Operational Monitoring & SAR Applications with...

Operational Monitoring & SAR Applications with TerraSAR-X

EUSAR Tutorial, Nürnberg, 23.04.2012

Dr. Oliver Lang, Dr. Jan Anderssohn, Diana WeihingAstrium GEO-Information Services

Practical applications and demonstrations

23 April 2012 - 2

Content

1. Astrium Geo-Information Services & TerraSAR-X mission2. Surface Movement Monitoring

Principles

Example Infrastructure Monitoring

Example Tunnelling

Example oil exploitation

3. TerraSAR-X based Site Monitoring4. New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“5. Conclusion

23 April 2012 - 3

EADS and Astrium Services

* France, Germany, UK, Spain, The Netherlands

Airbus Eurocopter CassidianAstrium

Space TransportationAstrium Satellites

Telecommunications Secure Satcom Systems Navigation

Astrium Services

GEO-Information

100% 99%

Infoterra LtdUnited Kingdom

Infoterra GmbHGermany

Infoterra SGSASpain

100% 60%

Spot Infoterra HellasGreece

81%

23 April 2012 - 4

Astrium GEO-Information Services

The Earth observation division of Astrium Services

an international network of partners & customers

staff: +800 staff (2008), located in 14 countries

turnover: ~165 M€

(2008)

Spot Image Mexico

Spot Image Corporation

Spot Image Peru Spot Image

Brasil

Spot Image

Spot ImagingServices

Spot Asia

BeijingSpot Image Tokyo

Spot Image

InfoterraSpain

France

United-Kingdom

Germany Hungary

Greece

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TerraSAR

Sources –

Continuity

TerraSAR-X1 (PPP)

TanDEM-X (PPP)

Imagery, Monitoring, DEM

Global DEM

Second Generation

service continuity with advancements

more detail (0.5 m, polarization)

governmental mode option

payload enhancement (AIS, TIR)

extension options (constellation, formation)

service subscription, partnerships

Third Generation (HRWS) in preparation (technology, PPP)

TerraSAR-X2

2007 2010 2016

PAZ (Spain)

2013

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PPP (Public-Private-Partnership)

Public-Private Partnership between German Ministry of Education and Science (BMBF) and Astrium Satellites

Cooperation between two equal partners to meet scientific and commercial goals

DLR is the owner of the TanDEM-X data and coordinates their scientific utilization

Astrium contributes to the development cost of the satellite

Astrium designed and manufactures the TanDEM-X satellite

Infoterra exclusively serves the commercial customers

Infoterra will provide a sales-dependent share of the operating costs

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TerraSAR

Sources

–

Archive Data

>> 100,000 scenes collected with TSX1 and TDX

easy-to-use online interface: http://terrasar-x-archive.infoterra.de

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Content


Principles


Example Tunnelling



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Is InSAR ready for operational use?

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PSI: Exploitation of Permanent/Point Reflectors

SBAS: Exploitation of Distributed + Permanent/Point Reflectors

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AmsterdamSurface movements related to infrastructure

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Optical image acquired on December 1, 2009 by SPOT5

Amsterdam

TSX Intensity image

Surface movement

between February 2009 and April 2010

LOS-velocity

-20 [mm/yr] +20

Approach: PSI

Data: 38 TSX

23 April 2012 - 18

Amsterdam

Surface movement


LOS-velocity

-20 [mm/yr] +20

Railway

Approach: PSI

Data: 38 TSX

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Amsterdam

Surface movement


LOS-velocity

-20 [mm/yr] +20

Railway at streetlevel: no subsidence

Railway at bridges: no subsidence

old construction

new construction with outer railway

Railway

Approach: PSI

Data: 38 TSX

23 April 2012 - 20

Amsterdam

Surface movement


LOS-velocity

-20 [mm/yr] +20

Railway at street level: no subsidence

Railway at bridges: no subsidence

Railway at embankment: intense subsidence of the outer two (additional built) lines

Railway

Approach: PSI

Data: 38 TSX

23 April 2012 - 21

Amsterdam -

Conclusions

Various subsidence locations in Amsterdam

occurs at reclaimed land (Houthaven), new built embankments (railway) and subgrades

(Ridderspoorweg

and driveways at Van

Hasseltweg-Station)

Clear differentiation between moving und stable surface

e.g. stable railway bridges and subsiding embankments

23 April 2012 - 22

BudapestSurface movements related to underground building

activities

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Budapest

Metro Line under construction (Metro4)

Optical Image acquired an September 22, 2010 by SPOT 5

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Budapest

Vertical Velocity

-11 [mm/yr] +11

Approach: PSI

Data: 43 TSX

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Budapest

Vertical Velocity

-11 [mm/yr] +11

Approach: PSI

Data: 43 TSX

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Budapest

Why loss of PSI points?

Non coherent?

Non-linear deformation?

Processing errors?

Approach: PSI

Data: 43 TSX

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Budapest

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Budapest

Application of Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) approach

SBAS is able to estimate non- linear movement


Non coherent?


Processing errors?

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Non coherent?


Processing errors?


Non coherent?

Non-linear deformation

Processing errors?

BudapestSBAS result

Approach: SBAS

Data: 43 TSX

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Budapest

Leveling

vs. SBAS comparison

Approach: SBAS

Data: 43 TSX

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Budapest -

Conclusions

PSI

Derived movements are in good correlation with the alignment of the subway line and metro stations

High point density

Fails at non-linear moving areas

SBAS

Resolves non-linear surface movements

Comparison with levelling data shows good accuracy of SBAS result

PSI & SBAS can be integrated joint approach

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Burghan, MinagishSurface movements related to oil production

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Burghan, Minagish

Oil-/Gas production site in Kuwait

Vert. Surface Movement Rate

-10 [mm/yr] +10

production

production

stable

Approach: SBAS

Data: 16 TSX

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Burghan, Minagish

-

Conclusions

Non-linear surface movement estimations with TSX and SBAS powerful demonstrated

Due to high coherence long-term monitoring with SBAS possible (even with a large time gap)

23 April 2012 - 35

Haneda, KunmingSurface movements related to airport construction

23 April 2012 - 36

Haneda, Kunming

Zone

1

Zone

2

Zone

3

Tilting

Subsidence

heterogeneous-15 +15mm/11 days

Approach: SBAS

Data: 4 TSX

Haneda

Airport

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2011

Haneda, Kunming

2009

Kunming Airport

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Haneda, Kunming

Approach: SBAS

Data: 20 TSX

Radargrammetry DEM powered by ASTRIUM

Kunming Airport

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Haneda, Kunming

-155 +155mm/yrApproach: SBAS

Data: 20 TSX

Kunming Airport

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Haneda, Kunming -

Conclusions

Surface movement estimations with TSX and SBAS powerful demonstrated

Long-term coherence is not given for the whole time of building activities

PSI would result in less PSI points

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Is InSAR ready for operational use?

Yes! InSAR can be integrated into classical surveying methods.

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InSAR vs. Levelling

Operational Criteria Terrestrial High Precision Optical Levelling

less fullfilled fullfilled

High Accuracy

Cost effective accessibility of high spatial surveying point density

Cost effective accessibility of high temporal surveying point density

High acceptance through authorities

Cost effective accessible of wide area overview

Satellite based Radarinterferometry

less fulfilledfulfilled

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Content


Principles


Example Tunnelling



23 April 2012 - 44

TerraSAR-X based Site MonitoringApproaches

Intelligence Analysis,

Amplitude Change Detection (ACD): Analysis of intensity of two or more repeat-pass images,

Coherent Change Detection (CCD): Calculation of interferometric coherence of repeat-pass acquisitions for the detection of even subtle changes.

Benefits

Very high location accuracy,

weather and daytime independent provision,

high resolution,

wide area information.

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TerraSAR-X based

Site MonitoringSpecifications

Changes

between

15/01/2010 and 17/02/2010 Changes

between

17/02/2010 and 11/03/2010

CCD

Backscatter

Decrease

Backscatter

Increase

ACD

Change Detection -

Default Information: Amplitude Change Detection Product

RGB composite including TerraSAR-X images

Change layer –

Backscatter increased / decreased

Coherence Change Detection Product

Coherence images

Change layer with potentially changed areas

Position of changes indicated in Backscatter Intensity

Change Detection -

Optional Change assessmentLong time monitoring

23 April 2012 - 46

Coherence

Change Detection

Interferometric coherence, i.e. the measure

of phase

correlation, is

used

as

change

indicator.

Under

stable

conditions, CCD has the potential to detect

even

subtle

changes.

1 high coherence

0 low

coherence

Intensity 1

Intensity 2

Coherence

23 April 2012 - 47

TerraSAR-X based

Site MonitoringLatest

Results

–

Arak, Iran (Heavy Water Research

Reactor)

Backscatter

Intensity Coherence: Dark

pixels

indicate

changesor

activities

23 April 2012 - 48

TerraSAR-X based

Site MonitoringComparison

of SAR / Optical

Analysis –

Arak, Iran

December

15 25 30 520 10 15 20 25 3010

Januar 2011 / 2012

Formosat o✓building construction and

probable earthworks

building construction and new structures (e.g. fence)

Construction: ✓

= detected, o = partially

indicated, x = not

detected

SAR = useful

for

„closing

gaps“e.g. arising

through

clouds

Interferometric Coherence

(11-days)

Activities

Activities

Activities

Activities

Activities

Activities Activities✓ ✓ ✓✓

TerraSAR-X Intensity ✓✓

Dumpsite Earthworks

Changing Objects Changing Objects Changing Objects Changing Objects Changing Objects

✓✓ ✓

23 April 2012 - 49

TerraSAR-X based


Results

–

Qom, Iran (Nuclear

Enrichment

Facility)

Backscatter

Intensity Coherence: Dark

pixels

indicate

changesor

activities

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Estimated

height:xav

= 28 m, θ

= 43.7°

→ Pylon height

≈

27 m

xh )tan(

TerraSAR-X based


Results

–

Qom, Iran

Strong

backscatter, spatially

restricted

most

probably

thin

vertical

metallic object

most

probably

pylons

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TerraSAR-X based

Site MonitoringComparison

of SAR / Optical

Analysis –

Qom, Iran

October

15 25 30 520 10 15 20 25 30 5 1010

November December 2011

TerraSAR-X Intensity o ox ✓New pylonso o

xFormosat

x oPylons: ✓

= detected, o = partially

indicated, x = not

detected

Interferometric Coherence

(11-days)New changes and activities

New changes and activities

New changes and activities

New changes and activities✓ ✓ ✓✓ o

SAR = useful

for

early

detectionand focusing

of further

optical

analysis

23 April 2012 - 52

TerraSAR-X based

Site MonitoringIntegration of SAR / Optical

Analysis –

Approach

Dumpsite Earthworks

Changing Objects

building construction and probable earthworks

SARCoherence Change

Detection (CCD)

High Resolution Optical ImageryVisual Analysis

SARAmplitude Change Detection (ACD)

Very High Resolution Optical

ImageryVisual Analysis

- Detection of subtle surface changes (e.g. through earthworks) in advance to major construction- Initial characterization of activities / objects- Provision of „focus“ areas for identification

- Detection of smaller metallic objects through strong radar backscatter- Characterization of objects (e.g. height, length, width)- Potential for identification of extended objects

- Characterization of activities / objects- Identification of activities / objects

- Characterization of also smaller activities / objects- Identification of also smaller activities / objects

Det

ectio

nD

etec

tion

& Id

entif

icat

ion

Mon

itorin

g S

eque

nce

23 April 2012 - 53

Temporal mean

image

TerraSAR-X High-

Resolution

Spotlight

23 April 2012 - 54

Feature Extraction

Extraction

of infrastructure, e.g

likely

pylons

Coherence Intensity

Input:

TerraSAR-X High-

Resolution

Spotlight

23 April 2012 - 55

CovAmCoh

[Schulz et al., EUSAR 2010]

Input:

TerraSAR-X High-

Resolution

Spotlight

23 April 2012 - 56

Derivation of height

information

from

layover

from

interferometric phase

xh )tan(

Estimated

height

of tower: ~50 m

23 April 2012 - 57

Content


Principles


Example Tunnelling



23 April 2012 - 58

New Astrium GEO Service „GO Monitor“

Integrated approach commercially available in Astrium GEO’s

new

monitoring service “GO Monitor”

Configuration of data acquisition, processing and analysis fully based on customer needs

Included approaches (available in-

house)

IMINT / GEOINT

Surface Movement Monitoring

Sea Ice Monitoring

Oil Spill Monitoring

Asset Monitoring

easy access to monitoring results through dedicated website,

alert function.

For registration please visit https://www.go-monitor.com

Sensorportfolio: SPOT5, Pleiadés

1, Formosat-2, Deimos-1, TerraSAR-X, TanDEM-X

(SPOT6/7; Pleiades

2 soon, PAZ)

23 April 2012 - 59

Content


Principles


Example Tunnelling



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Conclusion

Strong capabilities for monitoring applications using High Resolution TerraSAR-X and sophisticated automated processing chains

Operational Surface Movement Analysis with very high precision, verified with ground-based references

Change Detection: Integrated Concept on a combined SAR / optical monitoring straightforward:

1. SAR CCD

for weather independent and timely

detection

of activities (construction, clear-cutting),

focusing

subsequent analysis using HR and VHR optical data.2. SAR ACD

for weather independent and timely detection of new objects /

changes and

identification3. HR and VHR optical analysis

for specific characterization of

activities

and

identification of changes / new objects

23 April 2012 - 61

Thank

you

for

your

attention

Dr. Oliver LangAstrium GEO-Information

ServicesFriedrichshafen, Germany

Tel: +49 7545 8 5520Email: [email protected]

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