Open Access Gold of research work: A scientific view from a physicist by Bart Van Tiggelen
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Transcript of Open Access Gold of research work: A scientific view from a physicist by Bart Van Tiggelen
Open Access Gold of research work: A scien5fic view from a physicist.
October 25, 2012 Open Access week UNESCO
Bart van Tiggelen
• Research professor at CNRS-‐Grenoble (physics)
• Deputy Director at CNRS (theore;cal physics)
• President of Publica;on commi?ee of French Physical Society
Publica5on CommiLee of SFP: du5es
§ To advice SFP on all editorial ma?ers
§ Maintain link with EDP Sciences (SFP= principal stockholder)
§ Founding member of Europhysics Le?ers (EPL)
§ Founding member of European Physical Journal (EPJ= merger of many European physics journals)
• Foster interna;onal rela;ons
-‐ Worldwide: IUPAP (Interna;onal Union of Pure and Applied Physics) -‐ Europe: APP: Portal for Physics Publica;ons
àEuropean Physical Society (EPS), IOPP (UK), Springer, SFP/EDPS (F), SIF (I), DFG (D)): plaUorm of european physics publica;ons
≈ Annales de Physique
EDPS ≈ J. de Physique IV
Next year 15 years EPJ
h?p://openaccessgold.org
To make physicists appreciate Open Access (Gold)
one must consider all aspects of the scien:fic publica:on process
Scien5fic Publica5ons …. • ..are necessary to disseminate new scien;fic results
(« business card » for a researcher ).
• .. Guarantee a minimum level of scien;fic quality (thanks to well organized peer review)
• ..are cited (or not... ) by the peers. # cita;ons = scien;fic quality ? • ..make all the difference for the career of a scien;st
(promo;on, financial support,.. ) • Cost money , that should be financed by any research grant/budget
How much money is spent for scien;fic publica;ons ?
The scien5st wants…. • ..an easy access, large exposure, for a long ;me , of his publica;ons.
• ..a professional, efficient and rapid publica;on process
• ..an indexa;on in the databases used by evalua;on commi?ees (ISI).
• ..a direct involvement (of his scien;fic community) in the editorial policy.
• ..the right price to publish in and/or to have access to his favorite journals.
• .. « pres;ge » (= publica;on in a journal with high rejec;on rate). Vicious circle: pres;ge is rewarded by research organiza;ons who
struggle with excessive publica;on costs.
The tradi5onal model…. • Subscrip:on based model:
-‐ Access sold by publisher. -‐ Scien;fic organiza;ons subscribe to access. -‐ Publica;on is for free.
• Scien;fic editors set up a peer review system and deal with the paper and/or on-‐line version, and organize the sale.
• Several editors are completely integrated into learned socie:es, with large benefits.
• Authors transfer the copyright to the publisher.
• « Preprints » are deposited before publica;on by the authors at open-‐access repositories.
Why change? • Internet paper version à on-‐line, worldwide access in 4 clics;
journals have become service providers • The open archives : no quality check, no database link.
• Subscrip;on-‐based journals are not openly accessible. à Berlin declara;on à guidelines of European Commission.
• Rise of subscrip:on fees à more submissions (3.5 %/an),
à Journals aggressively sold in big « packages » -‐ Elsevier–Reed turnover of 5 billion € (2000 revues): -‐ The Cost of Knowledge (> 12000 signatures) -‐ The protest of Harvard (3,75 millions $ : +/+ 36 % from Elsevier). à more pres;ge = more expensive -‐ break the vicious circle: UCLA (40 millions $ budget) protests against NPG.
• Copyright should stay with authors
Open access (OA) is the prac:ce of providing unrestricted access via the Internet to peer-‐reviewed scholarly journal ar:cles. Crea:ve Commons licenses can be used to specify usage rights. Crea&ve Commons: Non-‐profit organiza;on . CC licenses allow creators (with copyright) to communicate which rights they reserve, and which rights they waive for the benefit of recipients or other creators.
1. OA Green : Open Archives/ self-‐archiving. 2. OA Gold : author-‐pay, organisa;on-‐pay, sponsor-‐pay , consor;um-‐pay. 3. OA Hybrid (Open Choice): mixture , on request of author.
So then go Open Access?
Springer is a green publisher:
One publisher found when searched for: Publisher: EDP Sciences
EDP Science is a Green publisher
Some informa5on on Open Access (1)
à Most publishers launch the OA gold model while wai;ng for a public and poli;cal debate.
à 30 % of 25000 revues are published in OA (2009); 8 % OA gold 12 % OA green (2009)
à rise of OAG between 20 % and 30% per year à 25 % OA gold in 2020
Laakso M, et al., Plos One, 2011
Some informa5on on Open Access (2)
à Springer: 150,000 ar;cles per year, 20,000 13 % in OA gold . take-‐over Biomed Central ( > 230 journals OAG; 500 à 2000 €)
à Public Library of Science (PLoS): 7 journals OAG in medical science (FI = 14, among which 2 with rejec;on rate > 90 %)
à New Journal of Physics (IOPP/DFG: 950 €; FI= 4), Phys. Rev. X (APS) à Several journals EPJ (EDPS/SIF/Springer) such as Photovoltaics
àWellcome trust (UK) supports OAG with on average 1750 € per ar;cle (2011)
Rise of Open Access
SOURCE: THOMSON REUTERS/Y. GARGOURI
• Big Packages can no longer be imposed by publisher
• Transfer of copyright is replaced by the license Crea:ve Commons.
• EC and US libraries no longer suffer from the rise of publica;ons from BRIC.
• Consistency with Berlin Declara;on and EC policy: à at the same ;me the green archives take again their role of pre-‐print server and should not disappear!
• Avoids the hybrid model that gives scien;sts the impression to pay twice for the publica;on.
• Regulate the number of publica;ons per author
The pro’s of Open Access Gold
• In OAG: revenues are propor;onal to number of publica;ons, not number of readers Commercial interests may conflict with scien;fic quality.
à accept more low – quality papers , make more money Solu;on: OAG organism-‐ or consor;um-‐ payed model
à reject many papers and ask large OA fee (pres;ge problem becomes
bigger!) Solu;on : convince research organiza;ons , evalua;on commi?ees and funding agencies; Huge role for learned socie;es
• A rapid transi;on subscrip;on à OAG is difficult, expensive., irreversible. Will OAG be cheaper? In the long yes, says UK
• The wish to go OAG is not uniformly shared à pluri-‐disciplinary policy
difficult.
The cons of Open Access Gold
Björk et al. (2010). "Open Access to the Scien;fic Journal Literature: Situa;on 2009". PLoS ONE 5 (6):
Habits vary with discipline……
Nature 489,, 179 (13 September 2012)
Thursday 8 December 2011 Results of publicly funded research will be open access – science minister David WilleLs, the science minister, said the government wants to move to open access while protec;ng peer review. h?p://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/dec/08/publicly-‐funded-‐research-‐open-‐access
lundi 09 janvier 2012 L'UNESCO s'engage pour l'Open Access : impressionnant !
h?p://www.h2mw.eu/redac;onmedicale/2012/01/lunesco-‐sengage-‐pour-‐lopen-‐access.html
The Max Planck Society is bound by the principle of public access to the output of science. This is the spirit in which the Berlin Declara;on was wri?en. I have called upon Max Planck authors to make their findings available according to the Open Access principles and to be involved in the establishment of a globally accessible plaUorm of scien;fic knowledge.” Peter Gruss, President of the Max Planck Society
• Bri;sh government decides to go OAG, and a wellcome trust will provide financial support to authors.
• The transi;on will cost 50 M£ (62 M€).
• Bri;sh publishers produce 20% of the worldwide number of publica;ons (Bri;sh authors 5.7 %) .
à Bri;sh ini;a;ve will have a major impact
Advice of the Finch commi6ee on Bri&sh government (June 12, 2012) « (…) making peer-‐reviewed journals available for free at public libraries would foster innova&on, drive growth, and open up a new area of academic discovery »
Funding OAG IOPP
Financial support for OA publica;on fees is growing
– University of Calgary – University of O?awa – Goe�ngen University – Max-‐Planck Society – University of No�ngham – Columbia University – Cornell University – Harvard University – University of California, Berkeley – University of Florida – University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill – University of Wisconsin, Madison
Source: Dr. Nicola Gulley, IOPP editorial director
Jens Vigen (CERN), 19 janvier 2012
Sponsoring Consor&um for Open Access Publishing in Par&cle Physics
Jens Vigen (CERN), 19 janvier 2012
Principle of « fair-‐share »: contribu5on of a country au budget propor5onal to its implica5on
Will system survive? Jens Vigen (CERN), 19 janvier 2012
20/09/2012, SCOAP3 Ar;cle Processing Charges announced
h?p://scoap3.org/news/news95.html
Conclusions 1. The subscrip;on-‐based model of scien;fic
publica;ons should be reconsidered in certain disciplines (for reasons of Internet, packages, restricted access, fees, copyright)
2. Open Access Gold – especially with organiza;on or consor;um as « payer » responds to many needs (free access, copyright, emergence of BRIC countries, evalua;on purposes) .
3. The implica;on of learned socie;es in the publica;on process is essen;al.
4. Le débat public a été lancé dans d’autres pays. La France? Prise de posi:on avec vision souhaitée (recommanda:on COMETS/CNRS).