Outlook on WtE bottom ash recycling and EU policy · 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. ......
Transcript of Outlook on WtE bottom ash recycling and EU policy · 2006. 2007. 2008. 2009. 2010. 2011. 2012. ......
Outlook onWtE bottom ash recyclingand EU policy
MAXIME PERNAL, CEWEPSEMINAR: BOTTOM ASH RECYCLING
AS A COMPONENT FOR THE CIRCULAR ECONOMY8TH JUNE 2017
CEWEP Members: 69.1 M tonnes; 386 plants
Europe: 88.6 M tonnes; 483 plants
CEWEP - Confederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants
They thermally treat householdand similar commercial &industrial waste that remainsafter waste prevention, reuseand recycling and generateenergy out of it.
CEWEP is the umbrella association of the operators ofWaste-to-Energy Plants across Europe.
Uddevalla WtE plant, Sweden
Padua WtE plant, Italy
2014
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Legend: Waste-to-Energy Plants
operating in Europe Waste thermally treated in
Waste-to-Energy plants (in million tonnes)
Finland9 1.2
Sweden33 5.7
Norway17 1.58
Estonia1 0.22
Latvia
Lithuania1 0.14
Denmark26 3.5
United Kingdom32 7.9Ireland
1 0.22 Netherlands12 7.6
Belgium18 3.3
Germany99 25
Poland1 0.04
France126 14.7
Luxembourg1 0.13
Czech Republic
3 0.64Slovakia2 0.19Austria
11 2.4Switzerland30 3.8
Hungary1 0.38Slovenia Romania
Bulgaria
Greece
Spain*12 2.5
Portugal3 0.97
Italy44 6.3
Data supplied by CEWEP members and national sources* Includes plant in Andorra
Croatia
Waste-to-Energy in Europe in 2014
treating household and commercial & industrial waste that remains after waste prevention, reuse and recycling
483 plants88.6 M tonnes capacity
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Municipal waste treatment in 2015 EU 28 + Switzerland, Norway and Iceland
Graph by CEWEP, Source: EUROSTAT 2017
* : 2013 data
26%
1% 1% 1% 1% 3%9% 12%
18%23% 24% 26% 30%
42% 44%49% 53% 54% 55% 55%
67% 68% 73%81% 81% 82% 82%
93%
3%
67%
27%
32%
51%44%
53%47%
39%
59%48% 34%
32%
18%
35%21%
18% 13%
21% 18% 14% 12% 12%
3%
11%3%
47%
53%
4%
46%
68%
48%55%
46%52%
58%
33%41%
48% 45%
58%
40%49%
40% 42%
30% 30% 32% 34% 33% 30% 32%
16% 19% 19% 18% 15%7%
53%43%
30%
0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
70%
80%
90%
100%
Landfill Waste-to-Energy Recycling + Composting
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Municipal waste treatment trends 2001-2015 EU 28 Graph by CEWEP, Source: EUROSTAT 2017
Landfilling -30%
Waste-to-Energy +11%
Recycling +18%
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0%
10%
20%
30%
40%
50%
60%
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Landfill Waste-to-Energy Recycling + composting
Where does Waste-to-Energy stand?
Circular EconomyWaste
toEnergy
Energy Union
Quality Recycling and Material efficiency
Diverting wastefrom landfills
Energy Efficiency
Replacing fossil fuels with Renewables
Sink for pollutants
Local, cost-effective, secure energy
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WtE bottom ash production7
►Key figures (EU)
• 88 million tonnes of waste treated by WtE
• 15-19 million tonnes IBA produced per year
• 2.7 to 3.5 million tonnes CO2 equivalent
emission saving from metal recycling
• 9 to 24 kg of Aluminum per tonne
recovered from bottom ash
Bottom ash: recovery examples 8
Country Use as a secondary construction materialAustria No intention to reuse except as landfill structure material Belgium Use of granulates in road construction, concrete productsDenmark Road subbase and embankments, Filler for marine structures (dams, ports),
Construction material for parking and small building foundations
France 80% of bottom ash recovered in road construction
Germany Road subbase construction, recovery on landfills (roads, shaping) or storage in salt mines
Italy Recovery in cement kilns, road construction, landfill construction
Netherlands Road subbase and embankments, Noise barriers, Foundation material, Concrete products, Landfill prohibited
Portugal Road construction, recovery on landfill sites (as construction layers)Spain Road construction, recovery on landfill sites (as construction layers)Sweden Reuse as landfill covering material UK 55% reused as road material in 2011
Outlook on EU policy
Circular Economy Waste classification Chemical, Product, Waste interface BREF Waste Incineration European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials (2017 – 2021)
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Circular Economy package 2015
Commission proposal - Amendments to the Waste Framework Directive
To calculate the targets, Member States “may take into account the recycling of metals that takes place in conjunction with incineration in proportion to the share of the municipal waste incinerated provided that the recycled metals meet certain quality requirements”. A common calculation methodology and quality criteria to be adopted by the Commission before 1st July 2019
Supported by European Parliament and Council of the EU
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Waste Classification
Amendment of Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC (WFD) listing hazardous properties -(Regulation1357/2014): HP1 to HP13 and HP15
Amendment on HP14 in separate act (to be published soon in OJ)
Positive development: introduction of recital (7)“ […]. Decision 2000/532/EC provides that, where a hazardous property of waste has been assessed by a test and by using the concentrations of hazardous substances as indicated in Annex III to Directive 2008/98/EC, the results of the test shall prevail. Furthermore, Article 12 of Regulation (EC) No 1272/2008, in particular Article 12(b) and the methodologies for its application, should be taken into account.”
CEWEP and ECN (Dutch research institute) drafted a practical guidance to provideclarity in the classification process with local authorities.
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Chemical, Product, Waste interface
Roadmap (27th January) focusing on: Insufficient information about substances of concern in products and waste Substances of concern in recycled materials/in articles made of recycled materials Uncertainties about how materials can cease to be waste Difficulties in applying EU waste classification and impacts on recyclability of materials
After the recently launched consultation with stakeholders, a communication will bepublished to present the analysis and identify options to facilitate recycling throughpromotion of non-toxic material cycles and better tracking of chemicals of concern inproducts.Indicative planning: 4th quarter 2017
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BREF Waste Incineration
BREF Waste Incineration Draft 1 released 24/05/2017 Covers treatment of slags and/or bottom ashes from the incineration of waste 10 BAT conclusions mentioning bottom ashBAT 11. In order to improve the overall environmental performance of the bottom ash treatment plant, as part of the waste stream management plan (see BAT 1), BAT is to set up and implement an output quality management system.BAT 27. In order to reduce dust emissions to air from the treatment of slags and bottom ashes, BAT is to carry out these activities in enclosed equipment under negative pressure and to treat the extracted air with a bag filter (see Section 5.2.2).BAT 34. In order to reduce emissions to water from flue-gas cleaning and/or from the treatment of slags and bottom ashes, BAT is to use an appropriate combination of the techniques given below, and to use secondary techniques as close as possible to the source in order to avoid dilution.BAT 35. In order to increase resource efficiency and improve the recovery of useful materials from the incineration residues, BAT is to handle and treat bottom ashes separately from fly ashes and from other FGC residues, and to use a combination of the techniques given below.
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European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials (2017 – 2021)
The European Innovation Partnership on Raw Materials is a stakeholder platform that brings together representatives from industry, public services, academia and NGOs.
Mission: shaping the EU's future raw materials policy framework
Target 4: Framework conditions for enhanced efficiency in material use and in waste prevention, re-use and recycling, and raw materials efficient product design.
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Waste-to-EnergyMaximum recycling. Minimum landfill
CEWEPConfederation of European Waste-to-Energy Plants
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