THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE, ISLAMIC HEARTLAND, AND QING CHINA CIVILIZATIONS IN CRISIS, CONFLICT AND CHANGE.
Ottoman,qing,japan 2013
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Ottoman Empire, Qing Empire, and Japan Era of Changes 1750 to 1900
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Transcript of Ottoman,qing,japan 2013
Ottoman Empire, Qing Empire, and Japan
Era of Changes
1750 to 1900
Ottoman Empire & Qing Empire – the turbulent 19th century
Ottoman Expansion 1300 - 1600
Nationalist revolutions & European advances led to the Ottoman Empire losing territory
EX. Independence in the BalkansSemi-Independence in North AfricaLater British influence in Egypt
The Decline of Ottoman Rule
The Empire became known as "the sick man of Europe” by Europeans.
The Sultanate has to be destroyed.
Religion and State have to be separated from one another.
We have to turn away from the eastern civilizations and turn to the western ones.
We have to do away with the distinctions between men and women and thereby found new social rules.
We have to find an alphabet based upon the Latin script, and
we have to focus ourselves towards the West in every respect, even
as far as our clothes are concerned." Mustafa Kemal Atatürk
MANCHU CHINA – the QING DYNASTY (the last dynasty of China)
Qing China produced more goods and held onto a favorable trade balance into the late 1700s.
THE OPIUM WARS
Chinese Rulers sing-along-to the tune of “Frere Jacques”?
Shang, Zhou, Qin, HanShang, Zhou, Qin, HanSui, Tang, SongSui, Tang, SongYuan, Ming, Qing, RepublicThen comes RevolutionMao Zedong, Mao Zedong
Empires that didn’t strike back!
Qing Dynasty of China (1644 – 1911) The end of a 4000 years of dynastic cycles.
Ottoman Empire (1300 – 1918)
600 year old powerhouse fell.
Empires that didn’t strike back!
CHANGES• Economy weakened• Political Rebellions• European pressure / takeover• Social Class changes
CAUSESIn both Qing China & the Ottoman
Empire:• the government resisted economic
change & attempted to maintain pre-industrial forms of economic production
• the leadership underestimated the growing power of the European nations
A Brief Look at Japan in the 1800s to 1900s
Do you remember?
Under the Tokugawa Emperor, the Japanese shoguns had chosen a policy of isolationism in the early 1600s.
Foreigners were prohibited to enter Japan and the Japanese were “prohibited” from leaving.
Outside powers threatened Japan After the defeat of the Chinese
by the British (1780s) & a growing presence of European and U.S. warships (1850s) Japanese leaders “decided” to sign trade treaties and open Japan to outsiders.
Japan was now open to outside influences.
Tokugawa rulers lose. . . The threat from outsiders and a
desire for change unified many Japanese leaders against the Tokugawa rulers.
Provincial leaders joined together & overthrew the Tokugawa rulers, and began the Meiji period.
1860s - 1900s
Japan transformed itself into a major industrial and
military power
The Meiji Government
The emperor was the “figurehead” of the government while power was held by landowners and businessmen in congress & in the military (oligarchy).
Meiji Japan adapts Western ideas
Japanese were sent on study tours of Europe. Europeans & Americans were hired to help transform Japan.
In Japan a new education system was set up
Meiji Japan transforms itself
Government built a modern army & navy
FROM THIS . . .
TO THIS.
JAPAN transformed
Rapid industrialization took place (with a mix of government & private ownership).
Railroads were built and urban areas became more “modern”
Japanese Imperialism Japan gained control of Korea. Japan defeated China to take
control of Taiwan (1894) Japan defeated Russia to take
control of Manchuria (1905).
Japanese Imperialism 1860-1914
JAPAN TRANSFORMED~
CHANGES-• New dynasty – Meiji Period began• From a Closed economy to
Industrial Power• From Traditional to Modern –
Culture, Economy, Military• Isolated nation-state to Imperial
Power
CAUSES
• Outside pressure• Japanese leadership decided
to change – use the West as a model
Which of the following statements best describes the main message of this cartoon?
A. Russia was bigger than Japan
B. Japan defeated Russia in a struggle for control of parts of East Asia
C. In WWI, Japan’s military was better than the Russian military
D. France supported Japan in its battles against Russia over territory in Manchuria
