Open ScienceRon Dekker, Seconded National Expert

[opinions are my own]European CommissionDG Research & InnovationA.6-Data, Open Access and Foresight

Open Science in a European PerspectivePolish National Open Access WorkshopWarsaw, 16 November 2016

Contents

What is Open

Science

European

Open SciencePolicy

From Vision

to Action

International Dimension

Next Steps: What

can you do?

Open Science - trend

The way we do science will change, because of• Digitization

Data availability (exponential growth)• Need for transparency and reproducibility

Accountability, responsiveness and transparency• Need to better connect with society at large

Including involvement of citizens; Digital Natives• Need to tackle grand challenges

Open Science – definition

Michael Nielsen: "Open science is the idea that scientific knowledge of all kinds should be openly shared as early as is practical in the discovery process."

scientific knowledge of all kinds: includes journal articles, data, code, online software tools, questions, ideas, and speculations; anything which can be considered knowledge.

as is practical: very often there are other factors (legal, ethical, social, etc) that must be considered.

Open Science – umbrella term

• Open source software• MOOCs/• Open Educational

Resources• Open innovation• Creative commons• Sharing/collaborative

economy • Web 2.0

services and standards Op

en d

ata

Data-intensive

Open t

abbo

oks/

workflo

w

Open

annotation

Scienceblog Collaborative bibliographies

Alternative

reputation

systems

Open

ac

cess

Pre-

prin

t

Open code

Citizen science

Data

-gat

herin

g

Analysis

Publication

ConceptualisationReview

Open Science – an emerging ecosystem

affects virtually all components of doing science and research

Open Science – a new approach to the research process

Moedas (book on Open Innovation, Open Science, Open to the World):“Open Science represents a new approach to the scientific process based on cooperative work and new ways of diffusing knowledge by using digital technologies and new collaborative tools.”

A new approach to the scientific process based on cooperative work and new ways of diffusing knowledge • by using digital technologies and new collaborative tools

Shifting focus from publishing as fast as possible to sharing knowledge as early as possible

Article Accepted

Research is done

Write article

Submit to Journal

Peer review

Revision by authors

Publication accessible via subscription

New research builds on

published results

Publishing process

Manuscript is archived in Repository,

access may face an embargo period

Access is maximized, although delayed

article processing charges paid by institution/funder pays/author

Access is maximized

Source: Adapted from T. Brody and S. Harnad (Southampton University)

Access behind paywall

Have a backup

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Open Science – genesis of EC policy

Extensive stakeholder consultation Public consultation (July-September 2014) Validation workshops (October-December 2014) Final report (February 2015)

http://ec.europa.eu/research/consultations/science-2.0/science_2_0_final_report.pdfStrong support by Member States Competitiveness Council Conclusions ‘Data-Driven Economy' May 2015 Presidency conference Open Science &

Competitiveness Council Conclusions ‘Open Science' May 2016European Open Science Agenda Broad consensus on five policy action lines High Level Expert Groups on 8 Action Lines Open Science Policy Platform Included in the Digital Single Market strategy May 2015

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2

4

6

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10

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7.4 7.4 6.96.2

5.7 5.6 5.5 5.4 5.4 5.34.7

On what issues a need for policy intervention?

EC Consultation – key drivers

Over 80% agree/totally agree Digital technologiesNew ways of disseminating resultsNew ways of collaboration

• Less than 50% agree/totally agreeCitizens acting as scientists

EC Consultation –key drivers

Over 80% agree/totally agree Quality assuranceLack of creditsLack of infrastructuresLimited awareness of benefits

Less than 70% agree/totally agree Concerns about ethical and privacy issues

EC Consultation –key barriers

Focus on Publications and Data

Results (deliverables):

• European Research Area Committee (member states)ERAC Taskforce Report on Open Data

• Open Science Conference AmsterdamAmsterdam Call for Action on Open Science

www.openaccess.nl/en/events/amsterdam-call-for-action-on-open-science

• Competitiveness CouncilConclusions on Transition to Open Science System

www.data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/document/ST-9526-2016-INIT/en/pdf

Dutch EU Presidency 2016-I

TRAINING OF STAKEHOLDERS AND AWARENESS RAISING 1. Promote a better understanding of open research data 2. Establish training and education programs on Open Science3. Establish a reward system for data sharing activities4. Ensure sound monitoring DATA QUALITY AND MANAGEMENT5. Make data identifiable and citable6. Promote metadata standardisation and production of metadata7. Promote innovative models for peer-review and quality assurance 8. Strongly promote the use of data management plans SUSTAINABILITY AND FUNDING 9. Ensure the existence of FAIR open research data infrastructures 10. Ensure funding for open research data and for data sharing activitiesLEGAL ISSUES 11. Make IPR issues insightful

ERAC TF on Optimal Reuse of Research Data

Amsterdam Call for ActionTwo important pan-European goals for 2020:

1. Full open access for all scientific publications

2. A fundamentally new approach towards optimal reuse of research data

Flanking policies

3. New assessment, reward and evaluation systems

4. Alignment of policies and exchange of best practices

Removing barriers to open science1. Change assessment, evaluation and reward systems in science 2. Facilitate text and data mining of content 3. Improve insight into IPR and issues such as privacy 4. Create transparency on the costs and conditions of academic communication

Developing research infrastructures5. Introduce FAIR and secure data principles 6. Set up common e-infrastructures

Fostering and creating incentives for open science7. Adopt open access principles 8. Stimulate new publishing models for knowledge transfer 9. Stimulate evidence-based research on innovations in open science

Mainstreaming and further promoting open science policies10. Develop, implement, monitor and refine open access plans

Stimulating and embedding open science in science and society11. Involve researchers and new users in open science 12. Encourage stakeholders to share expertise and information on open science

Competitiveness Council Conclusions – May 2016Council Conclusions aligned with

• A’dam Call for Action• EC Open Science Agenda

• Stress the importance of Open Science

• Open Science Policy Platform and European Open Science Agenda

• Removing barriers and fostering incentives

• Open access to scientific publications

• Optimal reuse of research data

• Follow-up

• Stress the importance of Open Science1. Open Science as an ongoing transformation2. Potential to increase benefits of science3. Focus on Publications & Data

• Open Science Policy Platform and Open Science Agenda 4. Open Science Policy Platform; Start initiatives; Inform each

other5. Further develop the European Open Science Agenda

• Removing barriers and fostering incentives 6. Results open ASAP; Remove legal barriers7. Impact to Science and Society; QA; Reward Systems; Data

Citation8. TDM for All9. Retain Copyright, use Licensing Models

• Open access to scientific publications 10. Open Access as point of departure; common principles11. Compliance on Open Access12. Open Access in 2020; Funding of new Models; Common

Principles 13. Set Milestones; Monitoring; Facilitate Information Sharing

• Optimal reuse of research data 14. Optimal reuse as point of departure; data as public good 15. Open by default; promote data stewardship; implement

Data Management Plans16. FAIR & Safe Data17. European Open Science Cloud

• Follow-up 18. Advocate Open Science; Coordinate Activities & Information

From Vision to Action

• Open Science Agenda• High Level Expert Groups• Open Science Policy Platform• EC Programmes H2020/FP9

EC Open Science Agenda

Fostering and creating incentives for Open ScienceOpen Science in education programmes and best practicesExtending the input of knowledge producers in an open environment It is also about the quality, impact and research integrity of science

Removing barriers for Open Scienceincludes a review of researchers' careers with a view on creating incentives and awarding researchers for engagement with Open Science

Developing research infrastructures for Open ScienceImprove data hosting, access and governance

Mainstreaming and further promoting Open Access policies to research data and publications

Embedding Open Science in society as a soc-ec driverOpen Science becomes instrumental in making science more responsive to societal and economic expectations.

1. Reward systems2. Measuring quality and impact: altmetrics3. Changing business models for publishing4. FAIR open data 5. Open Science Cloud6. Research integrity7. Citizen Science8. Open education and skills

EC Open Science Agenda – 8 key issues

1. Reward systems2. Measuring quality and impact: altmetrics3. Changing business models for publishing4. FAIR open data 5. Open Science Cloud6. Research integrity7. Citizen Science8. Open education and skills

EC Open Science Agenda – 8 key issues

EC installed/will install 8 High Level Expert Groups

EC installed Open Science Policy Platform

European Open Science Cloud is part of Europe´s ambition to support the transition to Open Science and make the most of data-driven science.

o Strongly stated need: it's cost-effective, and privacy & IPR-conscious

o Virtual environment for all European researchers to store, manage, analyse and re-use data

o Federation of existing and emerging data infrastructures

o Added value: scale, data-driven science, inter-disciplinary, data - to - knowledge - to - innovation

HLEG European Open Science Cloud

3 pillars European Open Science Cloud (EOSC) Integration and consolidation of e-infrastructures Federation of existing research infrastructures and scientific clouds Development of cloud-based services for Open Science Connection of ESFRIs to the EOSC

European Data Infrastructure (EDI) Development and deployment of large-scale European HPC, data

and network infrastructure

Widening access SMEs, Industry at large, Government

COM 2016/178 (19 April 2016) –European Cloud Initiative

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Publication of the HLEG EOSC report

Publication of the report of theHigh Level Expert Group on the European Open Science Cloud(11 October 2016)

Including recommendations on Policy, Governance and Implementation

http://ec.europa.eu/research/openscience/index.cfm?pg=open-science-cloud

HLEG Altmetrics

✓ Examine implications of:✓ emerging social networks; research information systems;✓ citation profiles

✓ Develop a framework for responsible metrics for research qualities and impacts for evaluation of Horizon 2020 and for wider use in the next framework programme

✓ Consider required data infrastructures✓ Assess role of (alt)metrics in research evaluation✓ Consider how altmetrics can be developed to support Open

Science✓ engage stakeholders; consider implications of metrics

HLEG Altmetrics – measuring is changing

✓ What counts as excellence is shaped by how we measure and define “excellence”

✓ What counts as impact is shaped by how we measure and define “impact”

✓ Qualities and interactions are the foundation for “excellence” and “impact” so we should understand those more fundamental processes first

✓ We need different indicators at different levels in the scientific system to inform wise management that strikes the right balance between trust and control

✓ Context crucial for effective data standardization

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Open Science Policy Platform – goals

• Catalyse the transition towards Open ScienceAdvance Open Science in order to radically increase the quality and impact of European science

• Identify the issues Work along the 8 priorities of the Open Science Agenda

Harvest & connect what's happening ' outside' (RDA, MS)Make use of the expert groups, network, outside expertise, best practices, …

Set up/work on new ideas (Right of initiative)• Connect the issues

Have an overarching view

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Open Science Policy Platform – mandate

Function as a dynamic, stakeholder-driven mechanisma. identify the issues to be addressed b. bring up and address issues of concern for the science and

research community

Advise the Commission c. on how to further develop and implement open science policyd. recommendations on the policy actions required and any cross-

cutting issue affecting Open Science

Support policy implementation e. contribute to reviewing best practices, drawing policy guidelines

and encouraging their active uptake by stakeholders

European Commission

Digital Single Market & framework conditions for data:• Copyright - TDM• Data Protection• Free Flow of Data• …

ERA & framework conditions for actors:• European Charter for

researchers • Code of conduct for

Research Integrity• Charter for Access to

Research Infra• …

Open Science Policy Platform

Wide input from stakeholders:• ad-hoc meetings and workshops• e-platform with wider community• reports and independent experts

on Open Science Cloud on Altmetrics on new Publishing Models on FAIR Open Data

opinions

context

European Open Science Agenda

Open Science Policy Platform

on Reward & Evaluation Systems on Citizen Science on Research Integrity on Open Education & Skills

advice

EC Programmes – research data open by default

• Horizon 2020 grantees are required to• deposit underlying research data in a repository• take measures to grant access to the research data

• Horizon 2020 grantees are encouraged to share datasets beyond publication

• FAIR data• Findable + Accessible + Interoperable + Re-usable

From FP7 to H2020: OA to publicationsfrom pilot to underlying principle

• Obligation to provide OA, either through the Green or Gold wayin all areas; deposition mandatory either way

• Allowed embargoes: 6 to 12 months (depending on discipline)

• Gold open access costs eligible for reimbursementas part of the project budget while the project runs & post-grant support being piloted through OpenAIRE

• Authors encouraged to retain copyrightgrant licences instead

Projects must have a Data Management Plan

The Open Research Data Pilot has been extended to cover all thematic areas of Horizon 2020 as of the Work Programme 2017

A Data Management Plan provides information on:• The data the research will generate• How to ensure its curation, preservation and sustainability• What parts of that data will be open (and how)

The international dimension of Open Access

• Robust open access policies around the world • not only European

• Strong US OA mandate for federally funded research agencies with budget of over 100 million $ (NIH, NSF, …)

• Strong Green OA mandate in Latin America (SCIELO)• Strong OA policies also in Canada, Australia, Japan...• Developing policies in other countries,

e.g. China, Russia, India, South Africa, Kenya• Key non-state funders also have robust mandates

Wellcome Trust, Gates Foundation, ...

Open Science and the G7

G7 Science and Technology Ministers’ Meeting in Tsukuba, Ibaraki, May 2016• 6: Open Science ‐ Entering into a New Era for Science:• Putting into Practice New Framework of Research and Knowledge

Discovery, Sharing, and Utilization through Openness• We support taking the following actions:

i. i. Establish a working group on open science with the aims of sharing open science policies, exploring supportive incentive structures, and identifying good practices for promoting increasing access to the results of publicly funded research, including scientific data and publications, coordinating as appropriate with the Organisation for Economic Co‐operation and Development (OECD) and Research Data Alliance (RDA), and other relevant groups; and

ii. ii. Promote international coordination and collaboration to develop the appropriate technology, infrastructure, including digital networks, and human resources for the effective utilization of open science for the benefit of all.

Further developing Open Science with the G20

• The G20 Science, Technology and Innovation Ministers Meeting of 4 November 2016 stated:

• 'We encourage discussion on open science and access to publicly-funded research results on findable, accessible, interoperable and re-usable (FAIR) principles in order to increase collaboration on science and research activities'.

Open Science and the G7 & OECD

G7-Autumn 2017, ItalyG7 scheduled to adopt statement on Open Science with special reference to global dimension of Open Science Cloud and Rewards for Researchers to engage with Open Science

Global Science Forum under the OECD is developing a framework for open and inclusive collaboration in Science in order to define future work priorities on Open Science

What can you do – some personal thoughts

• Ecosystem implies an Inclusive ApproachMake use of expertise, infrastructures, etc. from other stakeholdersJoin forces, also outside Europe (science is global, knowledge transfer also)Essential for solving today’s complex societal & grand challenges

• It’s also about Data (and software and integrity and …)More data than all researchers could ever analyse

• It’s about ImpactFunders want more return get out of the system where Impact is limited to

scientific impact (= among peers) and further limited by taking the Journal Impact Factor as the main indicator.Real Impact deals with science, innovation, society and education

• Open as a PrincipleWe need to better connect science with innovation and to the world:Open Science, Open Innovation, Open to the World

Open Science – what is at stake?

In total in 2014, LERU members alone had an economic impact across Europe of• €71.2 billion Gross

Value Added• 900,000 jobs

• Study by BiGGAR economics• www.biggareconomics.co.uk

Thank you

Ron.DEKKER@ec.europa.eu