Oregon Health Plan Hospital Transformation Performance ... · operated the HTPP under its 1115...

Oregon Health Plan 1115 Demonstration, (Number: 21-W-00013/10 and 11-W-00160/10) 1

Oregon Health Plan

Hospital Transformation Performance Program Year 3 Amendment Summary and Objectives

I. Summary of Requested Changes

The Oregon Health Authority (OHA) is requesting two amendments related to its hospital

incentive program, the Hospital Transformation Performance Program (HTPP). The OHA has

operated the HTPP under its 1115 Demonstration since July 1, 2014. The two requested

amendments are summarized below, with more detailed requests and rationale later in the

amendment summary and objectives:

(1) An extension of the due date for the evaluation of the first two years of the HTPP, from

March 31, 2016 to June 30, 2016.

(2) Extending the HTPP for an additional year under the current 1115 Demonstration. OHA

will later seek CMS approval for an additional three years of the program as part of its

waiver renewal discussions for the Demonstration beginning July 2017.

II. Amendment Request 1: Evaluation Report Extension

Per the current 1115 Demonstration Special Terms and Conditions (STCs), the OHA will conduct

an interim evaluation of the HTPP to determine whether the goal of accelerating health system

transformation among targeted providers has been met. Oregon seeks an extension of the

interim evaluation due date, from March 31, 2016, to June 30, 2016, to ensure the data

required to complete the evaluation are available.

The waiver STCs require an independent interim evaluation of the HTPP to “determine whether

the goal, to accelerate health system transformation among targeted providers, has been met.”

Per the STCs, the interim evaluation must answer the following questions:

How have the Diagnosis Related Group (DRG) hospitals performed on all the HTPP metrics, as compared to baseline?

How have the DRG hospitals performed on the metrics that are also CCO metrics, as compared to hospitals not receiving HTPP payments?

What contributed to the success of those hospitals successfully meeting the HTPP measurement goals;

What barriers prevented the successes of any hospitals not meeting HTPP measurement goals;

What changes in hospital practice have been made as a result of HTPP;


What, if any, changes to the incentive structure for the CCOs by the state and by the CCOs for the providers is the state considering, as a result of lessons learned from HTTP.

Hospitals are required to submit their final data for the second year of the program by March

31, 2016, which is also the current deadline for the OHA to submit the interim evaluation. The

OHA, therefore, would not have the data available to compare performance in the second year

of the program to the baseline, nor would it be able to compare performance on any metrics

which are also CCO metrics as required in the STCs.

An extension of the due date for the interim evaluation report will allow the OHA to answer all

of the required questions with more accuracy, and the timing will coincide with the availability

of the coordinated care organization (CCO) Health System Transformation Report for calendar

year 2015. The data for the CCO report will provide the information needed to answer the

question on how non-DRG hospitals performed on any measures shared with the CCOs. If CMS

approves continuation of the HTPP under the next Demonstration (beginning July 1, 2017), OHA

will provide a final evaluation after or during Years 4-6.

While the independent evaluation of the program will not be available until 2016, please see

Appendix A, which includes the baseline performance for each measure, as well as preliminary

data showing the most recent performance available for each measure. As shown in Appendix

A, of the eight measures for which a statewide average is available from Year 1 through the first

nine months of Year 2, performance improved on four measures (hypoglycemia with insulin;

excessive anticoagulation with Warfarin; HCAHPS providing discharge information; and, central

line associated blood stream infections). This is significant in that hospitals did not begin

targeted quality improvement efforts related to the program until Year 2.

Performance on adverse drug events due to opioids remained steady in the same time period,

while performance on HCAHPS explaining medications declined very slightly; further quality

improvement efforts are needed in relation to all-cause readmissions and catheter associated

urinary tract infections. Switching from a measure of all-cause readmissions to a measure of

potentially preventable readmissions in Year 3 (described further below) will allow hospitals to

focus their efforts in reducing preventable readmissions. Further work will also be done in the

next year to reduce catheter associated urinary tract infections. The State views these data as

an indication that the program is beginning to improve quality at Oregon’s hospitals, but that

more time is needed to focus quality improvement efforts on these measures over the next

year.


III. Amendment Request 2: Approving HTPP Year 3 under Current 1115 Demonstration

The HTPP is an integral aspect of health system transformation in Oregon. Oregon’s vision for

achieving health system transformation and the triple aim of better health, better care, and

lower costs means that all aspects of the delivery system must coordinate their transformation

efforts. Hospitals are an essential part of Oregon’s delivery system. In recognition of this, the

Oregon Legislature mandated the creation of a hospital incentive measure program, the HTPP,

covering the 2013 – 2015 biennium. CMS approved these initial two years of HTPP under

Oregon’s current 1115 Demonstration, with the second performance year set to end in

September 2015.

In 2015, the Oregon Legislature solidified the importance of hospitals in transforming the

healthcare system in Oregon by mandating the continuation of the HTPP for four additional

years. In addition, the Oregon Legislature’s extension recognized the vital and intertwined roles

hospitals and CCOs play in transforming the delivery system by passing legislation that equally

splits the incentive pool funding between hospitals and CCOs beginning in the third year of the

HTPP.

Because of the foundational role that hospital quality improvement plays in moving health

system transformation forward in Oregon, the OHA seeks CMS approval of a one year extension

of the HTPP under our current 1115 Demonstration. This third year of HTPP will serve as a

transitional period during which the OHA will solidify the long-term vision of the program. The

objective is a program which is fully integrated and aligned with our overall health system

transformation goals. A redesigned HTPP will be included in the OHA’s proposal for the 1115

Demonstration period which, subject to CMS approval, will begin in July 2017. We outline our

proposal for year 3 of HTPP as well as our broader vision for the program below.

Year 3 Extension

The OHA proposes limited changes to the program during the Year 3 HTPP extension. This

allows measurement stability and time for hospitals to fully implement quality improvement

initiatives designed to improve performance on the HTPP measures and improve quality of

care. In addition, there is growing enthusiasm for the next wave and maturation of the

program, and the OHA would like time to work with partners to solidify both a long-term vision

for the program and to develop a comprehensive plan for how this vision will be achieved. This

also ensures that the vision for the HTPP, including additional domains and measures, is

focused on the priority areas of the next 1115 Demonstration.


Year 3 Domains and Measures

As detailed in Table 1, the third year of the program is comprised of two overarching focus

areas, hospital-focused domains and hospital-CCO collaboration focused domains. There are six

domains in total, comprised of 11 measures. As appropriate, Year 2 benchmarks will be

modified in Year 3 to ensure that performance is stretched in order for hospitals to qualify for

incentive payments. The priority focus areas identified by the domains below continue to be

integral to improving patient safety, quality, and reducing costs. For example, medication safety

issues continue to permeate all care encounters within the care continuum, while reducing

hospital acquired infections remains important in reducing healthcare costs and maintaining

population health and quality of life. Furthermore, both the screening, brief intervention and

referral to treatment (SBIRT) measure and sharing emergency department information with

primary care providers measure are new efforts for hospitals, and time is needed to identify

best practices and stabilize the data.

Table 1: Year 3 Focus Areas, Domains, Measures, and Benchmarks

Focus Area Domains Measures Year 3 Benchmarks

Hospital focus

1. Readmissions 1. Potentially Preventable Readmissions 1. TBD

2. Medication Safety

2. Hypoglycemia in inpatients receiving insulin

2. TBD

3. Excessive anticoagulation with Warfarin 3. TBD

4. Adverse Drug Events due to opioids 4. TBD

3. Patient Experience

5. HCAHPS, Staff always explained medicines (NQF 0166)

5. National 90th percentile

6. HCAHPS, Staff gave patient discharge information (NQF 0166)

6. National 90th percentile

4. Healthcare-Associated Infections

7. CLABSI in all tracked units (adapted from NQF 0139)

7. TBD

8. CAUTI in all tracked units (adapted from NQF 0754)

8. TBD

Hospital-CCO collaboration

focus

5. Sharing ED visit information

9. Hospitals share ED visit information with primary care providers and other hospitals to reduce unnecessary ED visits

9. 90th percentile, HTPP baseline

6. Behavioral Health

10. Follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness (adapted from NQF 0576)

10. National Medicaid 90th percentile

11. Screening for alcohol and drug misuse, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in the Emergency Department

11. TBD


To allow for stability in the program and for quality improvement efforts to mature, the OHA

proposes limited changes to the domains and measures included in Year 3. However, after

consultation with the Hospital Performance Metrics Advisory Committee, the Hospital Metrics

Technical Advisory Group (which consists of representatives from all hospitals participating in

the program), and partners at the Oregon Association of Hospitals and Health System Systems

(OAHHS), beginning in Year 3 OHA plans to change the readmissions domain measure from all-

cause readmissions to potentially preventable readmissions. The potentially preventable

readmissions measure is advantageous for numerous reasons:

The potentially preventable readmissions measure is risk adjusted, so hospitals with

more acute cases will not be unfairly disadvantaged;

Unlike the all-cause measure, the potentially preventable readmissions measure

does not penalize hospitals for planned readmissions;

And, the structure of the potentially preventable readmissions measure aids in

focusing quality improvement efforts by allowing for the identification of

populations most likely to suffer from a preventable readmission.

Calendar year 2015 will serve as the baseline year for the potentially preventable readmissions

measure and used to calculate the benchmark and improvement targets for Year 3. Like all of

the other measures included in the program, hospitals will have to meet either the benchmark

or their improvement target to qualify for payment on this measure in Year 3. Progress on the

potentially preventable readmissions measure to date is included in Appendix A.

While hospitals will continue to focus their efforts on the above priority areas during Year 3, the

OHA can work with partners and the Hospital Performance Metrics Advisory Committee to

identify additional focus areas for the future of the HTPP, and ensure that the program aligns

with the vision of the broader 1115 Demonstration to begin in July 2017 (subject to CMS

approval). The OHA and its stakeholders seek time to ensure that the domains capture needed

efforts to transform the delivery system. Subject to CMS approval, changes to the program

would begin in Year 4 (the preliminary long-term vision for the HTPP including Years 4-6 is

described further below).

Year 3 Payment Structure

The quality pool distribution method occurs in two phases for both the hospital focused and the

hospital-CCO collaboration focused domains. Phase 1 involves determining whether a hospital

is eligible for the $500,000 floor (earned by achieving at least 75% of the measures). Phase 2

involves allocating the remaining funds to hospitals based upon performance against each

measure. The domains are weighted so that each measure is worth a proportion of the


available funds; the proportions may shift if all measures are not achieved by at least one

hospital (see Table 2, overleaf). The payments to individual hospitals are weighted based upon

hospital size (defined as the proportion of statewide Medicaid discharges and patient days, 50

percent each).

Table 2: Share of Available Funds by Measure by Year after Floor Payment Allocation

Domains Measures Share of Available Funds

Years 1-3*

Readmissions 1. Hospital-Wide All-Cause Readmissions (Years 1 & 2) / Potentially Preventable Readmissions (Year 3)

18.75%

Medication Safety

2. Hypoglycemia in inpatients receiving insulin 6.25%

3. Excessive anticoagulation with Warfarin 6.25%

4. Adverse Drug Events due to opioids 6.25%

Patient Experience 5. HCAHPS, Staff always explained medicines (NQF 0166) 9.38%

6. HCAHPS, Staff gave patient discharge information (NQF 0166) 9.38%

Healthcare-Associated Infections

7. CLABSI in all tracked units (modified NQF 0139) 9.38%

8. CAUTI in all tracked units (modified NQF 0754) 9.38%

Sharing ED visit information

9. Hospitals share ED visit information with primary care providers and other hospitals to reduce unnecessary ED visits

12.50%

Behavioral Health

10. Follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness (modified NQF 0576)

6.25%

11. Screening for alcohol and drug misuse, brief intervention, and referral to treatment (SBIRT) in the Emergency Department

6.25%

*Note this is share of funds available after allocation of the floor

Year 3 Performance Period

The performance periods for the first two years of the program ran the federal fiscal year,

October – September. This was in large part due to when the program was initially approved by

the Oregon legislature. However, to further alignment with the CCO incentive measure pool

and ease administrative burden, in Year 3 the HTPP performance period will shift from the

federal fiscal year to the calendar year. Thus, the performance period for the third year of the

program will begin January 1, 2016 and end December 31, 2016. Details on the Year 3 program

structure are included in a red-lined version of Attachment J to the waiver STCs (attached).

During the three month interim period between the end of the Year 2 performance period

(September 30, 2015) and the beginning of the Year 3 performance period (January 1, 2016),

hospitals are expected to continue quality improvement efforts related to the 11 measures

included in Year 2 of the HTPP. While hospitals will not report these data to the OHA for

payment on performance, they are still expected to track these metrics internally and report

these data to the OAHHS. During this time period the Hospital Metrics Technical Advisory


Group, which is comprised of representatives from all of the hospitals participating in the

program, will continue to meet to discuss the metrics and quality improvement efforts for Year

3. OHA will also use this time to liaise with hospitals regarding any changes to the measure

specifications for Year 3, and to discuss and plan technical assistance needed to ensure

hospitals are successful in improving quality in the third year of the program.

HTPP in the Future: Vision for Years 4 – 6

The OHA’s vision for the HTPP is a program which is fully integrated with the 1115

Demonstration, which furthers collaboration between hospitals and CCOs, and leads to better

health, better care, and lower costs. The OHA proposes that the details of the vision and the

glide path to achieve the vision be developed during Year 3 of the HTPP and submitted to CMS

as part of waiver renewal. This gradual approach also allows time for the Hospital Performance

Metrics Advisory Committee (which provides recommendations on the measures included in

the HTPP) to consult with the CCO Metrics & Scoring Committee (which advises on the

incentive measures for the CCOs) on a shared vision and additional shared and collaborative

measures. A comprehensive outline of this program will be included the OHA’s request for

renewal of our 1115 Demonstration beginning in July 2017, but the broad vision for the

program is outlined below.

Years 4-6 Domains and Measures

The OHA would like to shift from the current structure of two focus areas (hospital and

hospital-CCO collaboration focused) to one which integrates collaboration between hospitals

and CCOs throughout the program. To this end, beginning in Year 4 the HTPP will include two

measure sets: (1) The core measure set and (2) the hospital-specific ‘menu’ set. As in the CCO

incentive measure program, these will be complimented by a challenge pool measure set,

comprised of a subset of the most transformative domains and measures that are worth an

additional incentive payment if benchmarks or improvement targets are achieved.

Core Measure Set

Comprised of domains and measures that are applicable to all hospitals.

All hospitals would be expected to report on all domains and associated measures in

this set. Payment would be contingent upon achieving either a benchmark or

improvement target.


Hospital-specific Menu Set

Set of domains and measures from which hospitals would be required to choose XX

number. Payment would be contingent upon achieving either a benchmark or

improvement target.

Challenge Pool

A set of the most transformative measures as selected by the Hospital Performance

Metrics Advisory Committee. The incentive payment would be based on the dollars

remaining after distribution of payments in the prior rounds. Payments would be

contingent upon achieving either a benchmark or improvement target.

This approach would hold all hospitals accountable to a core set of domains and measures

while allowing individual hospitals to identify locally relevant areas where they want to focus

their quality improvement efforts. It is envisioned that hospitals could collaborate with their

local CCOs on any hospital-specific measures that cut across the two systems. In addition, this

approach takes into account the differing service arrays offered at hospitals (e.g., a core metric

focused on maternity care would be inappropriate as not all DRG hospitals in Oregon perform

deliveries).

This change could be implemented incrementally, with additional measures added to both the

core and hospital-specific menu sets in each year. By Year 6, each set would include the

maximal number of measures. As new measures are introduced, hospitals would be paid for

reporting in the first year (to establish a baseline), but must achieve benchmarks or

improvement targets to qualify for payments in subsequent years.

Year 4-6 Payment Structure

Beginning in Year 4 the OHA would like to modify the HTPP payment method to include a three-

phased structure that includes a challenge pool. This will further incentivize quality

improvement efforts focused on a subset of the most transformative HTPP measures and

domains.

Phase 1: Floor Payment

A hospital is eligible for a floor payment of $500,000 by achieving 75% of the measures

for which it is eligible (consistent with current payment structure).

If a hospital does not achieve 75% of the measures, then its floor payment will be

reallocated to the challenge pool.


Phase 2: Payment per Measure Achieved

After the floor payments are allocated, the remaining funds are included in the pool for

Phase 2 allocation.

The portion of Phase 2 quality pool funds that a hospital receives is based on whether it

achieves an absolute benchmark or individual improvement target across the domains.

This is similar to the payment structure in Years 1-3.

However, beginning in Year 4, the funds not achieved by hospitals in Phase 2 will not be

reallocated to the other hospitals or domains (as is done currently); instead, they will be

reallocated to the challenge pool.

Phase 3: Challenge Pool

Any unclaimed funds from Phases 1 and 2 will be used for the challenge pool.

A set of the most transformative measures will be selected as the challenge pool

measures. Hospitals achieving any of these measures will receive an additional incentive

payment from the challenge pool funds.

Years 4-6 Performance Period

The HTPP performance periods would continue to be aligned with those for the CCOs, and

would therefore be based on the calendar year. Year 4 would cover January 1, 2017 –

December 31, 2017. Hospitals would submit data to OHA by April 15, 2018, and OHA would

issue the Year 4 payment by June 30, 2018.

Year 5 would cover January 1, 2018 – December 31, 2018. Hospitals would submit data to OHA

by April 15, 2019, and OHA would issue the Year 5 payment by June 30, 2019.

Year 6 would cover January 1, 2019 – December 31, 2019. Hospitals would submit data to OHA

by April 15, 2020, and OHA would issue the Year 6 payment by June 30, 2020.

APPENDIX A


Hospital Transformation Performance Program (HTPP) Measures, Preliminary Progress from Baseline through First Nine

Months of Performance Year1

Domain Measures

Year 2 Targets (Oct. 2014 – Sep. 2015) Baseline Performance (Oct.

2013 – Sep. 2014)

Preliminary Year 2

Performance (Oct. 2014 –

June 2015)2 Improvement from

Baseline Target Year 2 Benchmark

Behavioral Health

Alcohol and drug misuse, screening, brief intervention, and referral for treatment (SBIRT) in the ED

(a) Brief Screen: MN method with a 3 percentage point floor (b) Full Screen: MN method with a 3 percentage point floor

(a) Brief Screen: 75th percentile from HTPP baseline for brief screens (67.8%) (b) Full Screen: Alignment with CCO full screen benchmark (12.0%)

(a) Brief Screen:

State: N/A3

High hospital: 95.3%

Low hospital: 5.5%

(b) Full Screen: State: N/A3


Low hospital: 0.3%

(a) Brief Screen:

State: N/A3


Low hospital: 12.1%

(b) Full Screen: State: N/A3


Low hospital: 0.2%

Follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness (modified NQF 0576)

MN method with 3 percentage point floor

Alignment with CCO benchmark (National Medicaid 90th percentile, 2014 70.0%)

State: N/A4


Low hospital: 60.0%

State: N/A4, 5


Low hospital: 58.3%

Readmissions

Years 1 and 2 only. Hospital-Wide All-Cause Readmissions Lower score is better.

MN method with a 3 percent floor

State 90th percentile for DRG hospitals (8.0%, Oct. ’13 – Sep. ’14)

State: 10.9% (lower is better)


Low hospital: 4.9%



Low hospital: 5.1%

1 Note performance year data are preliminary and subject to change. 2 Range excludes three hospitals which had not implemented SBIRT in the ED by June 2015. 3 Due to differences in screening and data capture, a statewide baseline is not available. 4 Due to the performance attribution method used, a statewide baseline is not available. 5 Performance year progress report data for follow-up after hospitalization for mental illness are for the 12 month period 4/1/2014 – 3/31/2015.

APPENDIX A


Domain Measures


2013 – Sep. 2014)

Preliminary Year 2




Readmissions (continued)

Year 3 only. 2015 data will serve as baseline for Year 3. Potentially Preventable Readmissions Lower score is better.

N/A N/A N/A 2015 to be used as baseline for Year 3 payments. Current progress6:


High hospital: 6.5%

Low hospital: 3.4%

Medication

Safety

Hypoglycemia in inpatients receiving insulin (American Society of Health Systems Pharmacist Safe Use of Insulin measure) Lower score is better.


7.0% or below State: 3.9% (lower is better)


Low hospital: 0.4%


High hospital: 8.5%

Low hospital: 0.0%

Excessive anticoagulation with Warfarin (Institute for Safe Medication Practices measure) Lower score is better.


5.0% or below


High hospital: 5.9%

Low hospital: 0.3%


High hospital: 5.1%

Low hospital: 0.0%

Adverse Drug Events due to opioids (Institute for Safe Medication Practices measure) Lower score is better.


5.0% or below


High hospital: 0.8%

Low hospital: 0.1%


High hospital: 1.2%

Low hospital: 0.1%

6 Potentially preventable readmission rates are calculated on a rolling 12 month basis; the data presented are for the months 4/1/2014 – 3/31/2015.

APPENDIX A


Domain Measures


2013 – Sep. 2014)

Preliminary Year 2




Patient Experience

HCAHPS, Staff always explained medicines (NQF 0166)7


National 90th percentile (72.0%, April 2014)

State: 63.6%


Low hospital: 44.8%

State: 63.5%


Low hospital: 41.4%

HCAHPS, Staff gave patient discharge information (NQF 0166)8


National 90th percentile (90.0% in April 2014)

State: 88.8%


Low hospital: 73.2%

State: 89.0%


Low hospital: 77.1%

Healthcare-Associated Infections

CLABSI in all tracked units (modified NQF 0139) Lower score is better.

MN method with 3 percent floor

2010 NHSN Data Summary Report 50th percentile (0.18 per 1000 device days)

State: 0.81 (lower is better)

High hospital: 2.07

Low hospital: 0.00


High hospital: 1.51

Low hospital: 0.00

CAUTI in all tracked units (modified NQF 0754) Lower score is better.9

MN method with 3 percent floor

50th percentile from HTPP baseline (1.10 per 1000 catheter days)


High hospital: 3.79

Low hospital: 0.00


High hospital: 2.04

Low hospital: 0.00

7 Note that the Child HCAHPS survey is under development. Therefore, Shriner’s Hospital for Children is unable to field an HCAHPS survey. Instead, it uses the Press Ganey Inpatient Pediatric Survey. Shriner’s performance on staff providing discharge information is therefore assessed against a similar question included in the Press Ganey Inpatient Pediatric Survey. The Press Ganey survey does not have a question about staff explaining medications, so Shriner’s is not eligible for the HCAHPS staff explaining medication measure. 8 Shriner’s Hospital for Children is unable to field an HCAHPS survey. Instead, it uses the Press Ganey Inpatient Pediatric Survey. Shriner’s performance on staff providing discharge information is therefore assessed against a similar question included in the Press Ganey Inpatient Pediatric Survey, and a separate benchmark has therefore been established for Shriners (it is the 90th percentile from the al PG Database Peer Group, 2/1/2014 – 7/31/2014, which is 92.7%). 9 The Centers Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) changed the CAUTI specifications beginning in January 2015. Therefore, the original HTPP baseline (using data from October 2013 – September 2014) was only comparable to the first three months of the performance year (October 2014 – October 2015). The decision was made to use the updated CDC specifications for Years 1 and 2. This means that the new baseline period (reflected here) is for January – March 2015 (3 months). The benchmark remains the HTPP baseline 50th percentile, but the absolute number changes to 1.10 per 1000 catheter days (versus 1.13). The calculation of the 50th percentile excludes hospitals with no CAUTIs; this is because such a short baseline period could skew the data as there was relatively little opportunity for infections. The performance period will be April – September 2015 (6 months). The CAUTI performance data above are for April – June 2015.

APPENDIX A


Domain Measures


2013 – Sep. 2014)

Preliminary Year 2




Sharing ED visit

information

Hospitals share ED visit information with primary care providers and other hospitals to reduce unnecessary ED visits


75th percentile from HTPP baseline (78.6%)

State: N/A10


Low hospital: 0.0%

State: N/A9


Low hospital: 0.0%

10 The Emergency Department Information Exchange (EDIE) system is the data source for this measure. Because hospitals were in different phases of implementing the EDIE system, they submitted data from different timeframes. Therefore, a statewide baseline is not available.

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