Organizations: Graduate School of Science Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences
description
Transcript of Organizations: Graduate School of Science Division of Earth and Planetary Sciences
Organizations:Graduate School of Science
Division of Earth and Planetary SciencesInstitute for Geothermal SciencesWorld Data Center for Geomagnetism
Radio Science Center for Space and Atmosphere (RASC)Disaster Prevention Research Institute (DPRI)
Leader: Shigeo YODEN (Professor of Meteorology)Member: 30 Professors
MEXT the 21st Century COE Program KKyoto Univ. yoto Univ. AActive ctive GGeosphere eosphere
IInvestigations:nvestigations:a new interdisciplinary approacha new interdisciplinary approach
to the Earth sciences from Asia and to the Earth sciences from Asia and OceaniaOceania
Category : Mathematics, Physics, and Earth Science
To establish a world-standard group for research and education on the “Active Geosphere”, based on Asia and Oceania where is the most active region
To create a new interdisciplinary “Active Geosphere Science” as a contemporary earth science, by expanding our field research mainly in Asia and Oceania further
Active Geosphere varies with time-scales of human activities, O( 1 sec) ~ O(103years), and covers the regions that are important for the sustainable coexistence of human beings on the earth, from the lithosphere to the upper atmosphere.
Purposes
History over 80 years :
many distinguished earth scientists Records of ourselves(30 professors) : prizes, publications, citations, members of international/national committees, editors of international journals
International Space Simulation School (1982,1990,1997) at RASC
Research
Leading scientists : PhD degree: 61/year People with professional knowledge : active in many areas in the world Mobility and openness of faculty : research activity in abroad, professors, visiting professors/scientists International education : PhD degree for 55 students from abroad in the past 15 years, lectures/seminars in English, International symposiums/schools
Education
Research and education activities until now
Field survey/observations mainly in Asia and OceaniaEarth observations with advanced technology Data analyses with contemporary computing facilitiesNumerical experiments with contemporary computing
facilitiesNovel laboratory experiments
Research activities for the present purposes
Numerical experiment oncumulus convection ( Satomura, 1998 )
Fault-survey in Papua-Newginia ( Mori , 2000 )
Access to the World Data Center
for Geomagnetism of Kyoto Univ.
.com11%
unknown20%
EU9%
US 29%
Japan ・Asia
31%
105 points
RASC Equatorial Atmospheric Radar in West Sumatra, Indonesia ( 2001 ~)
Superconducting Gravimeter :Bandung, Indonesia ( 1997 ~)
International research collaborations
Survey &observation abroad : 336
International projects :182
300,000/month
Variations of the Active Geosphere have time scales : 1 sec ~ several thousand years spatial coverage : lithosphere ~ upper atmosphere
Variations of the Active Geosphere have time scales : 1 sec ~ several thousand years spatial coverage : lithosphere ~ upper atmosphere
← F
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Interdisciplinary approach
Disciplines of Earth Science Interdisciplinary approach
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Basic plan
Aeronomy
Geodesy Atmospheric Sciences
Geology Ocean Sciences
Mineralogy
Seismology
Geothermal Sciences
Research groups
“Water and heat flows”Key processes in material and energy circulations
in the Active Geosphere
“Water and heat flows”Key processes in material and energy circulations
in the Active Geosphere
Scientific theme through the program
Scientific theme through the program
Admin. : Leading J1‐J3 and K1‐K2
International symposia/education program
Admin. : Leading J1‐J3 and K1‐K2
International symposia/education program
J1 : Water and heat flows in
the S-A-O-L coupled system
J2 : Water and heat flows in
the lithosphere
J3 : Coupling between solid earth and liquid earth
K2
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J1: Water and heat flows in the S-A-O-L coupled system
(a) Cumulus convections ‐ MJO ‐ Monsoon ‐ ENSO
Water vapor in the upper troposphere ( Shiotani , 200
2 )
Giant cumulus convection in NW Australia ( Tsuda , 2001 )
(b) Coupled variations among lower, middle, and upper atmospheres
Monsoon climate modeling ( Yoden ・ Kitoh , 2003 )
Advanced assimilation of oceanic data ( Awaji , 2003 )
ENSOENSO
Monsoon
Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean
Tropical Tropopause Layer
Upper atmosphere
Liquid distribution at 30 km depth estimated with seismic-wave tomography ( Nakanishi ,2003 )
J2: Water and heat flows in the lithosphere
1 mm
Phn
Phn
Grt CpxCoeHigh-pressure metamorphic rock with crystallized water ( Hirajima , 2002 )
Mt. Aso Stromboli-typeEruption ( Inst. Geotherm. Sci. )
Upliftingmetamorphic rocks
Subsidingmetamorphic rocks
Ongoing metamorphic process
Earthquake mechanismalong active faults
Circulation ofgeothermal fluid
(a) Earthquake mechanism
and tectonics (b) Water and heat flows around plate boundaries
Exp. on deformation of rocks in high pressure ( Shimamoto , 1998 )
J3: Coupling between solid earth and liquid earth
Crustal movement
Sea surface variation
Sea level variation
(a) Crustal movement and sea level variation in island arcs and continents
(b) Integrated analyses of multiple time-scale variations
Strata in Chiba recording Kuroshio variations about 700,000 years ago ( Masuda , 2003 )
Core sample of sedimentary layers at the bottom of Lake Suigetsu ( Takemura , 2003 )
Time variation of gravity due to underground water variation ( Takemoto , 2002 )
Bandung2001 年 7 月
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K 1 : High-technology observations and overseas satellite offices
(a) Research and development of high-technology observations
(b) Overseas satellite offices for research and education
Standard network of absolute gravity ( Takemoto , 2001 )
( Tsuda & Fukuda , 2002 )
Global environment watch by GPS satellites
Kamioka100m Laser Interferometer system (Takemoto , 2003 )
Equatorial Atmospheric Radar Observatory ( RASC, 2001 ~)
K2: Integrations of information and numerical models
(a) Portal for the Active Geosphere investigations
(b) Hierarchy of numerical models for public use
A-KDK computer system ( RASC, 1998 ~)
area models developerupper atm. plasma-particle RASC Omura global electromagnetic S MachidaAtmosphere A-O-L GCM S Kida 3D global MCM S Yoden NH meso-scale model S SatomuraOcean primitive OCM S Akitomo A-O coupled GCM S AwajiSolid Earth inv.problem for geomag. DPRI Oshiman inv.problem for seismol. S KugeGFD 2D, 3D many types S Yoden
area models developerupper atm. plasma-particle RASC Omura global electromagnetic S MachidaAtmosphere A-O-L GCM S Kida 3D global MCM S Yoden NH meso-scale model S SatomuraOcean primitive OCM S Akitomo A-O coupled GCM S AwajiSolid Earth inv.problem for geomag. DPRI Oshiman inv.problem for seismol. S KugeGFD 2D, 3D many types S Yoden
World Data Center for Geomagnetism
provides a virtual “melting pot of scientists”
for all over the world
Letter from Bandung Inst. Tech. on satellite office ( April 4, 2003 )
from point to surface ( AO )
OverseasBudget plan
Out resources: grants from MEXT, etc. ( 100 ~ 200 M Yen/
year )
6-year program from 2004: apply for infrastructure and hardware
Preparation
Preliminary meeting with Dr. J. Sopaheluwakan of LIPIin March 2003
AustraliaAdelaide Univ.
ThailandChulalongkorn Univ.
IndonesiaBandung Inst. Tech.
Kyoto Univ.
satellite office field observation point
ChinaChinese Academy of Sciences
COE budget :
FY2003 130 M Yen
FY2004 ~ 290 M Yen (in proposal)
14%
22%
31%
33%
Foster Young Scientists
Research
InternationalRes. & Edu.
Others
Foster plan of young students
as leading scientists and teachers
in the new field of Active Geosphere
COE research fellow ( incl. post doc. ) creation of a new field of Active Geosphere
Promotion of young scientists
all fields of Active Geosphere summer school ( ~ 2 weeks) every year at Bandung Inst. Tech. or Chulalongkorn Univ. travel fund for ~ 30 students from Asia and Oceania including 3 ~ 6 Japanese Long-term exchange program
will also be considered
A.G. InternationalEducation Program
association with the research program Active Geosphere International Education Program a new type of education system for next generation graduate school
Education plan
Needs for fundamental understanding of the Active Geosphere : increase of interdisciplinary approach in the Earth science increase of interests on the nature close to ourselves in school education increase of societal actions to environmental and disaster-prevention issues
Field training of meteorological obs. ( DPRI ・ Shionomisaki )
Development of a new type of education system
for next generation graduate school
To respond to these societal needs : two-way education system with internet intensive field training course for a short period
Field training ofMeteorological obs.( RASC ・ EAR )
Creation of Active Geosphere Science from Asia and Oceania and education on Active Geosphere Science Promotion of contemporary earth science by organizing a melting pot of scientists Important role as a prognostic earth science for settlement of global environmental issues
Scientific contributions & societal impacts
Goals
1. Creation of Active Geosphere Science
2. The newest scientific results from Asia and Oceania
3. A COE which ranks with the best international institutions
生物多様性の統合に関する西太平洋 アジア・
研究教育拠点
生物多様性の統合に関する西太平洋 アジア・
研究教育拠点
世界を先導する総合的地域研究教育拠点(アジア・アフリカ)
世界を先導する総合的地域研究教育拠点(アジア・アフリカ)
地球科学のアジア・地球科学のアジア・オセアニア研究教育拠点オセアニア研究教育拠点
地球科学のアジア・地球科学のアジア・オセアニア研究教育拠点オセアニア研究教育拠点
京都大学 海外フィールド研究 フォーラムアジアにおける海外拠点作り
本拠点形成に関係する研究教育組織
京都大学の将来構想における申請拠点の位置付け
宙空電波科学研究センター
宙空電波科学研究センター 理学研究科理学研究科 防災研究所防災研究所
先端的研究成果を世界に発信先端的研究成果を世界に発信
国際的研究ネットワークの形成国際的研究ネットワークの形成
先端的研究成果を世界に発信先端的研究成果を世界に発信
国際的研究ネットワークの形成国際的研究ネットワークの形成
地球科学分野における世界最重要のフィールド 『アジア オセアニア』・
タイ、インドネシア等で国際シンポジウム、研修、集中講義、セミナー等を 1988 年より継続開催
K1-J1赤道大気の現地研究
K1-J1赤道大気の現地研究
インドネシアで 水蒸気、オゾン、 大気波動の気球 観測 (1990~ )
中層大気のレーダー・光学装置長期連続観測 (1992~ )
タイで モンスーンによる降水の国際共同観測 (1995~ )
中国・ゴビ沙漠、チベット ; 境界層観測 ( 1989~)
熱帯域積雲対流の国際協同観測 (2001 ~ )
②
①
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バングラデシュ 夏期モンスーン期の豪雨観測 ( 1991~)
大気波動の南北半球間の共役点観測(信楽-アデレイド) (1977~ )
東太平洋域での物質輸送の船舶観測 (2001)
③
気球観測
船舶観測① 武漢大、中国科学院② チュラロンコン大③ バンドン工科大④ アデレイド大
① 武漢大、中国科学院② チュラロンコン大③ バンドン工科大④ アデレイド大
COE で開設予定の海外サテライトオフィス
赤道大気レーダー総合観測所( 2001~)
境界層観測
インバージョンで求めたすべり分布(MORI, 2002 )
K1-J2水の影響に着目した地震の発生機構解明
K1-J2水の影響に着目した地震の発生機構解明
1999年9月台湾集集地震を突破口とした総合的地震研究
1999年9月台湾集集地震を突破口とした総合的地震研究
活断層路頭調査と掘削コア現地調査と物質科学的解析による断層の実体把握
地震・地殻変動地震波インバージョンによる断層運動の解析
理論・シミュレーション実測された物性値を用いて地震現象を再現
断層運動の再現(京大: 7 m/s, ブラウン大: 0.1 m/s )
(MORI, 1999 )
室内実験: 変形透水実験高速摩擦試験機による断層の性質決定
Chlung-pu 断層の露頭(嶋本, 2002 )
Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, IUGG )およびAsia Pacific Geodynamics Project (APSP, IAG)の中心メンバーとして、超伝導重力計と絶対重力計を用いた重力場の時間的変化の研究を主導: * 野外測定、データ交換、データ処理 * ジオダイナミクス、地球内部物理学の国際共同研究
Global Geodynamics Project (GGP, IUGG )およびAsia Pacific Geodynamics Project (APSP, IAG)の中心メンバーとして、超伝導重力計と絶対重力計を用いた重力場の時間的変化の研究を主導: * 野外測定、データ交換、データ処理 * ジオダイナミクス、地球内部物理学の国際共同研究
協定覚書 (1997 年 8 月 )インドネシア火山調査所( VSI ) 「超伝導重力計を用いたバンドンにおける精密重力観測」
主な研究成果 大陸地殻に対する 島弧の変動 中国北部の地下水 汲み上げと重力変
化
主な研究成果 大陸地殻に対する 島弧の変動 中国北部の地下水 汲み上げと重力変
化
協定覚書 (2002 年 5 月 )中国科学院測量及び地球物理研究所(武漢) 「超伝導重力計及び絶対重力計を用いた東アジアの精密重力観測」
超伝導重力計と絶対 重力計の比較観測点 国際重力基準網( IGSN71) または国際絶対重力基準 網( IAGBN) の重力基準点 その他の重力基準点
COE サテライトオフィスバンドン工大( VSI も
教育研究に参画)
COE サテライトオフィス武漢大(中国科学院
の研究者が併任教授)
赤道域唯一の超伝導重力計
K1-J3東アジア・西太平洋域の絶対重力基準網の確立
(代表: 竹本修三教授)
K1-J3東アジア・西太平洋域の絶対重力基準網の確立
(代表: 竹本修三教授)