Organisational Structure Mcrhrd Final

7/29/2019 Organisational Structure Mcrhrd Final

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- Dr. C. VIJAYA RAGHAVACHARYULU


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A federal republic with a parliamentarysystem of government capital: New Delhi


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28 states and 7 centrally administered UnionTerritories Relatively centralized federal government controls the most essentialgovernment functions

defense foreign policy taxation public expenditures economic (industrial) planning


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State governments formally controlagricultureeducation law and order within statesdependent on central governmentfor funds


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Balance of power between Central and StateGovernments varies by time and place State power was constrained during the rule of Nehru and IndiraGandhi

State Governments have more room tomaneuver when Central Government is weak since 1998


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considerable center-state conflictwhen ruling political party in astate is different from nationalruling party


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Formal political structure of the statesparallels that of the national government National State President Governor Prime Minister Chief Minister Parliament Assembly Supreme Court High Court


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Parliamentary system of government the executive authority is responsible to the

Parliament


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bicameral Parliament Rajya Sabha (Council of States) Lok Sabha (House of the People)


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The Upper House


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Rajya Sabha (Council of States) not more than 250 members

12 are nominated by the President of India the rest are indirectly elected

by state Legislative Assemblies The Council of States can not be dissolved

members have terms of 6 years 1/3 members retire at end of every 2nd year


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House of thePeople


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Lok Sabha (House of the People) 545 members

2 are appointed by the President of India the rest are directly elected from single-memberdistricts

5-year terms unless dissolved Lok Sabha elects its presiding officer

the Speaker


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President

Vice President

Prime MinisterCouncil of Ministers

Minister Minister Minister

Secretary

Additional Secretary

Joint Secretary


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Leader of the majority party leader in LokSabha becomes the prime minister

prime minister nominates a cabinet members of Parliament in the ruling coalition

Council of Ministers

effective power is concentrated in the officeof the prime minister where most of the important policies originate


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38 years in the Nehru-Gandhi family more and more rapid turnover


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Head of the State Commander-in-Chief of the armed forces

elected by an electoral college national Parliament

state legislature

5-year terms

can be re elected


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Ceremonial office symbolize national unity

supposedly above partisan politics

mostly acts on the advice of the prime

minister President plays a significant role when the

selection of a prime minister is complex in 1998 President requested BJP to form govt.


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Fundamental contradiction in constitution principle of parliamentary sovereignty

principle of judicial review


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judiciary tries to preserve the constitutionsbasic structure

to ensure that legislation conforms with theintent of the constitution

parliament tries to assert its right to amendthe constitution


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Governor

Chief MinisterCouncil of Ministers

Minister Minister Minister

Secretary

Additional Secretary

Joint Secretary


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District Collector

Regulatory Administration Development administration

Law and order

Land administration

Tax collection

Coordination


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Big cities have City Corporations. Cities have City Municipal Committees. Towns have- Town Municipal Committees. All these are elected bodies. Administration iscarried out by an appointed Chief Executivewho is answerable to the elected bodies. Their main role is to provide civic amenities to

the citizens. Their main source of revenue is local tax, andfunds received from the State Government.


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Zila Parishads

Block Panchayats

Village Panchayats

Gram Sabhas

At District level

At Block Level

For a group of villages

All adult members of avillage

Their main role is to function as a local self government

They provide civic amenities

They carry out Developmental works.

They can levy some taxes


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The public administrative system in India hasa long history. Kingdoms existed in Indiaseveral hundred years B.C. In the earlier era the civil servants performed

the role of servants of the king. (KautilyasArthshastra describes the civil service of thosedays and lays down various norms 300 B.C. to1000 A.D) During the medieval period they became Stateservants. The land revenue system wasestablished during the Moghul period. The East Indian Company has a civil service tocarry out their commercial functions.


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During the British rule they started asservants to the Crown, but gradually theystarted becoming Public Servants. TheBritish government set up the Indian civilservice, primarily with the objective ofstrengthening the British administration inthe UK.

In this period the role of the civil serviceswas to further the British interest, and therole was totally regulatory. Later on theyassumed development roles also.

After the coming into force of theConstitution, the public services as we seetoday came into being.

Evolution of the Indian administrative system


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The civil service system is the backbone of theadministrative machinery of the country. The civil service system in post-independent India wasreorganised. At the central level, the civil services include the All-

India services, namely the Indian Administrative Service,the Indian Forest Service, and the Indian Police Service. There are various central services like the Indian IncomeTax Service, Indian Railway Services etc. There are three tiers of administration-Union

Government, State Governments and the Localgovernments. The State Governments have their own set of services.


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Constitutional protection. Political neutrality. Permanency. Anonymity Merit based recruitment Recruitment by a Constitutional Authorities-thePublic Service Commissions.


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Globalisation. Increasing disparities. Transformation of the world into a globalvillage. Deregulation and privatization trends. Increasing awareness about human rights. State formerly interventionist, producer,regulator and seller now called upon to be afacilitator, promoter, and partner. Emergence of powerful technologicalsolutions-computers and IT. Increasing expectations from theGovernments to perform.


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Administrative reforms have been necessitatedbecause of: Change in the role of the Government. Changing environment. Rising aspirations of the people. Improving efficiency and effectiveness.

The administrative machinery of any country cannot be bereft of its

social, cultural, political and economic conditions. Since

independence, India has witnessed major developments in the socialand the economic fields. The Government today is no longer playing

the traditional role of a regulator. Its role evolved to that of a

promoter and then to that of a facilitator and service provider.


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Several Commissions and Committees havegone into the subject, and suggested variousmeasures. Major reforms have been broughtabout based on the recommendations of these.Some of the important studies/reports are asfollows: Report on Reorganisation of the Machinery ofGovernment (1949) by Mr. Goplaswami Ayyangar. It recommended that the Central Ministriesbe bunched into Bureaus.

(contd)


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The Gorwala Committee appointed by the PlanningCommission.It gave a general report on Public Administartion

Paul H. Appleby submitted two reports on IndianAdministrationThe O & M organisation and the Indian Institute ofPublic Administration were set up as a result of therecdommendations.

The Committee on Prevention of Corruption was ser upunder chairmanship of Mr. K .Santhanam (MP).The Central Vigilance Commission was set up.

(contd)


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The First Administrative Reforms Commission(ARC) was set up in 1966. The ARC set up 20 study teams, 13 workinggroups and 1 Task Force. It gave 20 Reports making a total of 581recommendations in a period spread over1966-70


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It gave Reports on the following subjects:Machinery of Government of India and its procedures.Personnel Administration.Redress of Citizens Grievances.Centre-State Relations.State Administration.Administration of Union Territories.Machinery for Planning.Economic Administration.Finance, Accounts and Audit.Delegation of Financial and Administrative Powers.Railways.Post and Telegraph Etc.


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Committee on Rcruitment Policy and SelectionMethods (D.S.Kothari)-1976 The Commission on Centre-State Relations(Sarkaria)-1983. The Fourth Central Pay Commission Report-1986 The Committee to Review the Scheme of the CivilServices Examination (Satish Chandra, 1989) The Economic Administration Reforms Commission. The Fifth Pay Commission (1993) Surendra Naths Committee Report (2003) Committee on Civil Services Reforms.


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Constituted on 31st August 2005 Objective: To prepare a detailed blueprintfor revamping the public administrationsystem


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The Second Administrative ReformsCommission Terms of Reference: The Commission will inter-alia consider

the following1. Organisational structure of the Govt. of India.2. Ethics in Governance.3. Refurbishing of Personnel Administration.4. Strengthening of Financial Management Systems.5. Steps to ensure effective administration at the State level.6. Steps to ensure effective District Administration.7. Local Self-Government/Panchayati Raj Institutions.8. Social Capital, Trust and participative service delivery.9. Citizen Centric Administration.10. Promoting e-governance.11. Issues of Federal Polity.12. Crisis Management.13. Public Order.


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A set of subjects is selected by the Commission forstudy. Eminent National Institutions are requested to carry

out studies of the subject and help theCommission. The Commission carries out Public Hearings. The Commission carries out deliberations with all

stakeholders. Detailed consultations with the State Government. The Commission carries out field visits in order toassess the ground realities.


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Four areas have been taken up for study in thefirst phase. The final recommendations in all these four areaswould be submitted by March 06. The four areas are1.Effective implementation of Right to Information Act.

2.Crisis management3.Public Order.4.Implementation of the National Rural EmploymentGuarantee Scheme.


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Organisational Structure Mcrhrd Final

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