Optimum Energy Management System

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Abstract:

This application keeps the database of the number of persons entering

as well as exiting.

555 timer driven 38 KHz signal from IR LED gets interrupted on to

the IR receiver to sense the person entering as well as exiting which is

fed to a 555 timer.

The output of 555 timer is fed to the Microcontroller for analyzing and

control purpose

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Introduction:

The project is designed to monitor the number of persons entering as well as exiting a room. Electrical loads are switched ON as the first person enters and switches OFF when the last person leaves. IR sensors used in combination with microcontroller to monitor all the operations. This helps in saving lot of energy.







Block Diagram:







Hard Ware Equipments:

POWER SUPPLY BLOCK

MICROCONTROLLER (AT89S52/AT89C51)

IR LED

BC547

555 TIMER

RELAY







Power Supply:

230 V AC 50 Hz

Bridge rectifier

Filter(470µf)

5v Regulator

5V DC

12V step down transformer






555 TIMERThe 555 Has Three Operating Modes:

Monostable mode:

In this mode, the 555 functions as a "one-shot". Applications include timers, missing pulse detection, switches, touch switches, frequency divider, capacitance measurement, pulse-width modulation (PWM) etc.






http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Signetics_NE555N.JPG



Astable:

The 555 can operate as an oscillator. Uses include LED and lamp flashers, pulse generation, logic clocks, tone generation, security alarms, pulse position modulation, etc.

Bistable mode or Schmitt trigger:

The 555 can operate as a flip-flop, if the DIS pin is not connected and no capacitor is used. Uses include bounce free latched switches, etc.







Micro Controller:

8K Bytes of In-System Programmable (ISP) Flash Memory

4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

Crystal Frequency 11.0592MHZ

Three-level Program Memory Lock

256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

32 Programmable I/O Lines

Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

AT89S52







Relay:It is a electro magnetic switch

Used to control the electrical devices

Copper core magnetic flux plays main role here







IR LED: An IR LED, also known as IR transmitter, is a special

purpose LED that transmits infrared rays in the range of 760 nm wavelength.

Such LEDs are usually made of gallium arsenide or aluminum gallium arsenide. They, along with IR receivers, are commonly used as sensors.

The appearance is same as a common LED. Since the human eye cannot see the infrared radiations, it is not possible for a person to identify whether the IR LED is working or not, unlike a common LED.







BC547:

The BC547 transistor is an NPN Epitaxial Silicon Transistor.

The BC547 transistor is a general-purpose transistor in small

plastic packages.

It is used in general-purpose switching and amplification

BC847/BC547 series 45 V, 100 mA NPN general-purpose

transistors.

Whenever base is high, then current starts flowing through

base and emitter and after that only current will pass from

collector to emitter







Circuit Diagram:







Circuit Diagram Explanation:

There are two pair sensors, each kept at certain distance from the other. One pair of sensor consists of a transmitter and a receiver, kept exactly opposite to each other. The transmitting part emits modulated IR light which is received at the receiver end and fed to a microcontroller of 8051 family.

When a person enters the room then microcontroller senses it (with the help of IR sensors) and increments the count and displays it on 7 segment displays and also switches ON the load. In the same way when a person exits the room, the count gets decremented. When the last person exits from the room, the lamp is switched OFF. The load operation is handled by a relay interfaced to the microcontroller.







Advantages:

Managing and reducing energy consumption not only saves money but also helps in mitigating climate change and enhancing corporate reputation.

Energy management is widely acknowledged as the best solution for direct and immediate reduction of energy consumption.

http://www.edgefxkits.com/optimum-energy-management-system







Conclusion:

Optimum Energy Management System is designed to monitor the number of persons entering as well as exiting a room. Electrical loads are switched ON as the first person enters and switches OFF when the last person leaves. IR sensors used in combination with microcontroller to monitor all the operations. This helps in saving lot of energy.







Optimum Energy Management System

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Transcript of Optimum Energy Management System