Organizational Beh-chapter 1

8/4/2019 Organizational Beh-chapter 1

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ORGANIZATIONALBEHAVIOR

CHAPTER-1


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ORGANIZATION & BEHAVIOROrganizational Behavior has two words in itOrganization and Behavior ORGANIZATION :-A consciously coordinated socialunit, composed of two or more people, that functions on

a relatively continuous basis to achieve common goal orset of goals.BEHAVIOR- Actions or reactions of an object ororganism, usually in relation to the environment.Behavior can be conscious or unconscious, overt (open)or covert (hidden), and voluntary or involuntary. Thebehavior of people falls within a range with some


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Cont..behaviors being common, some unusual, some

acceptable, and some outside acceptable limits.In short, Behavior means to act in certain way in thegiven situations .Who creates an organization?- An individual orgroup of people who believe that they possessnecessary skills and knowledge in order to form anorganization to produce goods & services.


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WHY DO WE STUDY OB?To learn about yourself & how to deal with others.

To know that you are part of organization and willcontinue to be part of various organizations.To know about individuals & group of people working

together in teams.To study the expected behavior of an individual in theorganization. As we know that no two individuals arelikely to behave in the same manner in a particular work situation.To know about Cause and effect relationship which playsan important role in how an individual is likely to behave

in a particular situation and its impact on productivity.


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FOUNDATIONS OF OBIt depends on following steps:-

1. Individual difference2. Whole person3. Behavior of individual4. Human dignity5. Social systems6. Mutuality of interests7. Holistic concept


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Cont..1. Individual difference:-

- People have much thing in common i.e they becameexcited by the arrival of new child in the family or theygrieved by the loss of dear ones.

- Each person in this world is individually different inseveral ways whether it is intelligence, personality,orany other trait.

- Idea of difference comes from Psychology. From the

day of birth each person is unique & individualdifference after birth makes people even more different.

- It is because of individual differences , OB begins withthe individual &ends with him . Only an individual


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Cont..

Can take responsibility & make decisions, a group by

nature cannot do. It is therefore said that a group is powerless until individuals therein act.

2. Whole person:- When a person is appointed his/ herskills are not hired, but his/her background, likes/ dislikes etc are also hired. Person personal life cannotbe separated from his professional. For this reason aperson should have proper work life balance. They

should not only strive hard to develop a better employeeout of a worker but also a better person in terms of growth & fulfillment.


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Cont..3. Behavior of Individual:- Behavior of an individual is

caused & not random. Its behavior is directed towardssome one that the employees believes right/ wrong inhis/her interests. Thus when a person comes late to officeor abuses the boss there is some cause behind it.

4. Human dignity:- This concept is different from other 3,because it is more ethical approach than scientificconclusion. It tells us that people are supposed to betreated in different manner rather than other factors of

production as they are of higher order in universe. Theyshould be treated with respect & dignity. Every jobhowever simple done by the common people should getrespect & recognition for their skills & abilities.


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Cont..5. Social systems:- Organizations are social systems as it

consists of human relationships interacting in many ways.It consists of all people from different backgrounds. As itis social systems their activities are governed by social aswell as psychological laws. Two types of social systems

exist in an organization:- Formal & Informal. It furtherstates that organizational environment is one of thedynamic changes rather than static..

6. Mutuality of interest:- It is presented by the statement that organizations needs people & people needsorganization. They are formed on the basis of mutualinterest among them. People watch organizations as ameans for them to achieve goals, while at the same time


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Cont..Organizations need people to attained their objectives.If it lacks then organizations will never develop & growth

is impossible.7. Holistic concept:- When above 6 concepts are placed

together a holistic concept emerges. It tells about people

& organizations relationship in terms of whole person,whole organizations, & whole social systems.


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DEFINITIONSOrganizational behavior is a field of study that

investigates the impact that individuals, groups andorganizational structure have on behavior within theorganization, for the purpose of applying suchknowledge towards improving an organizationaleffectiveness. The above definition has three main elements; firstorganizational behavior is an investigative study of

individuals and groups, second, the impact of organizational structure on human behavior and thethird, the application of knowledge to achieveorganizational effectiveness.


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CONT..According to Robbins , OB is concerned with the

study of the what people do in an organization & howthat behavior affects the performance of theorganizations. According to Luthans , OB is concerned withunderstanding, predicting & controlling human

behavior in the organization.To sum up it comprises with individual behavior,

group behavior & the organizational itself.Understanding the subject is complete when all thethree aspects are studied carefully.


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IMPORTANCE OF OBPeople working in the organizations comes up with newhopes & dreams as well as their fears & frustrations. Suchrange of behavior makes life more confusing.It helps us to understand the workplace & to some extent

predict what people will do under various conditions.It influences organizational events. Whether one ismarketing specialist or computer programmer, he/sheneeds to know how to communicate effectively with

other & manage conflicts, make better decisions, ensurecommitments to ideas & helps teams to work effectively.It helps an person to understand himself/herself & thenothers so as to improve interpersonal relations.


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Cont..A manger in an establishement is always concerned withgetting things done through delegations. They can getsuccess when they can motivate their subordinates towork for better results.It helps in maintaining sound Industrial Relations. OB

helps to understand the cause of the problems, predict itscourse of action & control its consequences.OB is also useful in the field of marketing; because it hasto understand the human nature in order to sale products.The most popular reason to study OB is that the reader isinterested in pursuing career in management & wants tolearn how to predict behavior & apply it in some

meaningful way to make organizations more effective.


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SCOPE OF OBThe scope of the organizational behavior is as under:

(a) Impact of personality on performance(b) Employee motivation(c) Leadership

(d) How to create effective teams and groups.(e) Study of different organizational structures(f) Individual behavior, attitude and learning

(g) Perception(h) Design and development of effective organization(i) Job design


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CONT..(j) Impact of culture on organizational behavior

(k) Management of change(l) Management of conflict and stress(m) Organizational development

(n) Organizational culture(o) Group behavior, power and politics(p) Job design(q) Study of emotions(r) Study of Feelings


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FIVE MODELS OF OB

AUTOCRATIC(FIRST)

CUSTODIAL(SECOND )

SUPPORTIVE(THIRD)

COLLEGIAL(FOURTH)

SOBC(FIFTH)


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AUTOCRATIC MODELDepends on power. Those who are in command must have power

to demand- you do this or else. meaning that an employeewho does not follow orders will be penalized.In an autocratic environment the managerial orientation isformal, official authority. This authority is delegated by right of command over the people to it applies.Under autocratic environment the employee is obedience to aboss, not respect for a manager.The psychological result for employees is dependence on their

boss, whose power to hire, fire, and perspire them is almostabsolute.Thus, the employee need that is met is subsistence (less forsurvival) & hence overall performance is low/minimal.


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CUSTODIAL MODELThe basis of this model is economic resources with a managerialorientation of money.The employees in turn are oriented towards security and benefitsand dependence on the organization.The employee need that is met is security. It leads to employeedependence on the organization. Rather than being dependence ontheir boss for their weekly bread, employees now depend onorganizations for their security and welfare.Employees working in a custodial environment becomepsychologically preoccupied with their economic rewards and

benefits.As a result of their treatment, they are well maintained andcontended. However, contentment (satisfaction)does notnecessarily produce strong motivation; it may produce only

passive cooperation.


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SUPPORTIVE MODELThe supportive model depends on leadership instead of power

or money. Through leadership, management provides a climateto help employees grow and accomplish in the interests of theorganization the things of which they are capable.The employees in turn are oriented towards job performanceand participation.Psychological result is a feeling of participation and task involvement in the organization.Employees may say we instead of they

Employees are strongly motivated because their status andrecognition needs are better met, thus they have awakeneddrive for work.


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COLLEGIAL MODELA useful extension of the supportive model is the collegial model.The term collegial relates to a body of people working together cooperatively.The basis of this model is partnership with a managerial orientationof teamwork.The result is that the employees feel needed anduseful.For example employees produce quality work not becausemanagement tells them to do so or because the inspector will catchthem if they do not, but because they feel inside themselves anobligation to provide others with high quality. They also feel an

obligation to uphold quality standards that will bring credit to their jobs and company.The employees in turn are oriented towards responsible behaviorand self-discipline.

CONT


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CONT..The employee need that is met is self-actualization.Employees normally feel some degree of fulfillment, worthwhile

contribution, and self-actualization.This self-actualization will lead to moderate enthusiasm inperformance.


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SOBC MODELS-O-B-C stands for Stimulus, Organism(a person), Behavior andConsequence.For example :-I will define each part and give an example of itseperatelyStimulus : is any event that happens in the environment, it can be asound(like someone shouting) a scene(a car accident, a fight.etc...), events(like recieving a paycheck).Organism : is a person, nothing more can be said about this, so inOB you can consider that to be an employee or an employer.Behavior : the organism behavior and response in regards to thestimulus( for example a child(Organism) may hit(Behavior) hisbrother after seeing a violent movie(Stimulus).Consequence: is the the outcome that comes after the behavior, iteither reinforces(thus repeated) the behavior or punished(thus notrepeated).


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CONT..

Consequence : is the outcome that comes after the behavior, it

either reinforces(thus repeated) the behavior or punished(thusnot repeated). In the child example previously mentioned, hismother can reprimand (Consequence: punishment) him fordoing what he did.


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THANK-YOU

Organizational Beh-chapter 1

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