OVERVIEW FOCUS ON M.I. AS SOCIAL CATEGORY NOT ON PEOPLE WITH M.I. HOW GROUPS CREATE, USE, AND EXPAND...
-
date post
19-Dec-2015 -
Category
Documents
-
view
215 -
download
1
Transcript of OVERVIEW FOCUS ON M.I. AS SOCIAL CATEGORY NOT ON PEOPLE WITH M.I. HOW GROUPS CREATE, USE, AND EXPAND...
OVERVIEW
• FOCUS ON M.I. AS SOCIAL CATEGORY NOT ON PEOPLE WITH M.I.
• HOW GROUPS CREATE, USE, AND EXPAND CATEGORIES OF M.I.
• PROFESSIONAL, FAMILY, ECONOMIC• EXAMPLES OF SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION,
SOCIAL ANXIETY, AUTISM, ADD
FINDINGS
• 43 % OF WOMEN AND 31% OF MEN HAVE SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
• VERY WIDESPREAD PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM
• PEOPLE MUST KNOW THAT MEDICATIONS ARE AVAILABLE TO HELP
DSM SYMPTOMS
• LACK INTEREST IN SEX
• ANXIETY ABOUT PERFORMANCE
• AROUSAL DIFFICULTIES
• UNABLE TO HAVE ORGASM
• CLIMAX TOO QUICKLY
• FIND SEX PAINFUL
• SEX NOT PLEASURABLE
SEXUAL DYSFUNCTION
• BEST PREDICTOR?
• LOW SATISFACTION WITH PARTNER
• PEOPLE WHO DON’T ENJOY SEX WITH PARTNERS ARE CALLED MENTALLY ILL AND SHOULD TAKE MEDICATION
FINDINGS
• FIRST APPEARED IN DSM-III (1980)
• FIRST STUDY - “COMPELLING DESIRE” TO AVOID SITUATIONS – 2.75% PREVALENCE IN 1984
• NCS – “UNREASONABLY STRONG FEAR” – 13.3% PREVALENCE IN 1994
WHY PERPETUATED?
• PERPETUATED BECAUSE BENEFITS PARTICULAR GROUPS
• PHARMACEUTICAL COMPANIES
• RESEARCHERS
• CONSUMERS
AUTISM
• 273% INCREASE FROM 1990-2000
• BELIEF IN AUTISM EPIDEMIC
• SEARCH FOR CAUSES (E.G. VACCINATION)
GERNSBACHER
• BEFORE 1990, NOT EVEN REPORTED
• RISE TOO GREAT TO BE BELIEVABLE
• IN FACT, EXPANDED DSM CRITERIA MAKE IT EASIER TO GET DIAGNOSIS
• BENEFITS FROM DIAGNOSIS STARTING IN 1991 (IDEA)
AUTISM
• ADVANTAGES FROM DIAGNOSIS FOR FAMILIES
• COALESCE INTO SOCIAL MOVEMENT
• IMPORTANCE OF LAY GROUPS IN PROMOTING DIAGNOSIS
ADD DIAGNOSES 1980 - 2000
0
500,000
1,000,000
1,500,000
2,000,000
2,500,000
3,000,000
3,500,000
4,000,000
4,500,000
1980 1990 2000
PRESCRIPTIONS FOR METHYLPHENIDATE
02,000,0004,000,000
6,000,0008,000,00010,000,000
12,000,00014,000,00016,000,00018,000,000
20,000,000
1990 2000
REASONS
• 1991 CHANGE IN FEDERAL DISABILITY POLICY
• FAMILIES – ENHANCE PERFORMANCE, CONTROL BEHAVIOR
• TEACHERS – MORE CONTROL IN CLASSROOM
• DRUG COMPANIES• LAY GROUPS - CHADD
BENEFITS
• BETTER ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE
• BOOST SELF-ESTEEM
• HELP PARENTS AND TEACHERS
COSTS
• EFFECT OF LONG-TERM MEDICATION REGIME
• STIGMA?
• ABUSE OF DIAGNOSIS
SUMMARY
TREMENDOUS RECENT RISE IN RATES OF TREATED M.I.
INFLUENCE OF PHARMACEUTICAL CO.
INFLUENCE OF FAMILY GROUPS
INFLUENCE OF DSM
BENEFITS AND COSTS