Opinion Survey on Civic Education

2004

2

Organization of Presentation

• Main findings: a general picture– Hong Kong– Mainland China– The World

3

Enumeration Results(Survey conducted between Oct. and Dec. 2004)

Number %

1. Total number of quarters sampled 2,003 -

2. Number of quarters found to be vacant, demolished or non-residential

352 -

3. Number of quarters with no English, Cantonese or Putonghua speaking members

21 -

4. Number of quarters with no household members aged 15 - 69

129

5. Number of quarters eligible for inclusion in the survey (1) – (2) – (3) – (4)

1,501 100%

6. Number of quarters successfully enumerated 1,054 70.2%

7. Number of quarters refusing to respond 192 12.8%

8. Number of quarters that could not be contacted during the survey period

255 17.0%

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I. Hong Kong

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether agree with statements related tosense of belonging to Hong Kong

14.4% 20.8% 16.3%

74.6%

62.8%

7.1%1.7%

5.7%

0.3%

0.4%

5.8% 2.7%14.8%

72.3%

0.4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Very concerned about HongKong society

Hong Kong is my home Hope that my childrenregard Hong Kong as their

home

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree No Comment

A strong sense of belonging to HK

5

HK (cont’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by their views on political and democraticdevelopment

12.0%

6.9%

15.0%

12.8%

70.5%

42.7%

44.3%

45.7%

6.7%

28.5%

14.3%

15.4%

1.3%

2.1%

1.7%

1.3%

5.8%

11.9%

13.6%

13.4%

3.7%

7.9%

11.1%

11.4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Freedom to demonstrate should be guaranteedeven though it causes inconvenience

Human rights conditions has worsened afterhandover

Chief Executive should be elected by universalsuffrage soonest possible

All Legislative Councilors should be elected byuniversal suffrage soonest possible

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongy disagree Not sure No comment

Strong support for civil & political rights

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Low to moderate level of social engagement

Percentage distribution of social engagement

40% 25%60%

0%20%40%60%80%

Participation incivic organization

activities in past 12 months

Volunteer in the past

Donation in past

12 months

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Chart: Distribution of respondents by perceived occurrence of uncivil behavior

Encountering uncivil behavior: Not uncommon

13.1%

9.1%

7.6%

5.1%

8.1%

11.0%

12.6%

15.4%

17.3%

6.4%

18.5%

20.2%

39.2%

39.6%

32.0%

29.4%

40.3%

39.2%

27.5%

29.1%

20.4%

35.2%

27.1%

24.4%

6.2%

5.0%

9.4%

22.2%

4.9%

4.1%

13.2%

1.3%

1.7%

1.8%

1.1%

1.0%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Pushing around in public transport

Smoking in non-smoking areas

Talking loudly over the phone in cinemas,concerts, etc.

Making loud noises at night near domesticpremises

Polluting public areas

Using foul languages in public

Always Most of the time Sometimes Seldom Never No comment

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HK (cont’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether satisfied with the state of social morality

0.5%

44.0%41.6%

3.7%

8.8%

1.5%

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

Verysatisfied

Quitesatisfied

Not quitesatisfied

Verydissatisfied

Not sure Nocomment

Satisfaction with civic mindedness: Moderate

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Summary of the HK findings:

• A strong sense of belonging to HK

• Strong support for civil and political rights

• Low to moderate level of social engagement

• Civil behavior has plenty of room for improvement

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II. Mainland China

Most people are concerned about Mainland China

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether concerned about affairs in Mainland China

Totally unconcerned

2.9%

Unconcerned16.9%

No Comment4.9%

Concerned66.5%

Very concerned8.9%

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Chart: Distribution of answers to thestatement

"I am proud of being Chinese"

4.1%

6.9%14.6%

10.1%

63.3%

1.0%

Strongly

Agree

Agree Disagree Strongly

disagree

Undecided No comment

China (cont’d)

Most are proud of being Chinese

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China (con’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether proud of specificachievements of the state

2.1%

8.7%

11.0%

1.1%

11.8%

13.0%

20.6%

54.8%

57.1%

16.3%

58.0%

45.1%

49.7%

22.0%

20.1%

45.2%

20.8%

22.7%

13.3%

2.4%

2.0%

16.8%

2.2%

2.8%

14.3%

12.1%

9.8%

20.6%

7.2%

16.4%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Democraticconditions

Political influence inthe world

Economic

Social welfare system

Science & technology

Army

Very proud Quite proud Not quite proud Not proud at all No comment

Proud of various aspects of the state

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China (cont’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether proud of specificachievements of the nation

35.0%20.4%

28.4%35.4%

54.4%

52.5%

51.9%50.0%

6.0%

13.6%10.8%

7.2%0.9%

1.0%1.7% 1.0%

3.7%12.4% 7.2% 6.4%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Sports Literature & arts History & culture Territory,mountains &

rivers

Very proud Quite proud Not quite proud Not proud at all No comment

Proud of various aspects of the nation

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China (cont’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether agree with actions toshow allegiance to China

4.9% 3.9% 6.2%

33.4%47.2%

63.3%

38.0%27.4%

14.9%5.0% 2.5%1.4%

18.7% 19.0% 14.3%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Public schools shouldconduct national flag

hoisting ceremony daily

Should match upmacroeconomic adjustmentplan of China regardless ofwhether it will benefit Hong

Kong

Hong Kong's economic andpolitical development should

not hurt national interest

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree No Comment

Have respect for state’s interests

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China (cont’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether agree that actions concerned arenot patriotic

0.8% 1.7% 2.4%12.2%

18.3% 20.7%

64.6% 57.1% 52.3%

7.6% 4.8% 4.8%

14.7% 18.2% 19.8%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Criticize central government Ask foreign govt to pressChina to promote democracy

& human right

Criticize China affairs in frontof foreign govt

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree No Comment

Take a liberal view towards what behavior is “unpatriotic”

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China (cont’d)

Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether satisfied with conditions inMainland China

1.9%

0.3%

0.8%

0.2%

0.2%

5.5%

1.8%

43.8%

11.7%

14.6%

14.6%

6.5%

68.0%

39.8%

35.2%

55.0%

53.8%

50.4%

41.1%

15.1%

32.4%

6.1%

26.6%

22.5%

23.8%

42.8%

1.7%

5.6%

13.1%

6.5%

8.3%

11.1%

9.4%

9.6%

20.3%

0% 20% 40% 60% 80% 100%

Daily living

Law & order

Freedom of speech

Rule of law

Incorruptibility ofofficials

Economic development

Employmentopportunity

Very satisfied Quite satisfied Not quite satisfied Highly dissatisfied No comment

More satisfied with China’s economic than political situations

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Chart: Distribution of respondents by perceived self identity

Chinese25.0%

Hong Kongpeople21.2%

Chinese fromHong Kong

23.3%Hong Kong

people fromChina19.2%

No comment7.0%

Others0.4%

More than oneoption3.9%

Perceived identity is quite evenly distributed

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(Q. 68) I am proud of being Chinese.

(Q. 69) I believe that my hard work will help the development of Mainland China.

(Q 70) I pay more attention to incidents in Mainland China than those in other countries.

(Q71) I am glad that I am a citizen of China and not of other countries

(Q73) If people from other countries are like the Chinese, the world would be better.

(Q74) Even if China makes mistakes, we should still support her.

(Q75) In general, China is much better than other countries.

Items of the General National Pride Index

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The higher the sense of belonging to HK, the higher one’s national pride

Chart: Index of sense of belonging to Hong Kong by

Index of general national pride

3.5

3.23.1

3.0

2.5

2.7

2.9

3.1

3.3

3.5

3.7

1.00-2.00 2.01-3.00 3.01-4.00 4.01-5.00

Index of General National Pride

Inde

x on

se

nse

of

belo

ngin

g to

Hon

g K

ong

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Chart: Contacts with China by General National Pride Index

2.91

3.113.16

3.23

2.7

2.8

2.9

3.0

3.1

3.2

3.3

Daily Weekly Monthly or lessfrequent

No

Physical contacts

Index

The more contact one has with China, the higher one’s General National Pride Index

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2.873.01 2.96

3.063.20 3.22

3.42

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

15 - 19 20 - 24 25 - 29 30 - 39 40 - 49 50 - 59 60 - 69

Overall index

Chart: General National Pride Index by Age

Older cohorts scored higher on General National Pride Index than younger cohorts

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No substantial difference in national pride among people with different levels of education

Chart: General national pride index by educational attainment

3.333.323.183.023.103.09

3.03

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

university post-secondary

matriculation S4-5 S1-3 primary no schooling

Overall index

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Summary of views towards Mainland China – liberal/critical patriotism

• Concerned about Mainland China• Proud of being Chinese• Strong pride in China’s history, culture,

and technological/economic developments• Less pride in China’s politics, rule of law,

bureaucracy, and social welfare system• Respect state’s interests• Take a liberal view towards what behavior

is “unpatriotic”

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Summary (cont’d)

• The more contact one has with Mainland China, the higher one’s national pride

• Perceived identity is quite evenly distributed

• Higher sense of belonging to HK, higher national pride

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III. The World

• Believe in universal values

• Acknowledge moral duties to assist poor countries

• Regard humanitarian intervention as legitimate and appropriate

• Respect people’s diverse religious and ethnic backgrounds

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Chart: Distribution of respondents by whether agree withresponsibilities as global citizens

10.8% 10.4%20.1% 13.5%

72.6% 79.6%73.7%

71.2%

7.7%2.6% 2.0%

4.7%0.7% 0.1% 0.5%

0.5%8.3% 7.3% 3.7% 10.1%

0%

20%

40%

60%

80%

100%

Economic aid topoor countries

Follow world'svalues

Friendship notaffected by race or

religion

UN to intervenecountries

infringing humanrights

Strongly agree Agree Disagree Strongly disagree No Comment

Embrace global citizenship

World (cont’d)

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Conclusion

• HK people have a strong sense of belonging to HK

• HK society as a whole has developed an attachment to China and takes pride in her achievements

• HK people’s national attachment and pride is embedded in a political culture that treasures modern political values such as respect for human rights, civil liberties and democracy

• HK people embrace global citizenship

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