Disability Policy: Assistive Technology & Employment

Alexander C KazerooniIntroduction to Science & Technology

Policy AnalysisPub Pol 650

Professor Jason M CrossApril 13, 2011

Outline Introduction Background Evidence Stakeholders Value Analysis Policy Assessment Recommendations

“We are only beginning to understandthe interaction among the medical,environmental and societal factors that linkto disability.” NIDRR

The Reality

There is a disability caused by a motor vehicle crash every 30 seconds.

The probability of at least one owner in a two-owner firm becoming disabled before reaching age 65 is 23%, if each is age 30

30% of all people 35 to 65 will suffer a disability for at least 90 days and one in seven will be disabled for five years.*

Approximately 90% of disabilities are caused by illnesses rather than accidents

2004 Assitive Technology Act Present Need

• 54 Million Americans• Natural Part of Human Experience• Public Value Mapping & Programs• Acknowledges lack of Coordination

State Assistive Technology Programs• 1 ATAP per State• Governor assigns lead agency

Advisory Council• Consumer Responsive, Consumer Driven• Planning, Implementation• Quantified Metrics / Outcomes• Health, Employment, Education

Funding• Grants proportional to population basis• [$1.2M < $ 0.6M ]• Dept of Education NIDRR >$200M• Collaboration: Market Size: $2.86 Billion

Employment• National Public Awareness Toolkit

Risk vs. CertaintyRisk/ Certainty

HI LO

HI SocietyMilitaryEmployerFamilyIndividual

NO

LO Individual N/A

Mixture of policy frameworks• Tornado• Abortion

Policy Principle• Avoidance• Assistance Benefits

SSA

Background: Fragmented Policies

2010Executive Order 15438

1990 ADA

2004 Asst. Tech. Act ;

1998 RA 508

USSC 2004 Inmate vs.. GA;

1973 RA

1978 NIDRR

1934 ‘ Cannot

Work’

1998 Olmstead vs.. L.C.

Judicial Languag

e

2015 ‘Mandate’ 100,000 People with Disability

States can decide not to serve a section of state citizens

Discrimination includes lack of accommodations

People with Disability have lower levels of education

People with Disability require accommodations for equality and economic freedom

EvidenceEDUCATION EMPLOYMENT

Evidence

National Institute for Disability Research and Rehabilitation: Logic Model

Stakeholders: SPONSORED SPONTANEOUS

Executive

Legislative

People with

Disability

Judicial

Philanthropy

Populous

People with Disability

Industry Employers

Value- Knowledge Tension

Value Analysis

People with Disability

PresidentEquality

CourtsJustice

IndustryRisk Averse

LegislaturePopulous; $

Autonomy

Funding

Inclusion Tumultuous ; Ideological

Productivity, Reliability, Profit

DoEd- NIDRR NIH, DHHS, NCMRRNSFVASBASSA

UniversitiesPhilanthropySocial EntrepreneursTechnology Entrepreneurs

CitizensCitizen ScientistsSmall BusinessIndustry

Security

Trust

Policy Assessment: Public & Market Failure

NHIS-D Survey 1995/2005

DoEd NIDRR 2000

Assistive Tech Act 2004; NIDRR Phase II

Congress 2008 enforce Disability Language, RA and ADA

NIDRR Phase II 2010-2014

Avoidance Principle Precautionary Principle (Budget)

Policy AssessmentPublic & Market Failure

PUBLIC: FALSE STARTSMARKET: NON-COMPETITIVE

Executive Order• 2010• 1998

Legislation• 1990 ADA Amendment Act• 2008 ADA • 1998 RA- Amendment

Section 508 (IT)• 1974 RA

USSC• 2010 Google Accessibility• 2007 DOJ vs. UMICH• 2004 State’s Rights• 1998 Olmstead vs.. L.C.

Young Tech Infrastructure Low Tech Transfer Low Translation Low Commercialization

• 4 NAIC Codes• Few commercial providers• 40,000 Products, little function.

Adoption Barriers • Market barriers: Features, Benefits, Cosy• Corporate ‘Risk & Liability’ Culture

Sustainability • NIDRR Funding• NIDRR ‘LOGIC ‘ model for public value

and end user creativity Leadership Gap

• Social• Technical

Society Acceptance

Recommendation: National Laboratory Agility Execute long-term

government missions with substantial scientific and technological content.

Develop unique scientific capabilities beyond the scope of academic and industrial institutions.

Government desires assured access.

Multi-disciplinary teams. Distinctive, powerful

research facilities and user facilities

Safe and secure operating environments essential to national interests.

Ensuring a strong portfolio of laboratories.

Defining and awarding research programs

Building and refreshing world class capabilities

Maintaining laboratory infrastructure.

Reviewing and assuring management and operations performance.

Champion need for a National Public Inclusive Infrastructure

Bibliography * Health Association of America; The New

York Times, 02.02

**National Safety Council Accident Facts, 02.02

***Based on recent disability insurance industry experience

http://www.ncddr.org/products/researchexchange/v05n01/strategyresults.html

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pkdfOOoIw0