Organ Systems. Organ Systems Overview Includes skin, hair and nails Creates waterproof barrier...
Transcript of Organ Systems. Organ Systems Overview Includes skin, hair and nails Creates waterproof barrier...
Organ Systems
Organ Systems Overview
Includes skin, hair and nailsCreates waterproof barrier aro8und the body
Works with bones to move parts of the body
Supports, protects, and woks with muscles to move parts of the body
Detects changes in the environment and signals to the body, which then responds
Manufactures and releases hormones , keeping body systems in balance
Transports blood, nutrients, gasses and wastes
Organ Systems Overview
Part of the immune systemDefends the body against infection
Controls breathingExchanges gasses
Takes in food and breaks it downAbsorbs nutrientsRemoves solid waste
Removes liquid waste from body
Produces and transports sex cellsDevelopment of new organisms
Digestive System
MouthStarts the process of breaking down food;
mechanically (teeth) and chemically (enzymes in saliva)
Saliva is produced by salivary glands in epithelial tissue of the mouth
Once food is broken up an softened with saliva it may be swallowed and begin its journey into the digestive tract
Esophagus and Stomach The esophagus is a muscular tube that connects your
mouth to your stomach Movement of muscle tissue in the esophagus is
controlled by the nervous system unconsciously to move food along
The stomach is used to hold food and churn it to continue the process of digestion
The stomach lining produces digestive enzymes and acids
Muscles in the stomach aid in the mixing of food
Nerves in the stomach signal when it is full and you have had enough to eat
The Small Intestine Once your food is fully mixed within the stomach a
round muscle at the bottom of the stomach, called a sphincter opens an transfers stomach contents into the Small Intestine
The first meter of the small intestine is called the duodenum which is where most digestion takes place
Tubes in the duodenum are connected to the pancreas liver, and gall bladder. These organs release more digestive enzymes which completes the chemical breakdown of food.
Food entering the reaming length of the small intestine is ready to be absorbed into the body
The Large Intestine The Large Intestine acts to absorb water,
vitamins and salts from the remaining digested food and eliminate undigested food through the anus as feces
The large intestine includes the Colon, rectum and anus
Bacteria in the large intestine also assist in the completion of food digestion
Urinary SystemLiquid waste is eliminated from the body via the
Urinary systemYour Kidneys are the key organ used to filter and
flush away waste substances from cellular processes and maintain a proper volume of water in the body and a balance of electrolytes (dissolved sodium, potassium and calcium)
Liquid waste is sent for temporary storage via the ureter to the bladder. Once the bladder is full urine is released through the urethra
Nervous SystemThe most critical organ in your body is the BrainThe Brain is the information processing centre for your
bodyThe rest of your nervous system is the network of nerve
tissue that connects the brain to all parts of the body and transmits signals to and from all types of body cells
The core of the nervous system is called the Central Nervous System (CNS) and includes the Brain and Spinal Cord
The nerves that carry signals between the CNS and the body are part of the peripheral nervous system
Nervous SystemNerves are responsible for controlling;
voluntary muscle carrying information from sensory organs
(eyes, ears, taste buds, skin, nose) regulation of involuntary functions such as
breathing, heart beat and digestionTo protect it from damage the CNS is
shielded by bones (skull and spinal column) and fluid (cerebrospinal fluid) that acts as a cushion
Nerve TissueNerve tissue is made up of NeuronsThere are approximately 100 billion neurons in your
brain aloneThe structure of neurons allow them to conduct
information in the form of electrical impulsesNeurons only conduct electrical impulses in one
directionBundles of neurons are called NervesNerves allow for two way communication within the
bodyNeurons in the CNS typically do not regenerate if
damagesPeripheral nerve tissue can repair small gaps (a few
millimeters)
Circulatory SystemThe circulatory system is made up of
blood, heart and blood vessels (veins and arteries)
The main role of the circulatory system is to move nutrients obtained by the intestines and oxygen from the lungs to all cells in the body.
The circulatory system also transports solid and liquid waste materials to the kidneys to be filtered out and excreted. Waste gas (CO2) is expelled by the lungs
The circulatory system is also important in regulating body temperature and transporting white blood cells that fight unwanted disease vectors (viruses and bacteria)
BloodRed blood cells are the are the most plentiful
cells in blood (45%). They transport Oxygen using a protein called Hemoglobin with is high in iron giving blood its red colour
White Blood cells are the bodies defence mechanism. They are able to recognize and destroy invading bacteria and viruses. Only about 1% of blood volume are white blood cells
Platelets are small cells that aid in clottingPlasma is the protein rich liquid that suspends all
blood cells. It makes up about 55% of your blood’s volume
HeartThe muscle that
pumps all blood through the circulatory system
Brings deoxygenated blood from upper and lower parts of the body, sends it to the lungs, returns oxygenated blood back to the heart and then out to the body.
Blood VesselsArteries carry oxygenated blood away from the heartBlood being pumped away from the hear is under high
pressure and therefore arteries must be thick walledVeins carry deoxygenated blood toward the heartBoth Veins and Arteries are largest closest to the heart
and become smaller in diameter farther away as the volume of blood they must gets smaller
Capillaries are tiny blood vessels with very thin walls where gas and nutrient exchange takes place
This exchange takes place through a process called diffusion
All body tissues are connected to the circulatory system by a network of capillaries
Circulatory IssuesHeart attack: If blood vessels (pulmonary arteries)
become blocked (blood clot, plaque) as the heart is supplied with oxygenated blood the heart will stop pumping and tissue will start to die (Necrosis)
Stroke: Where blood vessles supplying your brain with blood become blocked (usually a clot). Without oxygen and nutrients brain tissue begins to die
Hypertension: “High Blood Pressure” is a sign that the heart and blood vessels are being overworked. May lead to atherosclerosis, a systematic build up of plaque in the arterial wall
Atherosclerosis often leads to heart disease and/or stroke
Respiratory SystemThe Lungs are
where blood acquires oxygen and disposes of excess carbon dioxide
Inside the lungs is a network of increasingly narrow branching airways all ending in tiny air sacs called alveoli
Respiratory SystemAlveoli are thin walled
structures surrounded by capillaries
Gasses are exchanged through the Alveoli via diffusion
The remainder of the respiratory system simply connects the lungs to the outside air (trachea) or assists in the mechanics of breathing (diaphragm)