K (will support approximately 6 graduate students)

A New Joint Research ProgramFor the Magnetic Tape Industry


Outline


• NSIC today

• Relations with

� Universities

� Government

� Industry


• Future Vision


Future NSIC Directions

● Magnetic/Optical Hard Drive Roadmaps

» Technology Barriers/Limitations

» Opportunities for Combined Approaches

● Manufacturing Technology for HDD’s

»Fabrication, Metrology, Test Technology

● Storage Systems


Roadmap on Optical Disk Storage Applications,Products and Technology

Leaders: Paul Wehrenberg, Glenn Sincerbox, Apple University of Arizona

Applications and Systems Technology

•••• Consumer Audio/Video •••• DVD Derivatives •••• Personal Computer •••• MO •••• Workstations •••• MO-Hybrid •••• Servers •••• Near Field •••• Enterprise Systems •••• Volume Storage •••• Super Computers •••• Gray Scale

•••• Workshop with ~40 Participants November 3-4, 1999

•••• Draft report expected in February 2000


Roger Wood, IBM:

The Feasibility of Magnetic Recording at 1 Terabit Per Square Inch,presented at TMRC 1999, August 9-11, 1999:

“The example system does manage to approach a density of 1 Terabit per square inch without violating any physical laws.”

“In conclusion, conventional magnetic recording will be limited to anareal density of the order of 1 Terabit per square inch. This limit is

dictated by the thermal stability and information capacity ofrandom granular medium.”

Life Beyond 100 Gb/in2 ?


The U.S. Storage Industry

War in the Marketplace

but

All in the Same Boat

Therefore,

Cooperation on Future Technology


Why NSIC?

• Leverage for longer-range “pre-competitive” research investments

• Participate in setting common industry goals/ objectives and technology roadmaps

• Participate in industry/industry interactions

• Provide guidance to industry suppliers

• Participate in industry/university interactions

• Provide guidance/direction for university research

• Provide guidance for government funding agencies


Take Home Message

� NSIC’s Approach Is Unique

� It Works

� It Will Evolve to Meet the

Storage Industry’s Future Needs

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