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contents

StructureofaSeed

Gymnospermsvs.Angiosperms

SeedGrowthandDevelopment

SeedGermination

FactorsAffectingSeedGermination

StepsinSeedGermination

SavingSeeds

TipsonSavingSeedsofdifferentorganicplants

Tomatoes/Beans/Pepper/Squash/Cucumber/Lettuce/Ok ra/Watermelon/Sunflower

CHAPTER1

Introduction

Youhavesurelyseenandmaybeyouvealsoplantedorhaveeatensomeofitbefore,buthowmuchdoyouknowaboutthesetinybutcomplexlivingthingsknownasseeds?Justimaginehowthislittleseedscangrowupanddeveloptobesomegreat,talltreesorevenbecomethesmallestshruborplantwhichproducesflowersandfruitsandotherediblefoodforourconsumption.Wonderfulisntit?

Seedsaretiny,maturedovuleofaplantandencasedinaseedcoatforitsprotection.Itcontainsanembryoandhassomestoredfoodinside.Thedevelopmentofseedsinseedplants completes the reproduction process. Seeds are capable of propagation thats why these areusuallysownforthepurposeofgrowingnewcrops.

Theimportanceofseedsisevidentnotjustonhowithelpscropcultivation,butalso on the spread of seed plants in different biological niches like grasslands, forests, jungles,savannas,etc.Apartfromthis,someseedspeciescanbeeaten.Examplesofedibleseedsare:grains,beansandnuts.Theseseedsformpartofhealthydietforhumans.Seedscanalsobemadeasoilorvinegars.

Thisdocumentwillfocusonseedsanditsdevelopmentandmoreimportantly,onthedifferenttipsortechniquesinensuringdevelopmentoftheseedstoseedlings.Forthischapter,thefocuswillbeonthebasicsregardingseedanditspropagation.

StructureofaSeed

Forbetterunderstandingofaseedanditsdevelopment,itsdifferentpartsmustbediscussed.

Therearethreepartsofaseed:

(1)Seedcoat;

(2)Endospermand;

(3)Embryowhichcontainsthecotyledon,radicle,hypocotyl,epicotylandthe

plumule.

Theseedcoatistheprotectivecoveroftheseedfrompossibleattacksofinsects,fungiorbacteria.Theendospermisthestorednutrientsandfoodsupplyneededforthegrowthoftheembryotoaseedling.Theembryoistheimmatureplantwhichwillgrowtoaseedling;itsdifferentpartsare:

(1)Cotyledontheseedleaf,itwillbecomethefirstleavesoftheseedling;

(2)Radicletherootoftheembryowhichwouldlaterdevelopastherootsoftheplant;

(3)Hypocotylandepicotylthestemoftheembryo;

(4)Plumuletheshootoftheembryo.

Gymnospermsvs.Angiosperms

Gymnospermsarevascularplantswhichproducesseedsprotectedbywoodycones instead of fruits. Gymnosperms is the Greek term of naked seed, relevant to the cone-containing seeds. Gymnosperms are usually represented by coniferous trees like pines, firs,ginkgoes, spruces, cedars, and redwoods.Gymnosperms do not have flowers and their leaves areretainedthroughouttheyear.

Ontheotherhand,angiospermsareplantswhichproduceflowersandthereforefruits. The seeds are contained in the fruit. Angiosperms have two types: monocots and dicots.Monocots have only one cotyledonswith flowers inmultiples of three (e.g. grasses, corns)whiledicotshavetwocotyledonswithflowersinmultiplesof4-5(e.g.oak,roses).

SeedGrowthandDevelopment

SeedDormancy

Beforeenteringthegerminationphase,seedsundergothestateofdormancy.Dormancy is thestatewherein thegerminationprocess is suspendedbecauseofvariousconditionswithin or outside the seeds. Seeddormancy is an important phase because it provides time for thedispersalofseedsbeforegermination.Dormancyalsoprotectstheseedsandseedlingfrompossibleharmordeathduringunfavorableweatherorfromtransientherbivores.Asidefromthese,dormancyhappenstopreventtheseedingerminatinginunfavorableexternalenvironmentlikewhentheclimateistoohotortoocold.Actually,inmanyspeciesofseeds,dormancymaytakeuptomonthsandevenyears.

Therearetwomajortypesofseeddormancy:theendogenousandexogenousdormancy.

Endogenousdormancyistheeffectoftheconditionswithintheembryoandthistypeofdormancyincludes:

(1)Physiologicaldormancywhereintherewouldntbeanyseedgerminationwhichwilloccuruntiltherequiredchemicalchangesoccurs,thefactorsthatusuallyaffectsthistypeofdormancyaretemperature,lightanddrying;

(2)Morphologicaldormancyhappenswhentheembryoof theseed isunderdeveloped,thisimmatureembryoundergoesdormancytogivetheembryothetimetofurthergrowandbefully-developed;

(3)Combineddormancyalsoknownasmorpho-physiologicaldormancy,thistypeofdormancyisthecombinationoftheprecedingtypesofdormancy

Exogenousdormancyistheeffectoftheconditionsoutsidetheembryo;thiswouldinclude:

(1)Physicaldormancyhappenswhentheseedsunabletoabsorbwaterorpreventedfromexchanginggases.

(2)Mechanicaldormancywhentheprotectivecoveringortheseedcoatoftheseedistoohardtoallowgrowthandexpansionduringgermination

(3)Chemicaldormancythesemayinvolveleachingoutofchemicalgrowthinhibitorsbynaturalfactorslikerainorsnowandothermeanslikewashingorsoakingtheseeds

SeedGermination

Germinationistheprocesswhereintheembryowithintheseedgrowsanddevelops forming a seedling.After the state of dormancywherein growth of the embryonic plantwithin the seed is prevented, growth resumes with the germination stage. Only with favorableconditions within and outside the seed will the seed undergo germination and resumes growth tobecomeaseedling.

Sowhatarethefactorsaffectingseedgermination?Itmightseemimpossible,butwithinthistinyseedsaredifferentprocesseswhichhappen.

FactorsAffectingSeedGermination

Therearecertainfactorswhichcouldaffectthegerminationofseeds,thesefactorscouldbefromtheexternalenvironmentoftheseedoritcouldbeinnatefortheseed.Externalenvironment factorswould include:water ormoisture level, oxygen, temperature and light;whileinternalfactorsmayinclude:genotype,seedvitality,dormancyandseedmaturation.

-InternalFactors

Genotype Thegeneticorhereditary factorsof a seedaffects seedgermination,itcontrolsthesizeoftheseedanditsgrowthrate.Severalstudieshaveconfirmedthataseedwithalargersizeproducesafastergerminationandemergenceofshootsandrootsbecauseitcontainsalargerreserveofnutrients.

SeedviabilityViabilityisthecapabilityofaseedtogerminate.Theissueinthisfactorishowlongwillaseedremaindormantandsoretaintheirabilitytogerminate.Usually,aperiodofdormancycharacterizesdifferentseedsandthereisaspecifictimeframefortheseseedstogerminateafterripening.Thus,iftheseseeddoesntfailstogerminatewithinthetimeframe,itmeanstheseedscannowbeconsideredasnotviable.

SeeddormancyHowlongtheseedremainsdormantaffectsseedgerminationbecausetheseedswillnotgerminateunlessitpassesthestageofdormancy.

SeedmaturationImmatureseedswillfailtogerminatethatswhyseedsneedtobematured.

-ExternalFactors

MoistureWaterisveryimportantinthegerminationofseeds.Seedsareparticularly dry and they would need to absorb enough water to resumemetabolism and growth.Absorption of water is called as imbibition which leads to the softening and breaking of theprotective covering or seed coat. The embryo then awakes and resumes growth which would beevidentwhentheseedlingcomesoutoftheseedcoatandtheleavesandrootsstartsdeveloping.

OxygenOxygenisessentialfortheseedsaerobicrespiration.Respirationisneededtoenablemetabolicprocesswithinthegerminatingseedssincethiswillbetheirmainsourceofenergywhiletheydontstillhavetheleavestoaidtheminphotosynthesis.

TemperatureDifferentspeciesofseedsgerminateatdifferentrangesoftemperature. Since temperature affect growth rates and even cellularmetabolic processeswithin aseed,variousseedswill likelygerminateonfavorableconditionswhich include temperature.Manyseeds are dependent on temperature for germination and they will only germinate when the rightrangeoftemperatureisachieved.Someseedsrequirecooltemperatureswhileothersrequirewarmtohottemperaturesforgermination.

LightMostseedsisnotreallyaffectedbylightordarknessbutitsomecases,lightcantriggergermination.Anexamplewouldbevariousspeciesofseedscommoninjunglesandforests-theywillremaindormantuntilenoughlightreachesthem.

StepsinSeedGermination

Inseedgermination,severalstagesoccurbeforeanestablishedseedlingisproduced.

1.Theimbibitionofwaterinvolvingrespiration - In thisstage, twostepsare involved:waterabsorptionandrespiration.Theseedrapidlyabsorbswaterbecauseofthetransferofwatermoleculestotheextremelydryseed.Whentheseedisalreadysaturatedwithwater,itwillnowonlyabsorblesserwaterandstartsbreakingdownstorednutrientstotransfertotheembryoaregrowingpoints.Thenextstepwouldbetherespirationwhereinuptakeofoxygenandconversiontocarbondioxideoccursforproductionofenergy.Respirationalsoinvolvesformationofenzymes.2.Enzymesystemsactivation - There will be an increase in activity of the newly formed enzymes while protein synthesisincreasesforthepreparationofthenextstage.3.Metabolismofstorednutrients - Synthesis of enzymes and proteins lead tometabolismof nutrients for the food of the embryowithintheseed,forexample,theconversionofstarchtosugarsforthegrowthoftheembryo.4.Emergenceofradicleandgrowthofseedling -Theemergenceof the radicleor theembryonic rootwillbe the first signof seedgermination.Fromthisstep, theotherpartsof theembryo like theembryonic leafwillemerge.Continuously, itgrowsleaves,stemsandrootsystemsandisnowaseedling.

CHAPTER2

SavingSeeds

Savingseedsisaprocesswhereinyouyourselfwillproducetheseedsyouneedforyourgarden.Seedsavinginvolvestheselectionofthebestplantwhereyoucouldgatheritsbestfruit.Fromthesechosenfruitwillbetheseedsyouwillsaveandthenpreparingtheseseedstostorethemproperly.

Youmightbewonderingwhyyoushouldchoosetosaveseedsonyourownwheninfactyoucanjustbuythemfromanylocalstoresofferingagriculturalsupplies.Whyindeed?Onereasonistosavemoneybecauseyouwouldntneedtobuytheseedsanymore,savingseedsisveryinexpensive, and in fact, it canbe totally free!Whatsmore?Plantpropagation fromsowing theseseedswillbeultimatelydependentonyourwill-ofwhatconditionsareneededandwhichvarietyofthat seeddoyouwant to save.Theprocess isentirely inyourcontrol.Aside from these,heirloomseedsgeneticdiversityiswell-preservedbysavingseeds.Whoeversaidthatseedsavingisdifficult?Nah, itsdefinitelyveryeasyandafunactivity todo!Andofcourse,savingseed isaneducationalactivityanditcanalsomakeyoufeelempoweredandmoresatisfied.

Withtheadvantagesofsavingseedsonyourown,theseedsyoudwanttogrowinyourgardenarebestgatheredfromheirloomseeds.Butwhataretheseheirloomseeds?Heirloomseedscomefromopen-pollinatedplants,thistypeofseedsarecapableofproducingcropswhicharethe same as the parent plant. In contrast with heirloom seeds, hybrid seeds come from cross-pollinationwithothervarietiesoftheplant.Hybridsaremeanttocross-pollinatetwoplantvarietiesinordertocombiningthefeaturesoftheparentplants.Theproblemwithhybridseedsisthatthesewillnotproduceplantsconsistentwiththequalitiesoftheparents.Sobetweenheirloomandhybridseeds,heirloomseedsarepreferredbecauseofitsconsistencyinproducingplantswithfeaturessameastheparent.

Therearealotofseedsoutthere,andproperpropagationandtechniquesvaryfromseedtoseed.Soforyourconvenience,wevecomeupwithalistofseedstogetherwiththetipsonproperlysavingtheirseeds.

TipsonSavingSeedsofdifferentorganicplants

Tomatoes

Certainly,itsmucheasiertojustbuytomatoseedsorseedlingsinfarmer smarketoranyagriculturalsupplystores than tomanuallysaveseedsfromtomatofruits.Well,wheres thefun?Savingyour own tomato seed is definitely a fun thing to do aside from the fact that you canensurethatthetomatofruitsisofhighquality.

TipNo.1.Chooseanheirloomtomatofruitratherthanahybridone.Heirloom

tomatoseedswillbreed trueunlikehybrid tomatoseedswhereinyouarenotsureofwhatyoullendupwith.Forbetterresultsofchoosinganheirloomtomatofruit,youcanaskatomatofruitfromalocalgardenerinyourarea.

-Chooseafullyripetomato,notanover-ripeone.Tomatoeswhichareoverripemaycontainseedswhicharealreadygerminatingoritisstartingtorot.

-Savetomatofruitfromtheplantwhichproducesthebest-tastingtomatoandchoose the best-looking fruit amongst them. The seeds from the chosen fruit will likely result totomatoplantsproducingthesameexcellentqualityoffruits.

TipNo.2.Afterchoosingtherighttomato,sliceitinhalvesacrosstheequator.

TipNo.3.Scoopouttheinsidesofthefruitincludingtheseeds,gel,orliquid.Addsomewater.

TipNo.4.Looselycoverthemouthofthecontainer.Youcanuseaplasticwrapandpokesomeholesinit.

TipNo.5.Setthecontainerasidewithin3-5days.Whatweretryingtoachievehereisafermentationprocessforthegooeygelsurroundingtheseedstomold.

-Makesurethatyousetasidethecontainerinawarmplaceandawayfromdirectsunlight.

TipNo.6.Whenthemoldscanbeseenonthewatersurface,thisprovesthatthegel has already broken down.Remove asmuch of themold as possible by scooping it down andthrowingitaway.

TipNo.7.Rinsetheseedswithwater,throwingawayanydebrisandseedsthatfloat.

Floatingseedsarebadseedswhichwouldntgerminate.

TipNo.8:Getacoffeefilterorapaperplatewhereyoucanputtheseedstoallowthemtodrycompletely.

TipNo.9.Putthedriedseedsonplasticenvelopesorsmallpaperbagsorenvelopes.Storethepacketofseedsinacoolanddryplaceandkeepingitawayfromdirectsunlight.Properlylabelthepacketforyounottoforgettheseedtypeorkind.

whenyouproperlystorethetomatoseeds,itwillbeabletogerminate

evenafteryearsofdormancy.

Beans

Beanshavedifferentvarieties,butthemostcommonamongthemwouldbethestringbeans,drybeans,limabeansandthewaxbeans.Beansareincludedinthelegumefamilywhichformspartofahealthydietforus.Beansareahealthyinclusioninourdiet,andasmuchaspossible,youdcertainlywanttoorganicallyproduceyourbeansmostespeciallythattheprimarypurposeofgrowing them is for your own consumption. Organic seeds are much more expensive than theregularones,soitsurelywillhelpyourpocketalotifyousaveyourownseedsforthenextplantingseason.

Itmightseemthatsavingbeanseedsareextremelydifficult.Youwillsurelybesurprisedtoknowthattheactivityisnotjustrelativelyeasy,actually,itsvery,ImeanVERYeasy!Tryforyourself.

TipNo.1.Whentheharvestingseasondrawsclose,startselectingthevineswhereinyoucouldgettheseedsfrom.Remembertochooseplantswhicharenon-hybridforyoutobesurethatyougetthesameproducelikefromtheparentplant.

TipNo.2.Allowthebeanstomatureandcompletelydryout.Thiswouldbeevidentwhenthecolorisalreadybrownandtheseedsinsidethepodrattlewhenyoushakeit.

TipNo.3.Pickandcollectallthebeanpodsnow.Justgetalltheseedsfromthepod removing any part or piece of the pod. Choose the best seeds among the collection, removewrinkledorbrokenseeds.

TipNo.4.Youcandirectlystoretheseedsbutforprecautionarypurposes,itsbettertolaythemfirstinanypaperortowelandletthemcompletelydryoutforafewdays.Dampormoistseedshaveariskofdevelopingmoldsorsignsofrotting.

TipNo.5.Afterensuringthattheseedsarereallydry,puttheminanycontainerlikeonenvelopes,plasticpacketsandevenjars.Labelthecontainerwiththenameorvarietyofthebeanandthemonthandyearwhenyoustoredthebeanseeds.Also,makesurethatyoustoretheseedinadryandcoolplace.

Sohowdidyoufindthedifficultylevelinsavingthebeanseeds?Itsreallyeasy!

Pepper

Thebestwaytoensurethatyoullbehavingseedsyoucanplantonthenextplantingseasoninyourgardenistosaveyourownseed.Asidefromthat, itsalsoanicewaytosavesomemoneybecause youwont need to buy seeds from the farmer s store anymore. Anyway, whywould youchoosetomakethesebusinessownersricherwheninfactyoucandoseedsavingonyourself?Youcanalsoensurethattheplantyoullbeplantingwillproducethesamequalityandyieldliketheoneyouhavenow.

Therearealotofvarietyofpepperwhichcanrangefromsweettohotones,forexample,thebellpeppervarietyandthechilipeppervariety.Withthedifferences,thewaysofsavingtheseeds is relatively thesamesavesomeprecautionsandprotectionneededforhandling thechilivariety.

TipNo.1.Chooseahealthy-lookingandvigorousplantwiththemostdeliciouspeppersonit.Again,dontforgettonoteifitisahybridoranheirloomone.Whatwewantandneedistocollectheirloomseeds.

TipNo.2.Letthepeppersmatureandripenintheplant.Uponseeingthatthepeppersstarttowrinkle,youcannowpickthem.Agoodprecautioninhandlingchilipeppersistousegloves,mask and/or goggles toprotect your eyes, nose and skinbecause chili canprove tobe anirritanttothesebodyparts.

TipNo.3.-Forbellpeppervariety,youcancutthebottomandthetopofthefruit.Slice it then remove theseeds inside.Separate theseeds from the fleshypartof the fruit thenplaceitinafinemesh.Subjecttheseedsunderlightrunningwaterandrinseitremovinganyresidueorotherdebrisfromthewhitefleshymembraneofthebellpepper.Lookoutforthefloatingseedsandremovethembecausetheseareimmatureorbadseeds.

-Forchilipeppervariety,simplytearopenthepepperthenrubandshaketheseedsfromitandputtheseedsinafinemesh.Rinsetheseeds,removeresiduesandfloatingseeds.Again,betterusesomeprotectioninhandlingthechilivarietylikeusageofgloves.

TipNo.4.Nowthattheseedsarecleaned,youcanplacetheseedsonthepapertowel,spreadtheseedsandallowittodry.Afterafewdays,youcancheckwhethertheseedsarefullydrybytestingifaseedbreakswiththepressurefromyourfingernailsorwhenitbreaksbysimplybendingitbetweenyourfingers.

TipNo.5.Aftertheseedsarecompletelydriedout,puttheminatightlyliddedcontainer or paper bagor a re-sealable bag to preventmoisture fromdeveloping inside.Moisturemaycausetheseedstogerminateoritmaystarttomold.Labelthecontainerwiththepeppervarietyandstoreitinadark,dryandcoolplace.

Squash

Anicewaytosavemoneyandpreserveheirloomseedsistosaveyourownseeds.Savingsquashseedswouldbeagreatwaytodothisheirloompreservation,butthentheproblemwiththisisthatsquashesarefamouscross-pollinators.

Soreadfurtherandcheckoutourtipsandtechniquestohelpensurepuresquashseeds!

Beforewegetonthesavingseedtips,itisfirstandforemostimportanttoensurethatyouaretosaveseedsfromheirloomplants.Thisisbecausesquashesareknownforitsnotorietywhen it comes to cross-pollination, and you wouldnt want to produce squashes which arentconsistentor thesameas theparentplant.Firstofall,youhaveto lookfora localgardenerwhichcouldprovideyouwithanheirloomsquashseeds.Ifyoucantfindany,thenyouwouldneedtobuythem from agricultural stores. For least chances of cross-pollination and to be able to produceheirloomseedsfromthesepuresquashplants,plantonlyonevarietyofsquashinyourgarden.

Soyouvealreadysownthoseseedswhichgrewandborefruits,nowyouresettosaveyourheirloomsquashseeds!

TipNo.1.Letthesquashmature.Makesurethesquashisfullyripewhenyoupickit.Itwouldbepreferableifyouwaitaround6-8weeksafterthesupposeddateofharvestwhenyoupickthesquash.If theseedsaregivenmoretimetomatureandripenwithinthefruit, itwillsurelygainmorerobustness.

TipNo.2.Scooptheseedsouttoremovethemfromthesquash;youcanuseyourhandoraspoonindoingthis.Separatefleshfromtheseed.

TipNo.3.Rinsetheseedscompletelyfreeofotherdebrisorresiduefromthefleshandpulpunderrunningwaterusingacolander.

TipNo.4.Lettheseedsdrybyspreadingthesetoanewspaperorapaperplate.Theseedswouldsurelybecompletelydrywithinseveraldaysuptoaweek.

TipNo.5.Protecttheheirloomseedsbystoringtheminanenvelopeorajarandplaceitinacoolanddryplace.Yourheirloomseedswilllastforseveralyearsifproperlystored.

Cucumber

Asidefrombeingahealthyfood,cucumbersisalsoabeautyfood.Youcanuseittoreducethepuffinessaroundtheeyesandlightendarkcirclesaroundit.Savingcucumberseedswillsavemoneybecauseyouwontneed tobuyyour seeds,youwill alsohaveacontinuous supplyofcucumbers that will save you a lot of money from buying beauty products for your eyes (e.g.concealers,lighteningcreams,etc.)

Inchoosingtherightcucumberforitsseeds,tasteonefromthevine.Thisisimportantespecially thatsomecucumbershaveabitter taste,andyouwouldntwant tochoosethat.Afteryouvetastedsome,determinewhichvineproducesthebesttastingcucumberandmarkit.Savethefruitinthesaidvineforseedsaving.

Sowhatareyouwaitingfor?Experiencethebeautyofsavingseeds!

TipNo.1.Ofcoursewedontwaitforthecucumbertoripenwhenweeatit,wewaituntil its mature enough to be eaten. But in picking the right cucumber, dont pick it when it canalreadybeeaten.Instead,pickitwhenthecucumberisalreadysoft,big,andyellowish.

TipNo.2.Cut thecucumberopen inhalves,butdo itcarefully toavoiddestroyingandcuttingtheseeds.

TipNo.3.Scooptheseedsfromthefruitandputitinabowl.Addsomewaterinit.

TipNo.4.Setitasideforafewdays.Ifmoldsdeveloponthesurface,dontworry. The mixture is undergoing a fermentation process for the seed and its gel covering toseparate.

TipNo.5.Removethemoldandthenrinsetheseedafewtimes.Toshakeoffthefewremainingwaterdroplets,useafinemeshcolander.

TipNo.6.Spreadtheseedsonapieceofpaperoranypaperplatethenletitdryforafewdays.

TipNo.7.Ifyoutrytobendtheseedanditsnapsinsteadofbending,theseedsarenowdryenoughandreadytobestoredaway.Puttheminacontainerlikeajaroraziplockthenstoretheminadryplacebutcoolenoughtoavoidmoistureondevelopinginsidethecontainer.Moisturecantriggergerminationoritmayalsodestroytheseedsbecauseofrotting.

Lettuce

Lettuceplantsiseasytogrowandveryeasytosaveseedsfrom.Itisanidealplantforsavingseedsbecauseitdoesnotcrosspollinate,instead,itsflowersself-pollinateswhichwouldentailthattheseedswillretainthecharacteristicsfromtheparentplant.Apossibleproblemwouldbesavinglettuceseedisthattheparentplantisahybridone.Thecross-pollinationwouldbeattributedtohumaninterventionslikewhenseedcompaniesorlocalgardenersdothecrosspollinationinsteadoftheplantdoingitbythemselves.Savingseedsfromhybridplants,willlikelyresulttodifferentissueslike:thelettucemayflowerbutitwontproduceseeds;thelettuceplantmayproduceseedsbutitfailsto germinate; the lettucemay produce seeds that germinate but the plants whichwill be producedwhichisnotthesametoanyoftheparentplants;oritmayproduceseedswhichgerminatesandhasthesamecharacteristicliketheparentplant.Soyousee,savingseedsfromhybridplantswouldbeagamble,youwontbesureiftheresultwouldbegoodorbad,theresnowayofknowingwhatisthe

exactoutcome.Sobesuretosaveseedsfromself-pollinatedlettuceplants.

Savinglettuceseedsisveryeasy,itdoesntrequiremuchenergyandeffortindoingtheactivityandinsteaditrequirestimeandmuchpatience.

TipNo.1.Choosetheplantfromwhichtosaveyourseedsfrom.Selectthehealthiest plant among your lettuces.While itwould be alright to choose only one plant for yourseedsbecauseitcouldgeneratemanyseeds,itwouldbebesttosavefrommorethanoneplanttohavemorereserveseedsthatyoucouldusefortheupcomingyears.Asidefromthat,lettucemayproduceslightdifferencesthroughtimesoitwouldbeadvisabletosavefrommorethanonelettuceplant.

TipNo.2.Afterchoosingtheplants,labelthem.Youcansimplyputastakeoranyidentifyingmarktobeabletoidentifythemlateron.

TipNo.3.Nowherecomesthewaitingpart.Thelettuceplantswilleventuallyboltorit isnowgoingtoproduceseeds.Thiswouldbeevidentwhenastalkgrowsfromthetopoftheplantandlateronflowers.Theflowerswillnowself-pollinateandthengrowseedheadswhichwouldlooklikesomewhitepuffballs.

TipNo.4.Lettheseedheadsmatureuntilitnearstosheddingitsseeds.Seedsclosetosheddinggetdarkerwhiletheplantdriesout.Becarefulinharvestingbecauseifyoupicktheseedstoearlyitwouldnotbematureenough.Immatureseedsarecharacterizedbybeinggreenishincolorandflatterthanmaturedseeds.Anotherprecautionisthatleavingyourseedheadstoolong,theseedswillstarttoshedandstrongwindscouldeasilyblowawaytheseeds.Soforbestresults,picktheseedheadswhentheseedsarematuredenoughandtheheadsarenotcompletelydriedout.Anddontforgettoharvesttheseedsbycarefullycuttingthestemsbelowtheheads.

TipNo.5.Separatetheseedsbyholdingthestalksandshakingitontoasheet,basket,but itsbest touseabigbowl for separatingsmallpiecesofdriedplant thatmayhavebeenmixed with the seeds. Not all seeds will shake free but others would not so you must manuallyseparatetheleftones.Largeandsmallpiecesofthedriedplantmaybeleft togetherwiththeseeds.Pickthelargepieces,atthesametime,tiltthebowlatananglewhereonesideishigherthantheotherside.Nowcontinuallyblowonthemixtureofseedsandsmallpiecesofthedryplant.Thepiecesofdryplantarelighterthantheseedssoitwouldbeeasytoblowthedriedplantpartsaway.Continuetodothisuntilmostorallofthedryplantpartsaregone.

TipNo.6.Lettheseedscompletelydryoutbyspreadingitoutonasheetofpaperon sunny days. Dry them for 1-2 days. Be cautious during damp nights; cover the seeds so that

formationofmoldsormildewwillbeavoided.

TipNo.7.Whentheseedsarecompletelydriedout,youcannowstoretheminacontainerjar.Putthemawayinacoolanddryplace.

Okra

Okra,alsoknownasLadysFingersispopularinIndiaandthesouthernpartsofAmerica.Theokraischaracterizedasagreenwithasomewhatfuzzyandribbedskin.Itsinsideshaveagooeyandstickytextureanditisalsofullofseeds.Inculinary,okrasareshouldbepickedwhileitsnot toomatured anddoesnt exceed a length of 3 inches. Its best eaten youngbecause as theygetbiggerthan3inchesandmatures,thewoodyflavorandunpalatabletexturewouldbeunpleasant.

Insavingtheokraseeds,donotstoreitformorethanayear.Okraseedsdoesntstorewellforalongtimethatswhyonlysaveenoughofwhatwillbeusedforyourgarden.Again,choosetoplantheirloomseedsonly.Forbestchancesofproducingheirloomseeds,plantonlyonevarietyofokrabecause it easily crosspollinateswithothervarieties.Hybridplantswont producetrueseeds,soyoubetterbecarefulinplantingvarieties.

TipNo.1.Choosethehealthiestokrapodsandreserveitforseeding.Allowthereservedokrapodstomatureintheplantuntilitgetsbrown.Allowittodryinthestalknaturallyuntilthe pods start to split. When this happens, start removing the pods from the plant. Be careful in

handling the plant, you can use a pair of gloves to avoid being irritated by the tiny and spinymechanismwhichcoverstheokrastalksbecausethesecanirritateyourskin.

TipNo.2.Usethebowlasthecontainerofthepodspicked.Breakorprythepodslengthwiseandtheseedswillreadilyfalldown.

TipNo.3.Lettheseedscompletelydryoutforafewdaysbyspreadingitinasheetofpaper.Aftercompletedrying,puttheseedsinatightlyclosedjarandstoreinadrybutcoolarea.

TipNo.4.Again,onlysaveseedswhichareenoughforthenextplantingseasonnot exceeding a year because the seedswill not remainviable after theyear.Another thingbeforeplantingtheseeds,soaktheokraseedsinwaterforacoupleofhours.

Watermelon

Watermelonisagreattreatduringthesummer.Thissweetanddeliciousfruitisalsofullofjuices,makingitaperfectthirst-quencher.Savemoneybygrowingyourownwatermelon,andsavemore by saving some seeds without needing to buy the seeds from stores. Besides, plantingwatermelonisafunactivity.Whatmorebutbecauseofthejoyofseeingaseedgrowtoaplantandthenproducelargefruits likethesewatermelons.Itsdefinitelyamouthwateringtreatfor thewholefamily!Asidefromthat,savingtheseedsisverysimple.

TipNo.1.Selectaripewatermelonforyourheirloomseeds.Sliceitwithalargeknifeandthenusethespoontoscoopouttheseedsinside.

TipNo.2.Putthescoopedseedsinastrainerthenrinseitbyholdingthestrainerunderrunningwater.Continuetorinseituntilallofthefleshorfibertissuefromthewatermelonisgone.Afterwards,transfertheseedsinadeepbowl.

TipNo.3.Fillthebowlwithwater,thewatershouldcoverallthewatermelonseedscompletely.

TipNo.4.Usethespoontostirtheseeds.Separatethebadseedsfromthebowlbyremovingandthrowingawayalltheseedsthatfloat.

TipNo.5.Continuestirringtheseedsuntilnoseedsarefloatinginthewatersurface.

TipNo.6.Afterensuringthatallthebadseedsaregone,usethestrainertodrainthewaterfromthebowl.

TipNo.7.Preparethepapertowelandspreadasinglelayerofthewatermelonseedsonitfortheseedstodry.

TipNo.8.Placethepapertowelinadrybutsunnyareatoallowthewatermelonseedstocompletelydry.

TipNo.9.Ensureevendryingamongtheseedsbystirringtheseedsdaily.Theseedswilldrycompletelywithinaperiod1-3weeks.

TipNo.10.Putthedriedseedsinasmallpaperenvelopeorpaperbagandthenstoreitinacoolanddryplace.

Sunflower

Sunflowersareagoodadditiontoyourgarden.Itsgloriousbeautyandcolorwillsurelybrightenupyourgarden!Whenyouwakeupinthemorningandyouopenyourwindowstoletthefreshmorningairin,uponseeingthosesun-kissedflowers,itsurelybringsdelighttoonesheartandanicesmileonthelipsitdefinitelygivesyouacheeryfeelingmakingyoustartthedayjustasbetter. Yeah, just imagine those big and yellow sunflowers lining up your garden, its exquisitelywonderful!Asidefrombeautifyingyourgarden,sunflowerseedscanbeeaten,and itcanalsobeafood for birds. It definitely serves different purposes thats why saving seeds from this beautifulflowerisamust.

TipNo.1.Waituntilthesunflowersaredryonthestalksorwhenitbeginstodiebefore you cut the head.Drying is evidentwhen the back of the head turns yellow from the usualgreencolor.

TipNo.2.Theheadwouldstillbecoveredbytinyyellowbudssoitsbettertosetitasideforafewuntilalltheyellowbudsbecomebrown.Brushthebrownbudsasideuntiltheseedsarerevealed.

TipNo.3.Now,bepatienttoprytheseedsout.Therearemanyoftheseseedsthusitmaytaketimebeforeyoufinishit.

TipNo.4.Youcanputtheseedsonapaperenvelopeorbagandthenstoreitinacooldryplace.Dontforgettolabelthepaperpacketwiththesunflowervarietyanddateofharvest.

Conclusion

Seedsareimportantinfoodproductionbecauseitisusedincultivatingplants.Seedsaresowntogrowasacroporanyplantthatswhythereisaneedofsavingseeds.Savingseedsdefinitelyvariesfromseedtoseedandevenwithvariety.Animportantfactorwhichshouldbeconsideredinsavingseedsisselectingheirloomseedsoverhybridseeds.Nowthatwevegivenyousometipsonsavingseedsandthussavingmoney,youcannowstartsavingseedsonyourown.Savingseedscanbeveryeasyandcouldgiveonelotsoffun!

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