Organic Compounds
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Transcript of Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
Organic Compounds
• Organic compounds must have carbon and hydrogen. Some examples of organic compounds includes carbohydrates, proteins and lipids.
Inorganic Compounds
• Inorganic compounds have either one or none of carbon and hydrogen. Water is inorganic as it only has hydrogen and carbon dioxide is also inorganic.
H2O CO2
Examples
• Identify if the compound is inorganic or organic.
1. Octane C8 H18 2. Starch (C6 H10 O5 ) 3. Steel Fe 4. Butane C4 H10 5. Baking Soda NaHCO3 6. Olive Oil C18 H34 O2
Carbohydrates:OH
OHH
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
HOH
O
Energy molecules
Carbohydrates
Made up of Carbon, Hydrogen, & Oxygen.
Carbohydrates
• Building block molecules =
sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugar sugarsugar
sugar - sugar - sugar - sugar - sugarmonosaccharides
sucrose
Carbohydrates
• Function:– quick energy (short
term)
– energy storage
– structure• cell wall in plants
• Examples– sugars
– starches
– cellulose (cell wall)
glucoseC6H12O6
starch
Sugars = building blocks
• Names for sugars usually end in– glucose– fructose– sucrose– maltose
OH
OH
H
H
HO
CH2OH
HH
HOH
O
glucoseC6H12O6
sucrose
fructose
maltose
-ose
Building carbohydrates
• Synthesis
|glucose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
2 sugars = disaccharide
|maltose
mono = onesaccharide = sugar
di = two
Building carbohydrates
• Synthesis
|fructose
|glucose
1 sugar = monosaccharide
|sucrose
(table sugar)
2 sugars = disaccharide
How sweetit is!
BIG carbohydrates• Polysaccharides
– large carbohydrates• starch
– energy storage in plants» potatoes
• glycogen– energy storage in animals
» in liver & muscles
• cellulose– structure in plants
» cell walls
poly = many
Building BIG carbohydratesglucose + glucose + glucose… =
starch(plant)
glycogen(animal)
energystorage
polysaccharide
Digesting starch vs. cellulose
starcheasy todigest
cellulosehard todigest
Cellulose • Cell walls in plants
– herbivores can digest cellulose well– most carnivores cannot digest cellulose
• that’s why they eat meat to get their energy & nutrients
• cellulose = roughage– stays undigested– keeps material
moving in your intestines
Different Diets of HerbivoresCow
can digest cellulose well; no need to eat other sugars
Gorillacan’t digest cellulose well; must add another sugar source, like fruit to diet
Helpful bacteria• How can cows digest cellulose so well?
– BACTERIA live in their stomachs & help digest cellulose-rich (grass) meals
Eeeew…Chewing
cud?