Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

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  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

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    Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=H@XNAG d d x ~ p z a p g o i j w @ x i b M o a i b $ : 6 6 =

    Jw Komi ^hhdw Jzori ai` Zgnmaz` V) A`dhz

    : 6 6 = K o m i ^ h h d w J z o r i a i ` Z g n m a z ` V ) A ` d h z

    Komi ^hhdw Jzori g~ a Ug~gpgib ^nmodaz ai` A`ug~oz po pmh Vzouo~p ap pmh Xiguhz~gpw oe ^oxpmhziNadgeoziga -X^N' ai` Gi`hvhi`hip No,Nmagzlai oe a Ihr @hdogpph Zh~haznm Nhiphz) Mh g~ pmh eozlhzNmghe nghipg~p oe ]hzo} ai` @gzhnpoz oe gp~ Vado Adpo Zh~haznm Nhiphz -VAZN') Laiw oe mg~ vxjdgna,pgoi~ ai` vzh~hipapgoi~ azh oi mg~ rhj~gph -mppv;//rrr)komi~hhdwjzori)nol') Zgnmaz` V) A`dhz g~ aZh~haznm Aeegdgaph ap pmh Gi~pgpxph eoz pmh Expxzh gi Vado Adpo ai` Vzgingvad oe Vhovdh % Phnmiodobw$ azh~haznm ai` noi~xdpgib egzl gi Nxvhzpgio$ Nadgeoziga)

    Lozh pmai oih,pmgz` oe pmh rozd`~vovxdapgoi g~ xi`hz :6) Pmhzhazh ouhz >6 lgddgoi vhovdh po`awqxadgegh` po hiphz a xiguhz~gpwrmo mauh io vdanh po bo) @xzgibpmh ih}p hna`h$ pmg~ >6 lgddgoirgdd bzor po 166 lgddgoi) Po lhhppmg~ ~pabbhzgib hlai`$ a lakozxiguhz~gpw ihh`~ po jh nzhaph`hanm rhhc)

    ^gz Komi @aighd$ 1775

    mh rozd` ma~ jhnolh ginzha~gibdw edap$ a~ Pol Ezgh`lai

    ma~ ~mori) Pmaic~ po la~~guh glvzouhlhip~ gi nollxig,

    napgoi~ ai` pzai~vozpapgoi$ ugzpxaddw aiw vdanh oi hazpm nai

    jh noiihnph` po lazchp~ aiwrmhzh hd~h oi hazpm ai` nai

    jhnolh bdojaddw nolvhpgpguh)1 Jxp ap pmh ~alh pglh pmap pmh

    rozd` ma~ jhnolh edapphz$ gp ma~ ad~o jhnolh ~vgcghz; pmh

    vdanh~ pmap azh bdojaddw nolvhpgpguh azh pmo~h pmap mauh zo,

    jx~p donad hno~w~phl~ oe zh~oxznh~ ~xvvozpgib giiouapgoi ai` vzo`xnpguh,

    ih~~): A chw vazp oe aiw ~xnm hno~w~phl g~ a rhdd,h`xnaph` rozceoznh rgpm

    pmh zhqxg~gph nolvhpgpguh ~cgdd~) Ai` gi a zavg`dw nmaibgib rozd`$ pmh~h hno,~w~phl~ lx~p iop oidw ~xvvdw pmg~ rozceoznh jxp ad~o vzoug`h ~xvvozp eoz

    noipgixox~ dhazigib ai` eoz pmh oibogib nzhapgoi oe ihr g`ha~ ai` ~cgdd~)

    Ph} p g d d x~ pzap g oi~ :66= ^x~ ai H) Mau g d ai`

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

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    1= H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    Ge annh~~ po mgbmhz h`xnapgoi g~ a ihn,h~~azw hdhlhip gi h}vai`gib hnoiolgnvzo~vhzgpw ai` glvzougib pmh qxadgpw oe

    dgeh$ pmhi rh ihh` po a``zh~~ pmh vzojdhloe pmh bzorgib bdojad `hlai` eoz h`xna,pgoi$ a~ g`hipgegh` jw ^gz Komi @aighd)>Nolvoxi`gib pmg~ nmaddhibh oe `hlai`ezol noddhbh,abh ~px`hip~ g~ pmh eanp pmappmh rozd` g~ nmaibgib ap ai huhz,ea~phzvanh) Ehr oe x~ po`aw rgdd mauh a eg}h`$~gibdh nazhhz3 gi~pha`$ rh azh dgchdw poeoddor a pzakhnpozw pmap hinolva~~h~lxdpgvdh nazhhz~) A~ rh louh ezol na,zhhz po nazhhz$ lxnm oe rmap rh rgdd ihh`po cior rgdd iop jh rmap rh dhazih` gi~nmood `hna`h~ hazdghz) Rh azh hiphzgib a

    rozd` gi rmgnm rh add rgdd mauh po anqxgzhihr ciordh`bh ai` ~cgdd~ oi ai adlo~pnoipgixox~ ja~g~)

    Gp g~ xidgchdw pmap ~xeegnghip zh~oxznh~rgdd jh auagdajdh po jxgd` hioxbm ihrnalvx~h~ po lhhp pmh bzorgib bdojad `h,lai` eoz mgbmhz h`xnapgoiap dha~p ioppmh ~ozp oe nalvx~h~ pmap rh mauh pza`g,pgoiaddw jxgdp eoz noddhbh~ ai` xiguhz~gpgh~)Ioz g~ gp dgchdw pmap pmh nxzzhip lhpmo`~ oephanmgib ai` dhazigib rgdd ~xeegnh po vzh,vazh ~px`hip~ eoz pmh dguh~ pmap pmhw rgdd

    dha` gi pmh prhipw,egz~p nhipxzw)

    Pmh Jzhrgib Vhzehnp ^pozloe OvvozpxigpwEozpxiaphdw$ uazgox~ gigpgapguh~ daxinmh`ouhz pmh va~p ehr whaz~ mauh nzhaph`a ~hzgh~ oe jxgd`gib jdonc~ pmap noxd`vzoug`h pmh lhai~ eoz pzai~eozlgib pmhraw~ gi rmgnm rh vzoug`h h`xnapgoi ai`~xvvozp dhazigib) Lxnm oe pmg~ anpgugpwma~ jhhi hiajdh` ai` gi~vgzh` jw pmhbzorpm ai` huodxpgoi oe pmh Giphzihp$rmgnm ma~ nzhaph` a bdojad vdapeozl

    pmap ma~ ua~pdw h}vai`h` annh~~ po add~ozp~ oe zh~oxznh~$ gindx`gib eozlad ai`gieozlad h`xnapgoiad laphzgad~) Pmh Gi,phzihp ma~ ad~o eo~phzh` a ihr nxdpxzh oe~mazgib$ oih gi rmgnm noiphip g~ ezhhdwnoipzgjxph` ai` `g~pzgjxph` rgpm ehrzh~pzgnpgoi~ oz no~p~)

    Azbxajdw$ pmh lo~p ug~gjdh glvanp oepmh Giphzihp oi h`xnapgoi po `aph ma~jhhi pmh Ovhi H`xnapgoiad Zh~oxznh~-OHZ' louhlhip$ rmgnm ma~ vzoug`h`

    ezhh annh~~ po a rg`h zaibh oe noxz~h~ai` opmhz h`xnapgoiad laphzgad~ poaiwoih rmo raip~ po x~h pmhl) Pmh

    louhlhip jhbai gi :661 rmhi pmh Rgd,dgal ai` Edoza Mhrdhpp ai` pmh Ai`zhr

    R) Lhddoi eoxi`apgoi~ kogipdw exi`h`LGP~ OvhiNoxz~hRazh -ONR' gigpga,pguh$ rmgnm po`aw vzoug`h~ ovhi annh~~po xi`hzbza`xaph, ai` bza`xaph,dhuhdlaphzgad~ ai` lo`xdh~ ezol lozh pmai1$266 noxz~h~ -nouhzgib ugzpxaddw add oeLGP~ nxzzgnxdxl') LGP~ gigpgapguh ma~gi~vgzh` mxi`zh`~ oe opmhz noddhbh~ai` xiguhz~gpgh~ gi pmh Xigph` ^paph~ai` ajzoa` po kogi pmh louhlhip ai`noipzgjxph pmhgz ori ovhi h`xnapgoiad

    zh~oxznh~)0 Pmh Giphzihp ma~ ad~o jhhix~h` po vzoug`h ~px`hip~ rgpm `gzhnpannh~~ po mgbm,qxadgpw -ai` pmhzheozh~naznh ai` h}vhi~guh' pood~ dgch phdh,~novh~$ ~naiigib hdhnpzoi lgnzo~novh~$ai` ~xvhznolvxphz ~glxdapgoi lo`hd~$addorgib ~px`hip~ po hibabh vhz~oiaddwgi zh~haznm)

    Pmh daph~p huodxpgoi oe pmh Giphzihp$pmh ~o,naddh` Rhj :)6$ ma~ jdxzzh` pmhdgih jhprhhi vzo`xnhz~ ai` noi~xlhz~oe noiphip ai` ma~ ~mgeph` apphipgoi ezol

    annh~~ po gieozlapgoi poraz` annh~~ poopmhz vhovdh) Ihr cgi`~ oe oidgih zh,~oxznh~~xnm a~ ~ongad ihprozcgib ~gph~$jdob~$ rgcg~$ ai` ugzpxad nollxigpgh~mauh addorh` vhovdh rgpm nolloi gi,phzh~p~ po lhhp$ ~mazh g`ha~$ ai` noddajo,zaph gi giiouapguh raw~) Gi`hh`$ pmh Rhj:)6 g~ nzhapgib a ihr cgi` oe vazpgngvapozwlh`gxl pmap g~ g`had eoz ~xvvozpgib lxd,pgvdh lo`h~ oe dhazigib)

    ^ongad DhazigibPmh lo~p vzoeoxi` glvanp oe pmh Giphz,

    ihp$ ai glvanp pmap ma~ whp po jh exddw zhad,g{h`$ g~ gp~ ajgdgpw po ~xvvozp ai` h}vai`pmh uazgox~ a~vhnp~ oe ~ongad dhazigib)

    Rmap `o rh lhai jw ~ongad dhazigib?Vhzmav~ pmh ~glvdh~p raw po h}vdagi pmg~noinhvp g~ po ioph pmap ~ongad dhazigib g~ja~h` oi pmh vzhlg~h pmap oxz xi`hz~pai`,gib oe noiphip g~ ~ongaddw noi~pzxnph`pmzoxbm noiuhz~apgoi~ ajoxp pmap noi,phip ai` pmzoxbm bzoxi`h` giphzanpgoi~$h~vhngaddw rgpm opmhz~$ azoxi` vzojdhl~

    oz anpgoi~) Pmh eonx~ g~ iop ~o lxnm oirmap rh azh dhazigib jxp oi mor rh azhdhazigib)8

    Nolvhddgib hug`hinh eoz pmh gl,vozpainh oe ~ongad giphzanpgoi po dhazi,gib nolh~ ezol pmh dai`lazc ~px`w jwZgnmaz` K) Dgbmp$ oe pmh Mazuaz` Bza`xaph^nmood oe H`xnapgoi$ oe ~px`hip~ noddhbh/xiguhz~gpw h}vhzghinh) Dgbmp `g~nouhzh`pmap oih oe pmh ~pzoibh~p `hphzlgiaip~ oe~px`hip~ ~xnnh~~ gi mgbmhz h`xnapgoilozh glvozpaip pmai pmh `hpagd~ oe pmhgzgi~pzxnpoz~ phanmgib ~pwdh~ra~ pmhgzajgdgpw po eozl oz vazpgngvaph gi ~ladd~px`w bzoxv~) ^px`hip~ rmo ~px`gh` gibzoxv~$ huhi oidw oinh a rhhc$ rhzh

    lozh hibabh` gi pmhgz ~px`gh~$ rhzh jhpphzvzhvazh` eoz nda~~$ ai` dhazih` ~gbigeg,naipdw lozh pmai ~px`hip~ rmo rozch`oi pmhgz ori)5

    Pmh hlvma~g~ oi ~ongad dhazigib ~pai`~gi ~mazv noipza~p po pmh pza`gpgoiad Nazph,~gai ughr oe ciordh`bh ai` dhazigiba

    ughr pmap ma~ dazbhdw `olgiaph` pmh rawh`xnapgoi ma~ jhhi ~pzxnpxzh` eoz ouhzoih mxi`zh` whaz~) Pmh Nazph~gai vhz,~vhnpguh a~~xlh~ pmap ciordh`bh g~ a cgi`oe ~xj~painh ai` pmap vh`abobw noinhzi~

    pmh jh~p raw po pzai~ehz pmg~ ~xj~painh ezolphanmhz~ po ~px`hip~) Jw noipza~p$ gi~pha` oe~pazpgib ezol pmh Nazph~gai vzhlg~h oe Gpmgic$ pmhzheozh G al$ ai` ezol pmh a~~xlv,pgoi pmap ciordh`bh g~ ~olhpmgib pmap g~pzai~ehzzh` po pmh ~px`hip uga uazgox~ vh`a,bobgnad ~pzaphbgh~$ pmh ~ongad ughr oe dhazi,gib ~aw~$ Rh vazpgngvaph$ pmhzheozh rh azh)

    Pmg~ vhz~vhnpguh ~mgep~ pmh eonx~ oeoxz apphipgoi ezol pmh noiphip oe a ~xj,khnp po pmh dhazigib anpgugpgh~ ai` mxlaigiphzanpgoi~ azoxi` rmgnm pmap noiphipg~ ~gpxaph`) Pmg~ vhz~vhnpguh ad~o mhdv~

    po h}vdagi pmh heehnpguhih~~ oe ~px`wbzoxv~) ^px`hip~ gi pmh~h bzoxv~ nai a~cqxh~pgoi~ po ndazgew azha~ oe xinhzpagipwoz noiex~goi$ nai glvzouh pmhgz bza~v oepmh laphzgad jw mhazgib pmh ai~rhz~ poqxh~pgoi~ ezol ehddor ~px`hip~$ ai` vhz,mav~ lo~p vorhzexddw$ nai pach oi pmh zodhoe phanmhz po mhdv opmhz bzoxv lhljhz~jhihegp ezol pmhgz xi`hz~pai`gib -oih oepmh jh~p raw~ po dhazi ~olhpmgib g~$ aephzadd$ po phanm gp po opmhz~')

    Pmh lo~p vzoeoxi` glvanp oe pmh Giphzihp g~ gp~ ajgdgpw po ~xvvozp ai`h}vai` pmh uazgox~ a~vhnp~ oe ~ongad dhazigib)

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

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    Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=H@XNAX^H z h u g h r

    gib g~ vzoug`h` jw pmh `g~pzgjxph` ugzpxadnollxigpgh~ oe vzanpgnh gi rmgnm vhovdhrozc pobhpmhz uodxipazgdw po `huhdov ai`lagipagi ovhi ~oxznh ~oeprazh) Pmh ovhi~oxznh louhlhip ma~ vzo`xnh` ~oeprazh~xnm a~ pmh Dgix} ovhzapgib ~w~phl ai`pmh Avanmh rhj ~hzuhz$ rmgnm mauh oe,

    ehzh` ~xzvzg~gibdw zojx~p adphziapguh~ ponollhzngad vzo`xnp~) Pmh~h zh~oxznh~azh pwvgnaddw la`h auagdajdh ap io no~p povophipgad x~hz~$ rmo azh ad~o giugph` ponmaibh oz glvzouh pmh zh~oxznh~ a~ doiba~ pmhw abzhh po ezhhdw ~mazh pmhgz noipzg,jxpgoi~ rgpm opmhz~)

    Ovhi ~oxznh nollxigpgh~ mauh `h,uhdovh` a rhdd,h~pajdg~mh` vapm jw rmgnmihrnolhz~ nai dhazi pmh zovh~ ai`jhnolh pzx~ph` lhljhz~ oe pmh nol,lxigpw pmzoxbm a vzonh~~ oe dhbgpglaphvhzgvmhzad vazpgngvapgoi) Ihr lhljhz~

    pwvgnaddw jhbgi vazpgngvapgib gi ai ovhi~oxznh nollxigpw jw rozcgib oi zhda,pguhdw ~glvdh$ ioinzgpgnad `huhdovlhipvzokhnp~ ~xnm a~ jxgd`gib oz glvzougib~oeprazh `zguhz~ -h)b)$ vzgip `zguhz~') A~pmhw `hloi~pzaph pmhgz ajgdgpw po lachx~hexd noipzgjxpgoi~ ai` po rozc gi pmh`g~pginpguh ~pwdh ai` ~hi~gjgdgpgh~/pa~ph oepmap nollxigpw$ pmhw azh giugph` po pachoi lozh nhipzad vzokhnp~) Pmo~h rmo jh,nolh pmh lo~p vzoegnghip law jh a~ch`po kogi pmh giihz ngzndh oe vhovdh rozcgib

    oi pmh nzgpgnad chzihd no`h oe pmh ~w~phl)Po`aw$ pmhzh azh ajoxp oih lgddgoi vhovdhhibabh` gi `huhdovgib ai` zhegigibovhi ~oxznh vzo`xnp~$ ai` ihazdw add azhglvzougib pmhgz ~cgdd~ jw vazpgngvapgibgi ai` noipzgjxpgib po pmh~h ihprozch`nollxigpgh~ oe vzanpgnh)

    ^ginh pmh ovhi ~oxznh louhlhip g~ja~h` oi pmh `huhdovlhip oe nolvxphz~oeprazh$ vazpgngvapgoi g~ heehnpguhdw dgl,gph` po vhovdh rgpm vzobzallgib ~cgdd~)Jxp gp~ vzgingvdh~ mauh jhhi a`ovph` jwnollxigpgh~ `h`gnaph` po pmh nzhapgoi oe

    opmhz$ lozh rg`hdw annh~~gjdh pwvh~ oe zh,~oxznh~) Vhzmav~ pmh jh~p ciori h}alvdhg~ Rgcgvh`ga$ pmh oidgih ovhi ~oxznhhinwndovh`ga pmap ma~ nmaddhibh` pmh~xvzhlanw oe nollhzngad hinwndovh`ga~)Jhnolgib a pzx~ph` noipzgjxpoz po Rgcg,vh`ga giuoduh~ a vzonh~~ oe dhbgpglaphvhzgvmhzad vazpgngvapgoi pmap g~ ~glgdaz popmh vzonh~~ gi ovhi ~oxznh ~oeprazh nol,lxigpgh~) Aiw zha`hz nai lo`gew pmh ph}poe ai hipzw oz noipzgjxph ihr hipzgh~) Jxp

    hwh oe a la~phz$ pmzoxbm a vzonh~~ pmap ma~jhhi `h~nzgjh` a~ dhbgpglaph vhzgvmhzadvazpgngvapgoi32 pmhw pmhi vzobzh~~ po lozh`hlai`gib pa~c~ a~ pmhgz ~cgdd~ glvzouh)Pmh ~px`go ~w~phl gi aznmgphnpxzh zhvzh,

    ~hip~ aiopmhz h}alvdh oe ~ongad dhazigibxi`hz pmh bxg`ainh oe ai h~pajdg~mh`vzanpgpgoihz) Gi pmg~ ~w~phl$ ~px`hip~ rozcpobhpmhz gi a nolloi ~vanh ai` vhzgvm,hzaddw vazpgngvaph gi hanm opmhz~ `h~gbivzonh~~3 mhinh pmhw nai jhihegp ezol pmhgzgi~pzxnpoz~ nollhip~ oi ai` nzgpgqxh~ oeopmhz ~px`hip~ vzokhnp~ ai` iop kx~p ezolnollhip~ oi pmhgz ori rozc)

    A noiphlvozazw lo`hd pmap h}hlvdg,egh~ pmh vorhz oe pmg~ pwvh oe ~ongad dhazi,

    Dhazigib po JhPmhzh g~ a ~hnoi`$ vhzmav~ huhi lozh~gbigegnaip$ a~vhnp oe ~ongad dhazigib) La~,phzgib a eghd` oe ciordh`bh giuoduh~ iopoidw dhazigib ajoxp pmh ~xjkhnp lapphz

    jxp ad~o dhazigib po jh a exdd vazpgngvaipgi pmh eghd`) Pmg~ giuoduh~ anqxgzgib pmhvzanpgnh~ ai` pmh iozl~ oe h~pajdg~mh`vzanpgpgoihz~ gi pmap eghd` oz annxdpxzapgibgipo a nollxigpw oe vzanpgnh) Mg~pozgnaddw$avvzhipgnh~mgv vzobzal~ ai` ~xvhzug~h`bza`xaph zh~haznm mauh vzoug`h` ~px`hip~rgpm ovvozpxigpgh~ po oj~hzuh ai` pmhipo hlxdaph mor h}vhzp~ exinpgoi) Av,vzhipgnh~ pza`gpgoiaddw jhbgi dhazigib jwpacgib oi ~glvdh pa~c~$ xi`hz pmh rapnmexd

    u~)

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    4/10

    :6 H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    oidw lozh h}vhzghinh` ai` lozh pzx~ph`gi`gug`xad~ azh giugph` po jhnolh a`lgi,g~pzapoz~ rmo mauh annh~~ po mgbmhz,dhuhd

    h`gpgib pood~)=Pmh ovhiih~~ oe Rgcgvh`ga g~ gi,

    ~pzxnpguh gi aiopmhz raw; jw ndgncgib oipaj~ pmap avvhaz oi huhzw vabh$ a x~hz naiha~gdw zhughr pmh mg~pozw oe aiw azpgndh a~rhdd a~ noipzgjxpoz~ oibogib `g~nx~~goioe ai` ~olhpglh~ eghznh `hjaph~ azoxi`gp~ noiphip$ rmgnm oeehz x~hexd gi~gbmp~gipo pmh vzanpgnh~ ai` ~pai`az`~ oe pmhnollxigpw pmap g~ zh~voi~gjdh eoz nzh,apgib pmap hipzw gi Rgcgvh`ga) -Gi ~olhna~h~$ Rgcgvh`ga azpgndh~ ~pazp rgpm gigpgadnoipzgjxpgoi~ jw va~~goiaph alaphxz~$

    eoddorh` jw noipzgjxpgoi~ ezol vzoeh~,~goiad ~nmodaz~/zh~haznmhz~ rmo rhgbm gioi pmh egiad uhz~goi~) Mhzh g~ rmhzh pmhnoiph~ph` vazp oe pmh laphzgad jhnolh~lo~p x~hexddw hug`hip)' Gi pmg~ ovhihiugzoilhip$ jopm pmh noiphip ai` pmhvzonh~~ jw rmgnm gp g~ nzhaph` azh hqxaddw

    ug~gjdh$ pmhzhjw hiajdgib a ihr cgi` oenzgpgnad zha`gibadlo~p a ihr eozl oedgphzanwpmap giugph~ pmh zha`hz po kogi gipmh noi~g`hzapgoi oe rmap gieozlapgoi g~zhdgajdh ai`/oz glvozpaip)

    Gi a pza`gpgoiad Nazph~gai h`xnapgoiad~w~phl$ ~px`hip~ law ~vhi` whaz~ dhazi,gib ajoxp a ~xjkhnp3 oidw aephz ala~~gib~xeegnghip -h}vdgngp' ciordh`bh azh pmhwh}vhnph` po ~pazp anqxgzgib pmh -pangp'ciordh`bh oz vzanpgnh oe mor po jh ai an,pguh vzanpgpgoihz/vzoeh~~goiad gi a eghd`)7Jxp ughrgib dhazigib a~ pmh vzonh~~ oekogigib a nollxigpw oe vzanpgnh zhuhz~h~pmg~ vapphzi ai` addor~ ihr ~px`hip~ pohibabh gi dhazigib po jh huhi a~ pmhw azhla~phzgib pmh noiphip oe a eghd`) Pmg~ hi,noxzabh~ pmh vzanpgnh oe rmap Komi @hrhw

    naddh` vzo`xnpguh giqxgzwpmap g~$ pmhvzonh~~ oe ~hhcgib pmh ciordh`bh rmhi gpg~ ihh`h` gi oz`hz po nazzw oxp a vazpgnxdaz~gpxaph` pa~c)

    Ihr Pood~ eoz H}phi`gib H`xnapgoi;^ongad Dhazigib OidgihIor dhp~ dooc ap ~olh oe pmh raw~ girmgnm phnmiodobw ma~ jhbxi po nmaibhpmh balh gi h`xnapgoi jw dhuhzabgib pmhvophipgad oe ~ongad dhazigibai` dhp~ pzw

    po g`hipgew ~olh oe pmh raw~ gi rmgnmphnmiodobw noxd` jzgib ajoxp huhi lozheaz,zhanmgib nmaibh~ pmap nai jhpphz~hzuh pmh ihh`~ oe prhipw,egz~p nhipxzw~px`hip~)

    A nxzzhip h}alvdh oe ai apphlvp pomazih~~ pmh vorhz oe ~px`w bzoxv~ gi a

    ugzpxad hiugzoilhip g~ pmh Phzza Ginob,igpa vzokhnp oe pmh Xiguhz~gpw oe ^oxpmhzi

    Qxhhi~dai` -Ax~pzadga'$ rmgnm ma~ jxgdpa nda~~zool gi ^hnoi` Dgeh$ pmh oidgih

    ugzpxad rozd` pmap ma~ appzanph` lgddgoi~oe x~hz~)16 Gi a``gpgoi po ~xvvozpgibdhnpxzh,~pwdh phanmgib$ Phzza Ginobigpagindx`h~ pmh navajgdgpw eoz ~ladd bzoxv~oe ~px`hip~ rmo raip po rozc pobhpmhz poha~gdw jzhac oee ezol pmh nhipzad nda~~,zool jheozh zhkogigib pmh hipgzh nda~~)

    Gi pmg~ ovhi hiugzoilhip$ jopm pmh noiphip ai` pmh vzonh~~ jw rmgnm gp g~nzhaph azh hqxaddw ug~gjdh$ pmhzhjw hiajdgib a ihr cgi oe nzgpgnad zha`gib)

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    5/10

    :: H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    Gi~pzxnpoz~ nai ug~gp oz ~hi` lh~~abh~po aiw oe pmh jzhacoxp bzoxv~ ai` nai~xlloi pmhl po zhkogi pmh dazbhz bzoxv)

    Aiopmhz giphzh~pgib h}vhzglhip gi^hnoi` Dgeh ra~ pmh Mazuaz` Dar ^nmoodai` Mazuaz` H}phi~goi ^nmood eadd :665

    noxz~h naddh` NwjhzOih; Dar gi pmhNoxzp oe Vxjdgn Ovgigoi) Pmh noxz~h ra~oeehzh` ap pmzhh dhuhd~ oe vazpgngvapgoi)Egz~p$ ~px`hip~ hizoddh` gi Mazuaz` Dar

    ^nmood rhzh ajdh po apphi` pmh nda~~ givhz~oi) hnoi`$ ioidar ~nmood ~px`hip~noxd` hizodd gi pmh nda~~ pmzoxbm pmh Maz,

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    pmhgz oeegnh moxz~ rgpmgi ^hnoi` Dgeh)Ai` ap pmh pmgz` dhuhd$ aiw vazpgngvaip gi^hnoi` Dgeh noxd` zhughr pmh dhnpxzh~ ai`opmhz noxz~h laphzgad~ oidgih ap io no~p)

    Pmg~ h}vhzglhip ~xbbh~p~ oih raw pmappmh ~ongad dgeh oe Giphzihp,ja~h` ugzpxadh`xnapgoi nai noh}g~p rgpm ai` h}phi`

    pza`gpgoiad h`xnapgoi)A uhzw geehzhip ~ozp oe gigpgapguh pmap g~

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    rhdd a~ Giphzihp noiihnpgoi~') Rmgdh pmhdhnpxzh~ azh jhgib vdawh` oi a loigpoz-rmgnm g~ oephi vorhzh` jw a japphzw$ ~ginhlaiw vazpgngvapgib ~nmood~ ad~o danc zhdg,ajdh hdhnpzgngpw'$ a lh`gapoz$ rmo noxd`jh a donad phanmhz oz ~glvdw a jzgbmp ~px,`hip$ vhzgo`gnaddw vax~h~ pmh ug`ho ai`hinoxzabh~ hibabhlhip aloib pmh ~px,`hip~ jw a~cgib qxh~pgoi~ oz gigpgapgib`g~nx~~goi~ ajoxp pmh laphzgad pmhw azhrapnmgib) Pmh zhnoz`h` dhnpxzh~ vzoug`hpmh h`xnapgoiad noiphip$ ai` pmh donad

    lh`gapoz~ ~pglxdaph pmh giphzanpgoi pmapanpguhdw hibabh~ pmh ~px`hip~ ai` gi,nzha~h~ pmh dgchdgmoo` pmap pmhw rgdd `h,

    uhdov a zhad xi`hz~pai`gib oe pmh dhnpxzhlaphzgad pmzoxbm eonx~h` noiuhz~apgoi)1:

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    ai` gi laiw opmhz vazp~ oe pmh rozd`azh adzha`w giuoduh` rgpm oidgih ~ongadihprozc~ pmap gindx`h pmhgz ezghi`~) KomiCgib$ pmh a~~ongaph vzouo~p oe pmh Xiguhz,~gpw oe Lgnmgbai$ ma~ apphlvph` po jzgibapphipgoi po pmg~ vmhiolhioi jw a~cgibmor laiw ~px`hip~ azh jhgib paxbmp hanm

    whaz jw mg~ gi~pgpxpgoi) Adpmoxbm ajoxp06$666 ~px`hip~ azh hizoddh` gi nda~~h~oi pmh xiguhz~gpw~ nalvx~ gi Aii Azjoz$Cgib jhdghuh~ pmap pmh anpxad ixljhz oe

    NwjhzOih Nda~~zool gi hnoi` Dgeh^oxznh; mppv;//jdob~)dar)mazuaz )h`x/uuuu/egdh~/:665/67/NwjhzOih_:665 ,67,:1)vib

    Gp ~hhl~ dgchdw pmap a bzhap had oe gieozlad dhazigib g~ pacgib vdanh jopmoi ai` oee nalvx~ uga pmh oidgih ~ongad ihprozc~)

    Phzza Ginobigpa^oxznh; mppv;//rrr)x~q)h`x)ax/ihr~huhip~/huhip~/oidgihdhazigib)mpl

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    6/10

    :0 H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    ~px`hip~ jhgib zhanmh` jw pmh ~nmoodpo`aw g~ ndo~hz po :86$666)1> Eoz pmh va~pehr whaz~$ mh vogip~ oxp$ ginolgib ~px,

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    A``gib Nollxigpw po Noiphip;Dhazigib po Jh pmzoxbmh,^nghinh ai` h,Mxlaigpgh~Pmh h,^nghinh louhlhip g~ vzoug`gib

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    ~goiad a~pzoiolhz~$ azh x~gib pmh Eaxdch~

    phdh~novh~ po lach ~ladd jxp lhaigibexdnoipzgjxpgoi~ po a~pzoiolw)

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    phzanpgoi jhprhhi pmh ~px`hip~ ai` ~ng,hipg~p~) Annoz`gib po Cwdh Nx`rozpm$ pmh~nghinh `gzhnpoz ap Whzch~ Oj~hzuapozw$rmgnm g~ vazp oe pmh MOX ihprozc; Pmg~g~ iop h`xnapgoi gi rmgnm vhovdh nolh giai` dhnpxzh gi a nda~~zool) Rhzh mhdvgib~px`hip~ rozc rgpm zhad `apa)15

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    Pmh Giphzihp ma~ ad~o gi~vgzh` ~glg,daz giiouapgoi~ gi pmh mxlaigpgh~) Pmh@hnalhzoi Rhj$ `huhdovh` jw pmh Gpadgai

    ^px`gh~ @hvazplhip ap Jzori Xiguhz,~gpw$ g~ ai glvzh~~guh h}alvdh oe morpmh rhj nai iop oidw vzoug`h annh~~ po~nmodazdw laphzgad~ jxp ad~o bguh ~px`hip~pmh ovvozpxigpw po oj~hzuh ai` hlxdaph~nmodaz~ ap rozc -mppv;//rrr)jzori)h`x/@hvazplhip~/Gpadgai_^px`gh~/`rhj/`rhj)~mpld') Pmh ~gph g~ `h~gbih` po jh pmhmxj eoz pmh ~px`w oe oih glvozpaip dgphzazw

    Jw hiajdgib ~px`hip~ po noddajozaph rgpm rozcgib ~nghipg~p~$ pmg~ louhlhipvzoug`h~ a vdapeozl eoz pmh dhazigib po jh a~vhnp oe ~ongad dhazigib)

    Pmh Eaxdch~ Phdh~novh Vzokhnp^oxznh; mppv;//eaxdch~,phdh~novh)nol/

    Pmh@hnalhzoi Rhj^oxznh; mppv;//rrr)jzori)h`x/@hvazplhip~/Gpadgai_^px`gh~/`rhj/`rhj)~mpld

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    7/10

    :5 H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    rozc$ pmh @hnalhzoi$ a~ rhdd a~ oe pmh pglhai` nxdpxzh gi rmgnm gp ra~ vzo`xnh`) Gia``gpgoi po vzoug`gib pmh exdd ph}p oe pmh

    @hnalhzoi gi Gpadgai ai` gi Hibdg~m pzai~,dapgoi$ pmh ~gph vzoug`h~ ~oxznh laphzgad~$aiiopapgoi~ ai` nollhipazgh~$ jgjdgobza,vmgh~$ nzgpgnad ai` giphzvzhpguh h~~aw~$ ai`ax`go ai` ug~xad laphzgad~)

    Mhzh poo$ pmh hlvma~g~ g~ oi jxgd`giba nollxigpw oe ~px`hip~ ai` ~nmodaz~ a~lxnm a~ oi vzoug`gib annh~~ po h`xna,pgoiad noiphip) Pmh ~gph~ `huhdovhz~ ioph;Rh exi`alhipaddw jhdghuh pmap pmh ihrhdhnpzoign hiugzoilhip ai` gp~ pood~ hi,ajdh x~ po zhuguh pmh mxlaig~pgn ~vgzgp oenollxiad ai` noddajozapguhdw vdawexd

    dhazigib oe rmgnm pmh @hnalhzoi gp~hdeg~ pmh xplo~p h}vzh~~goi) Pmh ~gph g~ gi,phi`h` po ~hzuh a~ ai ovhi eozxl eozrozd`rg`h `g~nx~~goi~ oi pmh @hnalhzoiai` zhdaph` povgn~) Jopm ~nmodaz~ ai`~px`hip~ azh giugph` po ~xjlgp pmhgz orinoipzgjxpgoi~ a~ rhdd a~ po annh~~ pmh h}g~p,gib zh~oxznh~ oi pmh ~gph) Pmh ~gph ~hzuh~ a~ai avvzhipgnh~mgv vdapeozl eoz ~px`hip~jw addorgib pmhl po oj~hzuh mor ~nmodaz~gi pmh eghd` azbxh rgpm hanm opmhz ai` ad~opo vxjdg~m pmhgz ori noipzgjxpgoi~$ rmgnm

    nai jh zhdapguhdw ~laddai h}alvdh oe pmhdhbgpglaph vhzgvmhzad vazpgngvapgoi pmapg~ nmazanphzg~pgn oe ovhi ~oxznh nollxig,pgh~) Pmg~ addor~ ~px`hip~ po dhazi po jh$ gipmg~ gi~painh jw vazpgngvapgib gi pmh cgi` oezgbozox~ azbxlhipapgoi pmap g~ bhihzaph`azoxi` a vazpgnxdaz eozl oe `hhv ~nmod,az~mgv) A nollxigpw dgch pmg~$ gi rmgnm~px`hip~ nai annxdpxzaph gipo a vazpgnxdaz~nmodazdw vzanpgnh$ nai jh ~hhi a~ a ugzpxad~vgch; a mgbmdw ~vhngadg{h` ~gph pmap nai~hzuh a~ a bdojad zh~oxznh eoz gp~ eghd`)

    Ai h}alvdh oe mor pmh vorhz oe vaz,

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    pza`gnpgib pmoxbmp~) Pmhi oih oe pmh~px`hip a~~gbilhip~ ra~ nollhiph`oi ai` dgich` po ezol a uhzw vzolgihipjdobbhz) Laiw vhovdh zha` pmh ~px`hipjdob~ ai` ~xj~nzgjh` po ~olh oe pmhl)

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    Pmh Doib Pagd gi DhazigibNmzg~ Ai`hz~oi$ pmh h`gpoz oe Rgzh`$ ma~~mori pmap Giphzihp,ja~h` h,nollhznh

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    Jxp Ai`hz~oi ioph~ pmap h,nollhznh~gph~ ~xnm a~ Ala{oi)nol$ Ihpedg}$ ai`

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    Pmh hlvma~g~ g~ oi jxgd`gib a nollxigpw oe ~px`hip~ ai` ~nmodaz~ a~lxnm a~ oi vzoug`gib annh~~ po h`xnapgoiad noiphip)

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    8/10

    := H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    -oz a~ Ai`hz~oi ~xl~ xv pmh noinhvp jwqxopgib ai Ala{oi)nol hlvdowhh; Rh~od` lozh jooc~ po`aw pmap `g`ip ~hdd ap

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    uhipozgh~ azh hipgzhdw ugzpxad$ ~pozh` a~

    jgp~ oi ~hzuhz~)'A~ lozh oe dhazigib jhnolh~ Giphzihp,

    ja~h`$ a ~glgdaz vapphzi ~hhl~ po jh on,nxzzgib) Rmhzha~ pza`gpgoiad ~nmood~ oeehza egigph ixljhz oe noxz~h~ oe ~px`w$ pmhnapadob oe ~xjkhnp~ pmap nai jh dhazih`oidgih g~ adlo~p xidglgph`) Pmhzh azhadzha`w ~huhzad pmox~ai` ~hp~ oe noxz~hlaphzgad~ ai` lo`xdh~ oidgih$ ai` lozhazh jhgib a``h` zhbxdazdw) Exzpmhzlozh$eoz aiw povgn pmap a ~px`hip g~ va~~goiaphajoxp$ pmhzh g~ dgchdw po jh ai oidgih ignmh

    nollxigpw oe vzanpgnh oe opmhz~ rmo~mazh pmap va~~goi)Pmh Eaxdch~ Phdh~novh Vzokhnp ai` pmh

    @hnalhzoi Rhj azh kx~p pro oe ~nozh~ oezh~haznm ai` ~nmodazdw vozpad~ pmap vzo,

    ug`h annh~~ po jopm h`xnapgoiad zh~oxznh~ai` a nollxigpw oe h}vhzp~ gi a bguhi`olagi) Pmh rhj oeehz~ giixlhzajdhovvozpxigpgh~ eoz ~px`hip~ po egi` ai`kogi ignmh nollxigpgh~ rmhzh pmhw naijhihegp ezol pmh ovvozpxigpgh~ eoz `g~,pzgjxph` nobigpguh avvzhipgnh~mgv) Egi`,gib ai` kogigib a nollxigpw pmap gbigph~ a

    ~px`hip~ va~~goi nai ~hp pmh ~pabh eoz pmh~px`hip po anqxgzh jopm `hhv ciordh`bhajoxp a ~xjkhnp -dhazigib ajoxp' ai`pmh ajgdgpw po vazpgngvaph gi pmh vzanpgnhoe a eghd` pmzoxbm vzo`xnpguh giqxgzw ai`vhhz,ja~h` dhazigib -dhazigib po jh')Pmh~h nollxigpgh~ azh mazjgibhz~ oe pmhhlhzbhinh oe a ihr eozl oe phnmiodobw,himainh` dhazigibDhazigib :)6rmgnmboh~ jhwoi` vzoug`gib ezhh annh~~ popza`gpgoiad noxz~h laphzgad~ ai` h`xna,

    pgoiad pood~ ai` nzhaph~ a vazpgngvapozwaznmgphnpxzh eoz ~xvvozpgib nollxigpgh~oe dhazihz~)

    Ndo~gib pmh DoovPmhzh azh pmox~ai`~ oe noddhbh~ ai`xiguhz~gpgh~ rozd`rg`h$ a~ rhdd a~ laiwopmhz gi~pgpxpgoi~ oe dhazigib$ gindx`gibpzagigib nhiphz~ ai` phnmignad ~nmood~)Gi a``gpgoi$ pmhzh azh phi~ oe pmox~ai`~oe gi~pgpxpgoi~ pmap ~xvvozp gieozladdhazigib; dgjzazgh~$ lx~hxl~$ ~nghinhnhiphz~$ aznmguh~) Add oe pmh~h gi~pgpxpgoi~azh vzanpgnxl~vdanh~ rmhzh ciord,h`bh g~ nzhaph` ai` ~pozh` ai` pzai~lgp,ph`) Jxp azh pmhw zhedhnpguh vzanpgnxl~?

    Azh pmhw huadxapgib rmap pmhw `o ai`hibabgib gi aiwpmgib zh~hljdgib nwndh~oe noipgixox~ glvzouhlhip? Azh pmhgzzhedhnpgoi~ jhgib ~w~phlapgnaddw nav,pxzh` ai` ~mazh`?

    Rh ihh` po noi~pzxnp ~mazh`$ `g~pzgj,xph`$ zhedhnpguh vzanpgnxl~ gi rmgnm h},vhzghinh~ azh noddhnph`$ uhpph`$ ndx~phzh`$nollhiph` oi$ ai` pzgh` oxp gi ihr noi,ph}p~) Oih lgbmp nadd pmg~ dhazigib ajoxpdhazigib$ a joop~pzavvgib ovhzapgoi girmgnm h`xnapoz~$ adoib rgpm ~px`hip~$ azh

    dhazigib aloib ai` jhprhhi pmhl~hduh~)

    Pmg~ nai jhnolh a dgugib oz wialgn gieza,~pzxnpxzhgp~hde a zhedhnpguh vzanpgnxl)

    Ai h}alvdh oe ~xnm a vzanpgnxl g~

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    mauh jhhi ~xvvozph` jw pmh Eoxi`a,pgoi$ adoib rgpm a ~hp oe rhj,ja~h`pood~ -pmh CHHV Poodcgp' eoz nzhapgibpmh~h na~h ~px`gh~ -mppv;//rrr)nechhv)ozb') Pmh Nolloi~ g~ ai ovhi eozxlrmhzh gi~pzxnpoz~ ap add dhuhd~ -ai` ezolazoxi` pmh rozd`' nai vo~p pmhgz orih}alvdh~ ai` nai vazpgngvaph gi aioibogib noiuhz~apgoi ajoxp heehnpguhphanmgib vzanpgnh~$ a~ a lhai~ oe~xvvozpgib a vzonh~~ oe nzhapgib/x~gib/zh,lg}gib -oz nzhapgib/~mazgib/

    x~gib')

    :6

    Pmh~h nollxigpgh~ azh mazjgibhz~ oe pmh hlhzbhinh oe a ihr eozl oephnmiodobw,himainh` dhazigibDhazigib :)6)

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    9/10

    >6 H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

    Ezol pmh Rhj :)6 po Dhazigib :)6Pmh ozgbgiad Rozd` Rg`h Rhjpmh Rhj1)6 pmap hlhzbh` gi pmh lg`,1776~ua~pdwh}vai`h` annh~~ po gieozlapgoi) PmhOvhi H`xnapgoiad Zh~oxznh~ louhlhipg~ ai h}alvdh oe pmh glvanp pmap pmh Rhj1)6 ma~ ma` oi h`xnapgoi) Jxp pmh Rhj

    :)6$ rmgnm ma~ hlhzbh` gi kx~p pmh va~pehr whaz~$ g~ ~vazcgib ai huhi lozh eaz,zhanmgib zhuodxpgoi) Pood~ ~xnm a~ jdob~$

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    gib ezol anpgoi$ iop va~~gugpw)Gi pmh prhipghpm nhipxzw$ pmh `olg,

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    h}vhnp po ~hi` ~olhoih janc po ~nmoodpo jh zhpzagih`) Jw pmh pglh pmap mavvhi~$pmh `olagi oe giqxgzw g~ dgchdw po mauhlozvmh` whp abagi):1

    Rh ior ihh` a ihr avvzoanm podhazigiboih nmazanphzg{h` jw a `hlai`,

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    Pmh `hlai`,vxdd avvzoanm g~ ja~h` oi vzoug`gib ~px`hip~ rgpm annh~~ pozgnm -~olhpglh~ ugzpxad' dhazigib nollxigpgh~ jxgdp azoxi` a vzanpgnh)

  • 8/3/2019 Open Education, the Long Tail, and Learning 2.0

    10/10

    >: H@XNAX^H z h u g h r Kaixazw/Ehjzxazw :66=

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    pgh~ ja~h` azoxi` ~vhngegn azha~ oe giphz,h~p gi ugzpxaddw huhzw eghd` oe hi`hauoz)::

    Pmh jxgd`gib jdonc~ vzoug`h` jw pmhOHZ louhlhip$ adoib rgpm h,^nghinhai` h,Mxlaigpgh~ ai` pmh zh~oxznh~oe pmh Rhj :)6$ azh nzhapgib pmh noi`g,pgoi~ eoz pmh hlhzbhinh oe ihr cgi`~ oeovhi vazpgngvapozw dhazigib hno~w~phl~:>pmap rgdd ~xvvozp anpguh$ va~~goi,ja~h`dhazigib; Dhazigib :)6) Pmg~ ihr eozl oedhazigib jhbgi~ rgpm pmh ciordh`bh ai`vzanpgnh~ anqxgzh` gi ~nmood jxp g~ hqxaddw~xgph` eoz noipgixox~$ dgehdoib dhazigib

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    Ioph~

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    2) Khai Dauh ai` Hpghiih Rhibhz$ ^gpxaph` Dhazigib;Dhbgpglaph Vhzgvmhzad Vazpgngvapgoi -Naljzg`bh; Nal,jzg`bh Xiguhz~gpw Vzh~~$ 1771')

    =) Capgh Maeihz$ Bzorgib Rgcgvh`ga Zhegih~ Gp~Aiwoih Nai H`gp Vodgnw$ Ihr Wozc Pglh~$ Kxih12$ :665$ 4mppv;//rrr)iwpglh~)nol/:665/65/12/phnmiodobw/12rgcg)mpld?vabhraiph`