Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong
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Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
in Hong Kong
The Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical AssociationMedical Association
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Types of Pneumonia
Bacterial PneumoniaAtypical Pneumonia - Mycoplasma
ViralChemical
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Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
First recognised in Feb 2003 (case in Hanoi) A form of Atypical Pneumonia characteristics - high fever (>38°C or 100.4° F)
- dry cough- breathing difficulties- rapid deterioration
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No. of case of SARS worldwideFrom: 1 Nov 2002 To: 16 Apr 2003, 12:00 GMT+2
Country Cumulative no. of case(s) No. of deaths Local transmission
Brazil 2 0 NoneCanada 103 13 YesChina 1,432 64 YesChina, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 1,268 61 YesChina, Taiwan 27 0 YesFrance 5 0 NoneGermany 6 0 NoneIndonesia 1 0 NoneItaly 3 0 NoneJapan 1 0 NoneKuwait 1 0 NoneMalaysia 5 1 NonePhilippines 1 0 NoneRepublic of Ireland 1 0 NoneRomania 1 0 NoneSingapore 162 13 YesSouth Africa 1 0 NoneSpain 1 0 NoneSweden 1 0 NoneSwitzerland 1 0 NoneThailand 8 2 NoneUnited Kingdom 6 0 YesUnited States 193 0 YesViet Nam 63 5 Yes
Total 3,293 159
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Figures on Atypical Pneumonia in HKFrom: The Department of Health website as at 3:00 pm, 14 April 2003
Nature Total Admission (The numbers in bracket are those with pneumonia symptoms)
Health care workers of Hospitals/Clinics and medical students
280 (280)93 of the patients were discharg
edPatients, family members & visitors
910 (910)136 of the patients were dischar
gedTotal admission 1,190 (1,190)
229 were discharged
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Epidemiological linkage
MetropoleHotel
3 Singapore visitors
Outbreak in Singapore 2 Canadian visitors
A private hospital outbreak on Hong Kong IslandOutbreak in Toronto, Canada
1 American Chinese
Hanoi outbreak index case
PWH index patientOnset: 21 Feb 03
1 Mainland visitorOnset: 21 Feb 03
Succumbed at KWH
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Symptoms of Respiratory Illness
Symptoms FrequencyFever 100%Chills 92%
Malaise 90%Headache 84%
Myalgia 67%Cough 50%
Dizziness 49%
Rigors 44%
Sore throat 43%Runny nose 39%
Productive cough 36%
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Known Facts about SARS
Less infectious than influenza Incubation 2 to 7 days Infective period?A new virus?Any treatment?Mortality?
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How does SARS spread?
NOT airborne
Droplets - via close contact with an infected person
Contaminated working surfaces(e.g. formites, stainless steel) ~ survival up to 6 hours
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The wearing of face masks
Healthcare workers looking after suspected/confirmed cases of SARS
Family members of suspected/ confirmed case
Wearing in public area?N95? Surgical mask?
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Guideline for wearing facemask
1. Wash hands before wearing a facemask.2. Follow the instructions on the packet carefully, if available.3. In general, when wearing a surgical facemask, the following
should be noted: the facemask should fit snugly over the face; the coloured side of the facemask should face outside; tie all the strings that keep the facemask in place or fix the r
ubber bands of the facemask round the ears properly; the facemask should fully cover the nose, mouth as well as
the chin; the metallic wire part of the facemask should be fixed secur
ely over the bridge of the nose to prevent leakage; under general circumstances, the surgical mask should be
changed daily.
posted on the Department of Health website on 28/03/2003
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Guideline for wearing facemask
4. Put the facemask into a plastic bag and tie it properly before putting it into a rubbish bin. You may dispose a used facemask concealed in a separate bag with the rest of your domestic wastes.
5. Replace the facemask immediately if it is damaged or soiled.
posted on the Department of Health website on 28/03/2003
Wearing a facemask is just one of the ways to prevent respiratory tract infections. The most important thing a person should do is to observe good personal hygiene. For example, wash hands frequently with liquid soap, especially after sneezing, coughing or cleaning the nose.
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Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection (1)
Building good body immunity by having a proper diet, regular exercise and adequate rest, reducing stress and avoiding smoking;
Maintain good personal hygiene, and wash hands after sneezing, coughing or cleaning the nose;
Maintain good ventilation;
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Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection (2)
Avoid visiting crowded places with poor ventilation;
Put on a mask if taking care of a patient with respiratory symptoms and wash hands thoroughly afterwards;
Put on a mask if suffering from respiratory tract infection to reduce the chance of spreading the infection to people around them.
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Statistics on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
There is no unusual rise in the number of CAP The causes of CAP are similar to previous years
(50% each of known causes and unknown causes)
Disease 2001 20022003
(till 15/3/2003)
Pneumonia 24,400 18,000 3,646
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~ The End ~The Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical AssociationMedical Association