Osteoporosis 2016 | Pregnancy associated osteoporosis: Dr Ashok Bhalla #osteo2016
Osteoporosis : Global Problem
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Transcript of Osteoporosis : Global Problem
4
Why Are Healthy Bones Important?
• Strong bones support us and allow us to move
• Bones are a storehouse for vital minerals
• Strong bones protect our heart, lungs, brain and other organs
10
• After mid-30’s, you begin to slowly lose bone mass.
• Women lose bone mass faster after menopause.
• Men lose bone mass too.
ButIn 2013 studies were made again & what the Result they got…were totally unimaginable People suffered by Osteoporosis reached to ……
In most Western countries, the peak incidence of osteoporosis occurs at about 70-80 years of age,
BUT
Osteoporotic Fractures:Comparison with Other Diseases
1996 new cases,all ages184 300
750 000 vertebral
250 000 other sites
250 000forearm
250 000hip
0
500
1000
1500
2000
Osteoporotic Fractures
HeartAttack
Stroke BreastCancer
An
nu
al in
cid
ence
x 1
00
0
1 500 000
Annual incidenceall ages
513 000
annual estimatewomen 29+
228 000
annual estimatewomen 30+
All fractures are Associated With Morbidity
Cooper C, Am J Med, 1997;103(2A):12S-17S
40%
Unable to walk independently
30%
Permanentdisability
20%
Death within one year
80%
Unable to carry out at least one independent activity of daily living
Age/ Getting older Having a family history of osteoporosis Estrogens & testosterone hormone deficiency Female sex After Menopause in Female Low Calcium /Vitamin D Intake Alcohol consumption Smoking Low body weight Long Use of Steroids medication Low sun exposure Poor or lack of exercise Sedentary lifestyle/ Prolonged immobilisation
Daily vitamin D needs in International Units (IU)
Age
600 IU
200 IU
400 IU
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
up to 50 51-70 over 70
IU
Medications Available for
Post-Menopausal Osteoporosis
• Actonel® (risedronate sodium tablets)
• Didrocal® (etidronate sodium tablets)
• Fosamax® (alendronate sodium tablets)
• Aclasta ® (zolendronate IV)
• Estrogen (some use)
• Evista® (raloxifene HCl)
• Miacalcin® (calcitonin salmon) Nasal Spray
• Forteo (Teriparatide) (sc)
• Consult with your physician to determine what medication may be best for
you
Diagnostic criteria* Classification
T is above or equal to -1 Normal
T is between -1 and -2.5 Osteopenia (low
bone mass)
T is -2.5 or lower Osteoporosis
T is -2.5 or lower + fx = Severe or est.
osteoporosis
*Measured in "T scores." T score indicates the number of standard deviations below or above the average peak bone mass in young adults.
WHO Criteria for Diagnosis of Bone Status
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Vitamin D from sunlight exposure
• Vitamin D is manufactured in your skin following direct exposure to sun.
• Amount varies with time of day, season, latitude and skin pigmentation.
• 10–15 minutes exposure of hands, arms and face 2–3 times/week may be sufficient (depending on skin sensitivity).
• Clothing, sunscreen, window glass and pollution reduce amount produced.
Source: National Osteoporosis Foundation Web site; retrieved July 2005 at http://www.nof.org
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Vitamin D necessary for calcium absorption
• Choose a supplement with vitamin D unless obtaining vitamin D from other sources.
• Follow age group recommendation. Avoid goingover a daily combined total of 2,000 IU or 50 mcg from foodand supplements.
• It’s not necessary to consume calcium and vitamin D at the same time to get the benefit of enhanced calcium absorption.
Vitamin D is like a key that unlocks the doorand lets calciuminto the body.
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Limit calcium to 500 mg at a time
Our bodies can best handle about 500 mg calcium at one time from food and/or supplements.
Spread your calcium sources throughout the day.
500 mg