Oral Med.Admin Lab

1. As a nurse you may collaborate with a clinical pharmacist in caring for your patients on the premises of “a clinical pharmacist is a specialist who works/guides the physician in prescribing drugs”.

2. Four kinds of drug names:a. Generic Name- assigned before a drug becomes official. Approved by

Health Canada under Food and Drug Regulations.b. Official Name- Name under which a drug is listed in the official

publications.c. Chemical Name- Chemist knows it, describes chemical constituents

and molecular structure. d. Trademark/Brand name- name given by the drug manufacturer.

3. Within Canada, laws have been enacted to control the development and administration of drugs. Controlled substances are kept in a locked drawer/cupboard/med cart etc. Thus, agencies have special inventory forms for recording the use of controlled substances. Info required would be name, date, time of admin, name of drug, dosage and signature of person who gave the drug.

4. If the prescribing health care professional write an incorrect order(for ex: digoxin 25mg instead of 0.25mg) the nurse who administers the written incorrect dosage is responsible for the error as well as the prescribing health care professional.

5. Definitions: a. Therapeutic effect: aka desired effect, it is the primary effect intended,

and the reason the drug is prescribed. b. Side effect/adverse effect- of a drug is an unintended and undesired.

Usually predictable and are either harmless or potentially harmful. c. Drug toxicity- poisonous effects of a drug on an organism or a tissue

results from over dosage, ingestion of a drug intended for external use or buildup of the drug in blood because of impaired metabolism or excretion.

d. Drug allergy- an immunological reaction to a drug. e. Drug tolerance- exists in a person who has unusually low

physiological response to a drug and who requires increases in the dosage to maintain a given therapeutic effect.

f. Drug interaction- occurs when the administration of one drug before, at the same time, or after one another alters the effect of one or both drugs.

6. This would be considered a side effect. Most enteric coatings work by presenting a surface that is stable at the highly acidic pH found in the stomach, but breaks down rapidly at a less acidic (relatively more basic) pH. For example, they will not dissolve in the acidic juices of the stomach (pH ~3), but they will in the alkaline (pH 7-9) environment present in the small intestine. Materials used for enteric coatings include fatty acids, waxes, shellac, plastics, and plant fibers. Drugs that have an irritant effect on the

stomach, such as aspirin, can be coated with a substance that will dissolve only in the small intestine.

7. Define:a. Half life- the time required for the elimination process to reduce the

concentration of the drug to one half what it was at initial administration.

b. Peak plasma level- The highest plasma level achieved by a single dose when the elimination rate of a drug equals the absorption rate.

c. Pharmacodynamics- the mechanism of drug action and relationships between drug concentration and the body’s responses.

d. Agonist- A drug that produces the same type of response as the physiological or endogenous substance.

e. Antagonist- A drug that inhibits cell function by occupying the receptor sites.

f. Pharmacokinetics- the study of the absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion of drugs.

8. See chart pg.880 table 33.5, also printed.9. There are 5 types of medication orders : stat order, the single order, the

standing order, the prn order and the protocol order.a. Stat order- indicates that the medication is to be given immediately

and only onces.b. The single order or one-time order is for medication to be given once

at a specified time.c. The prn order or as-needed order permits the nurse to give a med

when, in the nurses judgment, the client requires it. 10. See printed page. 11. The essential parts of a drug order:

a. Clients full nameb. Date and time the order is writtenc. Generic name of the drug to be administeredd. Dosage of the druge. Route of administrationf. Frequency of administrationg. Signature of the person writing the order