Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.
-
Upload
beatrix-robertson -
Category
Documents
-
view
216 -
download
0
Transcript of Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.
![Page 1: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
in Hong Kong
The Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical AssociationMedical Association
![Page 2: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
Types of Pneumonia
Bacterial Pneumonia
Atypical Pneumonia - Mycoplasma
Viral
Chemical
![Page 3: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS)
First recognised in Feb 2003 (case in Hanoi)
A form of Atypical Pneumonia
characteristics - high fever (>38°C or 100.4° F)
- dry cough
- breathing difficulties
- rapid deterioration
![Page 4: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
No. of case of SARS worldwideFrom: 1 Nov 2002 To: 9 Apr 2003, 15:00 GMT+2
Country Cumulative no. of case(s) No. of deaths Local transmission
Brazil 2 0 None
Canada 97 10 Yes
China 1,290 55 Yes
China, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region 998 30 Yes
China, Taiwan 19 0 Yes
France 4 0 None
Germany 6 0 None
Italy 3 0 None
Kuwait 1 0 None
Malaysia 3 1 None
Republic of Ireland 1 0 None
Romania 1 0 None
Singapore 126 9 Yes
Spain 1 0 None
Switzerland 1 0 None
Thailand 7 2 None
United Kingdom 5 0 None
United States 154 0 None
Viet Nam 62 4 YesTotal 2,781 111
![Page 5: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Figures on Atypical Pneumonia in HKFrom: The Department of Health website as at 3:00 pm, 7 April 2003
Nature Total Admission (The numbers in bracket are those with pneumonia symptoms)
Health care workers of Hospitals/Clinics and medical students
208 (208)
69 of the patients were discharged
Patients, family members & visitors
675 (675)
58 of the patients were discharged
Total admission 883 (883)
127 were discharged
![Page 6: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Epidemiological linkage
MetropoleHotel
3 Singapore visitors
Outbreak in Singapore 2 Canadian visitors
A private hospital outbreak on Hong Kong Island
Outbreak in Toronto, Canada
1 American Chinese
Hanoi outbreak index case
PWH index patientOnset: 21 Feb 03
1 Mainland visitorOnset: 21 Feb 03
Succumbed at KWH
![Page 7: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Symptoms of Respiratory Illness
Symptoms FrequencyFever 100%
Chills 92%
Malaise 90%
Headache 84%
Myalgia 67%
Cough 50%
Dizziness 49%
Rigors 44%
Sore throat 43%
Runny nose 39%
Productive cough 36%
![Page 8: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Known Facts about SARS
Less infectious than influenza
Incubation 2 to 7 days
Infective period?
A new virus?
Any treatment?
Mortality?
![Page 9: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
How does SARS spread?
NOT airborne
Droplets - via close contact with an infected person
Contaminated working surfaces(e.g. formites, stainless steel) ~ survival up to 6 hours
![Page 10: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
The wearing of face masks
Healthcare workers looking after suspected/confirmed cases of SARS
Family members of suspected/ confirmed case
Wearing in public area?
N95? Surgical mask?
![Page 11: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Guideline for wearing facemask
1. Wash hands before wearing a facemask.
2. Follow the instructions on the packet carefully, if available.
3. In general, when wearing a surgical facemask, the following should be noted:
the facemask should fit snugly over the face; the coloured side of the facemask should face outside; tie all the strings that keep the facemask in place or fix the r
ubber bands of the facemask round the ears properly; the facemask should fully cover the nose, mouth as well as
the chin; the metallic wire part of the facemask should be fixed secur
ely over the bridge of the nose to prevent leakage; under general circumstances, the surgical mask should be
changed daily.
posted on the Department of Health website on 28/03/2003
![Page 12: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Guideline for wearing facemask
4. Put the facemask into a plastic bag and tie it properly before putting it into a rubbish bin. You may dispose a used facemask concealed in a separate bag with the rest of your domestic wastes.
5. Replace the facemask immediately if it is damaged or soiled.
posted on the Department of Health website on 28/03/2003
Wearing a facemask is just one of the ways to prevent respiratory tract infections. The most important thing a person should do is to observe good personal hygiene. For example, wash hands frequently with liquid soap, especially after sneezing, coughing or cleaning the nose.
![Page 13: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection (1)
Building good body immunity by having a
proper diet, regular exercise and adequate
rest, reducing stress and avoiding smoking;
Maintain good personal hygiene, and wash
hands after sneezing, coughing or cleaning
the nose;
Maintain good ventilation;
![Page 14: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Prevention of Respiratory Tract Infection (2)
Avoid visiting crowded places with poor ventilation;
Put on a mask if taking care of a patient with respiratory symptoms and wash hands thoroughly afterwards;
Put on a mask if suffering from respiratory tract infection to reduce the chance of spreading the infection to people around them.
![Page 15: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Statistics on community-acquired pneumonia (CAP)
There is no unusual rise in the number of CAP
The causes of CAP are similar to previous years(50% each of known causes and unknown causes)
Disease 2001 20022003
(till 15/3/2003)
Pneumonia 24,400 18,000 3,646
![Page 16: Outbreak of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) in Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical Association.](https://reader036.fdocuments.us/reader036/viewer/2022062421/56649d095503460f949db1be/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
~ The End ~
The Hong Kong The Hong Kong Medical AssociationMedical Association