OPAG Update to the Planetary Science Advisory Commi9ee (PAC) · Scienfic Goals for Exploraon of...
Transcript of OPAG Update to the Planetary Science Advisory Commi9ee (PAC) · Scienfic Goals for Exploraon of...
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OPAGUpdatetothePlanetaryScienceAdvisoryCommi9ee(PAC)JeffMoore,OPAGChair,NASAARC,PACMee5ng,10March2020
Outer Planets Assessment Group (OPAG) Charter
https://www.lpi.usra.edu/opag/ • NASA'scommunity-basedforumtoprovidescience
inputforplanningandpriori5zingouterplanetexplora5onac5vi5esforthenextseveraldecades
• Evaluatesoutersolarsystemexplora5ongoals,objec5ves,inves5ga5onsandrequiredmeasurementsonthebasisofthewidestpossiblecommunityoutreach
• Meetstwiceperyear,summerandwinter– Nextmee5ng:tenta5vely1-3Sept2020inSeaQle,WA
• OPAGdocumentsareinputstotheDecadalSurveys• OPAGandSmallBodiesAssessmentGroup(SBAG)haveJointcustodyofPlutosystemandotherplanetsamongKuiperBeltObjects
KBOplanets
OPAG Steering Committee
JeffMooreOPAGChair
AmesResearchCenter
LindaSpilkerOPAGVice-ChairJetPropulsionLab
KathleenMandt*AppliedPhysicsLaboratory
AlfredMcEwenUniversityofArizona
LynnaeQuick*NASAGoddard
*=NewMember
KunioSayanagiHamptonUniversity
TomSpilker*Consultant
BritneySchmidtGeorgiaIns5tuteofTechnology
AbigailRymer*AppliedPhysicsLab
OPAG Steering Committee
MorganCable*JetPropulsionLab
*=NewMember
AmandaHendrixPlanetaryScienceIns5tute
ScoQEdgingtonJetPropulsionLab
MarkHofstadterJetPropulsionLab
TerryHurfordGoddardSpaceFlightCenter
OPAG Steering Committee
CarolPatyGeorgiaIns5tuteofTechnology
RecentandUpcomingOPAG-relatedMee@ngs• OPAGMee@ng(3-4February2020)LunarandPlanetaryIns5tute,Universi5es
SpaceResearchAssocia5on(USRA)3600BayAreaBlvd,Houston,TX• JointVEXAG/OPAG/ExoPAGmee2ng(4-7February2020),LunarandPlanetary
Ins5tute,Houston,TX
UpcomingMee2ngs:• OuterPlanetsAssessmentGroup(OPAG)TownHall,LunarandPlanetaryScience
Conf.noon,18March2020,The.Woodlands,Houston,TX:CANCELED(possibleremotebroadcastTBD)
• OPAGMee@ng(tenta5vely1-3September2020)SeaQle,WA,possiblyheldatUniversityofWashington
SomeKeyAc@vi@essinceLastPACMee@ng• IoVolcanoObserver(IVO)selectedforfurtherDiscoveryMissionstudy.AlfredMcEwen(PI)
• TRIDENTselectedforfurtherDiscoveryMissionstudy.LouiseProckter(PI)
• JunoProbeCompleted25thOrbitofJupiter• EuropaClippercompletedPDRprogressingtowardslaunchNLT2025
• JUICEprogressingtowards2022launch• 3OuterPlanetmissionstudiesfortheDecadalSurveyselectedviaROSES
• OPAGCommi9eeWhitePaperposted
NewFron@ershasbeengoodforexplora@onofOuterPlanets• Missionsfromthe1stDecadalsurvey:
– NewHorizons– Juno
• Approvedcandidatemissionsin2ndDecadal(V&V)tooutersolarsystem:– SaturnProbe– OceanWorlds:EnceladusandTitan– DragonflytoTitanselectedforNF-4
• OPAGsupportskeepingIoObserverandOceanWorldsinNF-5,alongwithSaturnProbe
• IfIVOisselectedforDiscovery,thentheremightbenoIoObserverproposalssubmiQedtoNF-5,similartowhathappenedwiththeTrojanmissionakerLucywasselected.
• AlthoughDragonflywasselectedforNF-4,OPAGsupportskeepingEnceladusasanop5onforNF-5
Dragonfly
OPAGGoalsDocument:2019(consistentwithourjust-postedWhitePaper)
• FirstdrakwriQenin2006,recentlypostedupdate:August2019• RevisedIntroduc5on
– OceanWorldsemphasis,butnottheonlyemphasis• Recentsec5ons:
– PlanetsintheKuiperBelt– OceanWorldsandtheSearchforLife– OPAGRelevancetoWorldsnotintheOuterSolarSystem– TelescopicObserva5ons– WorkforceIssues– SummaryRecommenda5onsforNextDecadalSurvey
• OPAGsciencepriori5esaddresstherelevantsubset(8/10)ofthekeyques5onsfromVisionandVoyages
• Documentposted:hQps://www.lpi.usra.edu/opag/goals-08-28-19.pdf
Scien@ficGoalsforExplora@onoftheOuterSolarSystemExploreOuterPlanetSystemsandOceanWorlds
EXECUTIVESUMMARY1.0INTRODUCTION1.1TheOuterSolarSysteminVision
andVoyages1.2NewEmphasissincetheDecadal
Survey:ExploringOceanWorlds2.0GIANTPLANETSINOURSOLARSYSTEM2.1JupiterandSaturn2.2UranusandNeptune3.0GIANTPLANETMAGNETOSPHERES4.0GIANTPLANETRINGSYSTEMS5.0GIANTPLANETS’MOONS5.1Pris5ne/Primi5ve(LessEvolved?)
Satellites’Objec5ves5.2GanymedeScienceObjec5ves5.3EuropaScienceObjec5ves
5.4IoScienceObjec5ves5.5EnceladusScienceObjec5ves5.6TitanScienceObjec5ves5.7TritonScienceObjec5ves6.0PLANETSINTHEKUIPERBELT7.0OCEANWORLDSANDTHESEARCHFOR
LIFE7.1OceanWorlds:Understanding
OceansandHabitabilityWorlds8.0OPAGRELEVANCETOWORLDSNOTIN
THEOUTERSOLARSYSTEM9.0TECHNOLOGY10.0TELESCOPICOBSERVATIONS11.0WORKFORCEISSUES12.0SUMMARYRECOMMENDATIONSFOR
NEXTDECADALSURVEYKeyReferences
NewSec5onsinGreen
PurposesofOPAGGoalsDocument• Describesthescienceobjec5vesforexplora5onofoutersolarsystem• Consistentwiththe2013DecadalSurvey“VisionandVoyages”butkeptup-to-dateasnewmissionsareapproved,newdiscoveriesaremade,modelsevolve,ourunderstandingofsolarsystemprocesseschanges,andnewques5onsareposed.
• Willbeusedasaresourcefordefiningtechnologydevelopmentdirec5onsandneededlaboratoryexperiments,modeling,andotherresearch
• Resourceformissionandinstrumentscienceobjec5ves• Guidesourprepara5onfortheoutersolarsystempor5onofthenextdecadalsurvey– Includingmissionstudiesbeingdoneinprepara5onforthatsurvey.
• Theemphasisforfutureexplora1onoftheoutersolarsystemistounderstandgiantplanetsystemsandoceanworlds
PriorityTechnologiesforOPAG• Currentorrecentprogramsareadvancinginstrumenta5on:
– InstrumentConceptsforEuropaExplora5on(ICEE),Homesteader,ColdTech,ICEE-2(forEuropaLander),inaddi5ontoPICASSOandMatISSE
• TechnologydevelopmentforelectricpowerisahighprioritytoOPAG– NASAhassuspendeddevelopmentoftheeMMRTG,thepowersourcebaselinedinmul5plerecentstudiesof
outersolarsystemmissionconcepts;developmentcon5nuesontheNextGenRTG– InV&VDecadalSurvey,thehighestpriorityformul5-missiontechnologyinvestmentwasamoreefficient
radioisotopepower(wasASRGs,theneMMRTG;nowNextGenRTG)– HighefficiencyLILTsolarcellscandecreaseareaandmassforallsolarmissions.– LightweightsolararraystructureshelpatJupiter(andpoten5allySaturn)
• Roll-OutSolarArrays(ROSA)recentlydemonstratedonSpaceSta5on• Technologydevelopmentisurgentlyneededforpoten2alOceanWorldsMissionssuchasEuropaLander
– Includingminiaturiza2onandnewlifedetec2oninstrumenta2on• Con2nuedevelopingthetechnologiesneededforIceGiantmission–HEEET;lowpower,highdatarateKa-band
Telecommunica5onsystems;andNextGenRTG,onascheduleconsistentwithpublishedlaunchopportuni5estoNeptuneviaaJupitergravityassist
OPAGFindingsFebruary3-4,2020Mee@ng1.EuropaClipper.OPAGapplaudstheprogresstheEuropaClipperteamismakingtowarditsCri5calDesignReview(CDR)thiscomingAugust,andthetransparencyshownbytheteamthatmissiondevelopment’scostreservesarerunningverylow.Thereserve,quan5fiedasUnallocatedFutureExpenses,reached12%inNovember2019eventhoughitmettheJPL-required25%asofJune2019.Theprojectteamhasbeenabletorecons5tutesomeofthereserveamountrequiredaheadofitsCDR,butthereisdangerthatthissavingseffortwillfallshort,threateningthemission’sscience.NASAshouldrecognizethescien5ficimportanceoftheen5reEuropaClipperpayload,andstrivetoflythefullscienceinstrumentsuitetobestachievethemissionobjec5ves.Finding1.OPAGisconcernedaboutthefastdrainonthecostreserves.OPAGrecognizesthescien5ficimportanceofflyingtheen5reEuropaClippersciencepayloads,andurgesNASAtominimizetheimpactofthelowcostreservesonthescienceinves5ga5ons.
OPAGFindingsFebruary3-4,2020Mee@ng2.IcySatelliteTechnologysupport.OPAGstronglysupportstechnologydevelopmentprogramsthatinvestinfutureOceanWorldsinsituexplora5on(similarinscopetotheICEEprogram).OPAGunderstandsthattheFY2020congressionalbudgetincludesfundingforIcySatellitetechnologydevelopment.OPAGwouldliketoknowtheopera5ngplanforthisbudgetlineitem.Finding2.OPAGsupportsinvestmentinfutureOceanWorldsinsitutechnologydevelopment.OPAGwouldlikeareportontheopera5ngplanfortheIcySatellitetechnologydevelopmentlineitemlistedintheFY2020congressionalbudget.
OPAGFindingsFebruary3-4,2020Mee@ng3.ExpandingRCNtootherareasofplanetaryscience.OPAGcommendsNASAfortheoutstandingimpactthatprogramsliketheNASAAstrobiologyIns5tuteandthenewResearchCoordina5onNetworks(RCN)haveforbuildingupastrongastrobiologycommunitythatisac5velyadvancingthesearchforlifeinthesolarsystemandbeyond.TheseeffortshaveledtothedevelopmentofgroundbreakingmissionconceptsandhavebenefiQedadiversecommunityofresearcherseagertoanswertheques5onofwhetherwearealoneintheuniverse.OPAGencouragesNASAtobuildonthissuccessbyexpandingRCNopportuni5estootherplanetarysciencecommuni5es.Inpar5cular,aGiantPlanetSystemScienceRCNwouldprovideopportuni5esforinterdisciplinarycoordina5onamongmembersoftheOPAGcommunitywhohaveexploredtheJupiterandSaturnsystemsonmissionslikeGalileo,Cassini,andJuno,andwhoareeagertoconductresearch(Voyagerdataanalysis,theore5calresearch,andlaboratorystudies)relevanttofutureexplora5onoftheIceGiantsystems.Finding3.OPAGcommendstheoutstandingsuccessofNASAAstrobiologyprogramsforbuildingastronginterdisciplinarycommunityadvancingthesearchforlifeintheuniverse.OPAGencouragesNASAtoexpandonthismodelbycrea5nganewRCNforGiantPlanetSystemScience.
OPAGFindingsFebruary3-4,[email protected]’sexplora5onofthedual-anonymousreviewprocesstoaddressdiversity/biasissues.OPAGnotesthattechnologyprograms,par5cularlyinstrumentdevelopmentopportuni5es,areapar5cularchallengeforPrincipalInves5gatorsfromdiverseandintersec5onalbackgrounds.Forexample,allofthePI’sselectedfortheICEE-2instrumentdevelopmentprogramweremalewithlimitedrepresenta5onalongotheraxesofdiversity,whichgivesanappearanceofbias.OPAGencouragesNASAtotestthedual-anonymousreviewprocessonaninstrumentprogramasthenexttestprogramtoprovideastrongerdatasettoevaluatetheeffec5venessofthisreviewstrategy.Asexamplesofprogramsthatreceivealargenumberofproposalsandrepresentgoodtes5nggroundsofdual-anonymousreviewprocess,wepointtothePICASSOandAppliedInforma5onSystemsResearchprograms.Finding4.OPAGcommendsNASA’seffortstotestdual-anonymousreviewforR&Aprograms.OPAGencouragesNASAtotestdual-anonymousreviewonaninstrumentdevelopmentprograminthenearfuturebecausethisisaclassofprogramsthatcanbeperceivedaslackingindiversityofselectedPIs.
OPAGFindingsFebruary3-4,2020Mee@ng5.EDIDemographicandClimateSurveys.OPAGapplaudsthevolunteerworkbeingdonebytheEquity,DiversityandInclusion(EDI)WorkingGroupwithpar5cipa5onfromallplanetaryAGs.WefullysupporttheleQersentbytheEDIWorkingGrouptoNASAHQon28January2020whichisalsoavailableontheOPAGwebsite.Finding5.Weencourageimplementa5onofthetworecommenda5onsintheleQerin5metoinformtheDecadalSurvey,namely:1)ThecommunityhasaneedforasurveyacrossallofSMDthatwillenableanalysisofmul5-dimensionaldemographicsdatatounderstandthediversityaspectsofourpopula5on,includingdatathatgoesbeyondgenderra5osandincludesdisciplines;and2)NASAshouldcommissionregular(yearly),professionally-designedclimatesurveyssothatwecanfullyiden5fytheequityandinclusionissueswithinourcommunity,andensurethoseclimatesurveysconsiderrelevantaxesofpowerandcareerstructures.
OPAGFindingsFebruary3-4,[email protected](RPS)ProgramAvailabilitySchedule.OPAGthanksJuneZakrajsekoftheNASARPSProgramforherbriefing.WeunderstandthatthedevelopmentoftheeMMRTGhasbeensuspended,andthattheNextGenRTGisscheduledtobeflightqualifiedin2028,withflightunitproduc5onstar5ngonlyakerqualifica5oniscompleted.PreviousstudiesofoutersolarsystemmissionsthatbaselinedtheeMMRTG,suchastherecenticegiantmissionsstudies[1],arenowobsolete.SincetheMMRTGisnotaviableop5onformostlong-dura5onmissions[2],theNextGenRTGistheonlyremainingRPSop5oncurrentlyunderdevelopment.AlengthyschedulefortheNextGenRTG'sflightavailabilitycouldhavesignificantnega5veimpactsontheschedulesforsomeDiscovery,NewFron5ers,andicegiantflagshipmissionconceptsalreadystudiedbyNASAandotherins5tu5ons.Finding6.OPAGrequestsafurtherpresenta5onbyNASAregardingtheschedulefortheNextGenRTGdevelopment,qualifica5on,flightunitfabrica5on,tes5nganddeliveryforlaunch,toenableamoredetaileddiscussionatthenextOPAGpublicmee5ng.1.Hofstadter,M.D.,Simon,A.,IceGiantsPre-DecadalSurveyMissionStudyReport,JPLD-100520,p.2-2,2017June;availableathQps://www.lpi.usra.edu/icegiants/mission_study/Full-Report.pdf2.ibid,p1-8,2-8.
OPAGCommi9eeWhitePaper• OrganizedaroundBigQues@ons
– Whatisthedistribu5onandhistoryoflifeinthesolarsystem?– Whatistheorigin,evolu5on,andstructureofplanetarysystems?– Whatpresent-dayprocessesshapeplanetarysystems,andhowdotheseprocessescreatediverseoutcomeswithinandacrossdifferentworlds?
WithafourthCross-Divisionaltheme:Howcansolarsystembodiesinformourunderstandingofbodiesinexoplanetarysystems?
• StrategicApproach– ResearchandAnalysis(R&A)– Interna5onalPartnership
• TechnologyandSuppor@ngStrategicInvestment(including)– Orbitalvs.InsituinExplora5on– Aerocapture– Earth-basedAstronomy– LaboratoryMeasurements
OPAGCommi9eeWhitePaperConclusions• Forlargedirectedmissions,ourtoprecommenda5onistocompleteEuropaClipper.Ourtoprecommenda5onforanewstartisanIceGiantSystemsmission.Flyingtoeithericegiantisscien5ficallycompelling,butNeptuneispreferredsinceTritonisahigher-priorityOceanWorldstargetthanArielortheotherUraniansatellites.Thisre-affirmstheimportancegiventosuchamissioninthejust-previousDecadalSurvey.Wenotethatnonewtechnologyefforts(asidefromfinishingeffortsalreadyunderway)areneededforthismissiontoproceed.
OPAGCommi9eeWhitePaperConclusionscont’• Ournextlargedirectedmissionpriorityisamissiontosearchforlifeorbiosignaturesonanoceanworld,mostlikelyEuropaorEnceladus.Webelievethatlifedetec5ontechnologydevelopmentcouldproveessen5altoeithermission,sowestronglysupporttheongoingtechnologydevelopmentefforts.Thedecadalmid-termreviewrecommendedthatEuropaLanderbeconsideredforanewstartinthenextfulldecadalsurvey,ratherthanbeginningsooner.However,aEuropaLanderpre-projecthasbeenfundedandcouldgetanewstart.IfaEuropaLandermissionisapproved,thenOPAGwillcertainlysupportthatmission.WerecommendthatNASAstudyanEnceladuslife-searchmission.Concurrently,westronglyrecommendthatthenextDecadalSurveyincludeaPriorityQues5onaboutactuallifeorbiosignaturedetec5onratherthanjustthestudyofhabitability.
OPAGCommi9eeWhitePaperConclusionscont’• ForNewFron@ersclassmissions,OPAGsupportsopeningcompe55ontoallsolarsystemdes5na5ons,asrecommendedbytheNa5onalAcademiesin2008.Inpar5cular,wesupporttheinclusionofEnceladusandTitanoceanworldsmissionsalongwithIoObserverandSaturnprobes.Otherconceptsdeserveconsidera5onaswell,suchasamissiontoKBOplanets.OPAGstronglyrecommendsthatthenextDecadalSurveybelessrestric5veinthenumberofalloweddes5na5onsforNewFron5ersmissionsthaninthepastSurveys.Theoutersolarsystemhasagreatabundanceofinteres5ngworldstoexplore,sosuchrestric5onsareapar5cularlyonerousrestric5ononfutureexplora5on.
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