Open Access to Scholarly

Communicationsfor maximizing visibility and impact

Sridhar Gutam, PhD, ARSSenior Scientist (Plant Physiology)

ICAR Research Complex for Eastern Region Research Centre Ranchi

Ranchi 834010, JharkhandConvenor, Open Access India

@SridharGutam I gutam2000@gmail.com

Availability and Accessibility

(of IARI publications) Examined for 2008–2010, of the 221 indexed journals, only 19 (9%) were open access journals indexed in DOAJ.

Additionally, 14% of the published articles could be found on Eprints@IARI.

Thus, up to 23% of the published literature is available and accessible to the public.

The percentage of articles available in CeRA was 69%.

This shows that a little more than 30% of the articles published were not available in CeRA. Source: http://src-online.ca/index.php/src/article/view/86

The Problem A lot of valuable information is

generated that could guide decisions and resolve problems — but so little is accessible when it is needed!

We produce results, but what happens to them? It seems that much useful data and information never get published and the farmers don’t seem to benefit.

Source: CIARD

Open Access Means unrestricted online access to peer-

reviewed scholarly research (also theses, book chapters, and scholarly monographs).

Comes in two degrees: gratis open access, which is free online

access libre open access, which is free online

access plus some additional usage rights (granted through use of Creative Commons licenses).Open-access (OA) literature is digital, online, free of

charge, and free of most copyright and licensing restrictions. What makes it possible is the internet and the consent of the author or copyright-holder. – Peter Suber.

Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_access

Budapest Open Access Initiative, 2001

Conference convened in Budapest by the Open Society Institute on December 1–2, 2001

Public statement of principles relating to open access to the research literature.

Recognized as one of the major historical, and defining, events of the open access movement.

On the occasion of the 10th anniversary of the initiative (2012), recommended "the new goal that within the next ten

years, OA will become the default method for distributing new peer-reviewed research in every field and country”.

BOAI 10 Recommendations

Every institution of higher education should have a policy assuring that peer-reviewed versions of all future scholarly articles by faculty members are deposited in the institution’s designated repository.

Universities with institutional repositories should require deposit in the repository for all research articles to be considered for promotion, tenure, or other forms of internal assessment and review.

Why Open Access? Funders invest in research in order to accelerate

the pace of scientific discovery, encourage innovation, enrich education, and stimulate the economy – to improve the public good.

Broad access to the results of research is an essential component of the research process itself.

Research advances only through sharing of results, and the value of an investment in research is only maximized through wide use of its results.

The Internet provides a new opportunity to bring information to a wider audience at virtually no marginal cost, and allow them to use it in new, innovative ways.

Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

Why Open Access

Source: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

Why Open Access

Better visibility and higher impact for your scholarship:

Avoiding duplication: Research is useless if it’s not shared

Text miningSource: http://www.sparc.arl.org/resources/open-access/why-oa

Who Benefits from Open Access?

For Researchers Increases readers’ ability to find use

relevant literature Increases the visibility, readership and

impact of author’s works Creates new avenues for discovery in

digital environment Enhances interdisciplinary research Accelerates the pace of research,

discovery and innovationSource: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

Who Benefits from Open Access?

Research Funders Leverages return on research investment

Creates tool to manage research portfolio

Avoids funding duplicative research Creates transparency Encourages greater interaction with results of funded research

Source: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

Who Benefits from Open Access?

Public Provides access to previously unavailable materials relating to health, energy, environment, and other areas of broad interest

Creates better educated populace Encourages support of scientific enterprise and engagement in citizen science

Source: http://www.righttoresearch.org/learn/whyOA/index.shtml#Researchers

Bielefeld Academic Search Engine

BASE is one of the world's most voluminous search engines for academic open access operated by Bielefeld University Library. Currently 42,125,071 documents of 2,462 content sources

Source: BASE

Citation Impact Steve Lawrence's was the earliest study, finding in 2001 that

free online access tripled citations of computer science papers.

Michael Kurtz's early study on the astronomy literature demonstrated that Open Access can double the readership.

Brody & Harnad showed an increase in citations to articles in several disciplines as a result of their being Open Access.

Kristin Antelman's work corroborated these findings in the fields of philosophy, political science, electrical & electronic engineering and mathematics.

Michael Norris has published his doctoral thesis that reports similar impact advantage in the form of increased citations for articles in four other disciplines - economics, applied mathematics, sociology and ecology.Source: http://www.openoasis.org

Open Access Mandates

Source: roarmap.eprints.org/

NKC Recommends Open Access

Source: knowledgecommission.gov.in/

At a policy level, allresearch articles published by Indian authors receiving substantial government or public funding must be made available under Open Access.

A national academic OA portal should be developed.

CISR Open Access Policy, 2009

All research papers published from all CSIR laboratories and supported by a grant from CSIR will be made open access by depositing the full ‐ text and the metadata of each paper in an institutional repository

Source: http://www.csircentral.net/mandate.pdf

National Data Sharing and Access Policy, 2012

• Aims at the promotion of a technology-based culture of data management as well as data sharing and access.

• It opens up, proactively, information on available data, which could be shared with civil society for developmental purposes.Source: http://ogpl.gov.in/NDSAP/NDSAP-30Jan2012.pdf

ICAR’s Open Access Policy, 2013

The authors of the scholarly literature produced from the research funded in whole or part by the ICAR or by other Public Funds at ICAR establishments are required to deposit the final version of the author's peer-reviewed manuscript in the ICAR institute’s Open Access Institutional Repository.

Scientists are advised to mention the ICAR’s Open Access policy while signing the copyright agreements with the publishers and the embargo, if any, should not be later than 12 months. Source: http://icar.org.in/en/node/6609

DBT/DST Open Access Policy, 2014

The final accepted manuscript (after refereeing, revision, etc.) resulting from research projects, which are fully or partially funded by DBT or DST, or were performed using infrastructure built with the support of these organizations, should be deposited.

http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf

OA and Copyrights??

• Most of the publishers allow either pre-prints/post-prints to archive and few others allow ‘publisher's pdf’ version.

• SHERPA/RoMEO – Publisher's Copyrights Policies.

• 'All Rights Reserved' to 'Some Rights Reserved‘ using Creative Commons.

DBT/DST Open Access Policy, 2014

The final accepted manuscript (after refereeing, revision, etc.) resulting from research projects, which are fully or partially funded by DBT or DST, or were performed using infrastructure built with the support of these organizations, should be deposited.

http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf

Policies@SHERPA/RoMEO

Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

MAPAI’s OAJMAP

Source: SHERPA/RoMEO

MAPAI’s OAJMAP uses CC-BY

Source: OAJMAP

Authors' Rights: Regaining Control

• Scholars who sign away all rights must request permission from publishers (often for a fee) to place their own articles on a personal web site, in a course pack for a class they are teaching themselves, in an institutional repository, or to distribute copies to colleagues.

• And though scholars create the content (i.e., articles) and provide editing and peer review, publishers typically receive both content and quality control at no cost.

• Academic libraries then purchase back this content in an attempt to support all disciplines on campus.

• This contributes to the fact that some commercial publishers post large profits – up to 40% in some cases.

• As a result, publishers rather than scholars manage and control access to scholarship and research.

Kevin Smith (2010) http://www.acrl.ala.org/scholcomm/node/8

How to Use SPARC Author Addendum

Complete the addendum.Print a copy of the addendum and attach it to your publishing agreement.

Note in a cover letter to your publisher that you have included an addendum to the agreement.

Mail the addendum with your publishing agreement and a cover letter to your publisher.

Source: SPARC

Hoorn & Graaf (2006) – Surveyhttp://www.dlib.org/dlib/february06/vandergraaf/

02vandergraaf.html

Pre-Prints and Post-Prints

Pre-Prints - “First draft of the article - before peer-review, even before any contact with a publisher”

Post-Prints - “Version of the paper after peer-review, with revisions having been made”

CC-BY Attribution 4.0

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

You are free to: Share — copy and redistribute the material in any

medium or format Adapt — remix, transform, and build upon the

material for any purpose, even commercially. The licensor cannot revoke these freedoms as

long as you follow the license terms.

Articles under CC-BY

Source: OASPA

Global Open Access Portal

Source: UNESCO

OpenDepot.org

University of Edinburgh, UK. “An assured service to make research Open

Access - now available for researchers worldwide.”

“For those without a local repository, including un-affilitiated researchers, the OpenDepot.org is a place of deposit, available for others to harvest.”

Global Open Access Portal

Source: UNESCO

OpenDepot.org

Open Access in Institutions with Mandates to Non-Mandated

Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013636

Interaction between OA and Article Age

Gargouri Y, Hajjem C, Larivière V, Gingras Y, et al. (2010) Self-Selected or Mandated, Open Access Increases Citation Impact for Higher Quality Research. PLoS ONE 5(10): e13636. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013636http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0013636

Dr. Melissa Terras’s Twitter Effect

Downloads of paper on Digital Curiosities were doubled twice since the time she deposited and when she blogged and tweeted.

Source: http://www.oastories.org/2012/10/dr-melissa-terras-open-access-and-the-twitter-effect

“You can spend years producing a research paper, why would you not spend the time it takes to deposit it in Open Access repository, and the seconds it takes to share that copy online with as many people as you possibly can”. -Melissa Terras

@melissaterras

Alternate Metrics

• San Francisco Declaration on Research Assessment– “Do not use journal-based metrics, such as

Journal Impact Factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality of individual research articles, to assess an individual scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions”

• Altmetric.com• ImpactStory

DST – DBT on Metrics

• “The DBT/DST affirms the principle that the intrinsic merit of the work, and not the title of the journal in which an author’s work is published....”

• “DBT/DST does not recommend the use of journal impact factors, as a surrogate measure of the quality of individual research articles, to assess an individual scientist’s contributions, or in hiring, promotion, or funding decisions”.Source: http://www.dst.gov.in/sites/default/files/APPROVED%20OPEN%20ACCESS%20POLICY-DBT%26DST%2812.12.2014%29_1.pdf

Aaron Hillel Swartz

Caution!•“Fake open-access journals flourish in India: Science” -The Hindu

Thank you for your kind attention