ONLINE TRANSPORT BOOKING SYSTEM

BADARIAH BINTI MOHAMAD

This report is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Bachelor of Computer Science (Software Development)

FACULTY OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY UNIVERSITI TEKNIKAL MALAYSIA MELAKA

2007

ABSTRACT

Online Transport Booking System is basically a database information system is used multi-user environment concept through the client or server networks. The main objective of this system is for tidy up which have in system management and slippery record the process to make more systematic about the transport booking system. The system is focused on management about booking of transport at Politeknik Kota Kuala Terengganu (PKKT). Before that, PKKT only use a traditional system such as use a form to make their booking. So, a traditional system have a many problems occur to the user and management where the user must fill in the booking form first and then must see Head of Department to get a approval. If the Head of Department approve the booking, the user must go to Development Department to get an approval from Director or Official Executive. So, this problem can be solved with Online Transport Booking System where the user just sitting in front of computer to make a booking via Internet. Here, the user must enter the right "username" and "password". After that, Main Menu will appear at the screen where the user can choose either to check transport schedule, booking or check booking status. So, the user can make the booking with easier and time can be saved. Besides that, the system can creates a report and show the statistic about transport booking that helps user such as Development Department to manage the booking of transport more efficiency. The methodology being applied in this system is the Object Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) methodology. With the development at this system it is hope that the transport management can manage the transport booking very easy and quickly.

ABSTRAK

Online Transport Booking System adalah merupakan satu sistem maklumat pangkalan data yang menggunakan konsep persekitaran berbilang pengguna melalui rangkaian pelanggan atau pelayan. Tujuan utama pembangunan sistem ini adalah untuk memperkemaskan sistem pengurusan yang sedia ada dan melicinkan lagi proses merekodkan data mengenai tempahan kenderaan dengan lebih sistematik. Sistem ini difokuskan kepada tempahan kenderaan jabatan di Politeknik Kota Kuala Terengganu (PKKT). Sebelum ini, PKKT hanya menggunakan kaedah tradisional iaitu dengan menggunakan borang untuk membuat tempahan kenderaan. Oleh itu, kaedah tradisional ini mendatangkan masalah kepada pengguna dan pihak pengumsan di mana pengguna perlu mangisi borang tempahan terlebih dahulu kemudian perlu be rjumpa dengan Ketua Jabatan untuk mendapatkan kelulusan. Sekiranya Ketua Jabatan telah meluluskan tempahan tersebut, pengguna perlu menghantar borang tempahan tersebut ke Pejabat Pembangunan untuk mendapatkan kelulusan daripada Pengarah atau Ketua Eksekutif. Oleh itu, masalah ini tidak akan timbul lagi dengan adanya Online Transport Booking System di mana pengguna hanya duduk di hadapan komputer untuk membuat tempahan melalui Internet. Di sini, pengguna hanya perlu memasukkan nama pengguna dan kata laluan yang betul. Seterusnya menu pilihan akan terpapar pada skrin di mana pengguna boleh membuat pilihan samada hendak semak jadual kenderaan, membuat tempahan dan semak status tempahan. Dengan adanya sistem ini, pengguna dapat membuat tempahan dengan mudah dan menjimatkan masa. Selain daripada itu, sistem ini juga menyediakan laporan dan paparan statistik mengenai tempahan kenderaan yang akan membantu pengguna iaitu Bahagian Pembangunan dalam mengumskan tempahan kenderaan dengan lebih efisyen. Metodologi, Analisa dan Rekabentuk berdasarkan Objek diguna pakai bagi membangunkan Online Transport Booking System. Dengan terciptanya sistem ini, diharapkan pihak pengurusan kenderaan dapat mengumskan tempahan dengan lebih mudah dan cepat.

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Project Background

Nowadays, information system has integrated their locality as a catalyst to

successful management at organization. In this development, a computerize system is

implemented to record all information about Transport Booking System systematically.

As what that informs, human being is one important asset and dominant to determine

successful in organization. They will be developing all the plan that has ruled by

administrator either the plan are strategic, technical or operation.

Online Transport Booking System will be developed at Politeknik Kota Kuala

Terengganu (PKKT) to make sure the user can make their booking process of the

transport online with facilities provided by this system. As what that informs, at PKKT

there are many type of transports such as car, van, four wheel and bus. This transport can

be use for outside activities. The user who wants to use the transport must make an

application to book the transport. The users are staffs of PKKT. Therefore, this system

has very important security aspect controlled by administrator.

In the booking function, user can check whether there are available transport or

not and can check their booking status. Another function is for administration part of the

system. The function is to approve the transport booking, transport and driver record

management and producing reports and show the statistic of the transport booking by

month.

Hopefully, Online Transport Booking System can be realized and the user can

uses this system easily and systematically. After that, PKKT not lag in a current

technology in effort to become a High Education Institution which is developed from

infrastructure and also academic.

1.2 Problem Statement

Before Online Transport Booking System is develop, Politeknik Kota Kuala

Terengganu (PKKT) is not using any system to record all information about the

transport booking, but only use a manual system based on paper to make a booking and

record all information about the transport and driver by using a manual filing system.

Therefore, Online Transport Booking System is developed to replace a manual system to

a computerize system.

The manual filing system has many problems for the users and administrators at

PKKT. These problems occurred because the application for a transport booking uses a

form and is stored in a file. So, the form in a file will increase from time to time and the

management also hard to find the form. As what the writer know, file is not having a

security and a probability the file will lost is very high. So, a manual filing system is not

safe to store all the data or information about the transport booking.

Besides, application to make a transport booking also takes a long time because

the user who wants to make a transport booking must go to administration office and fill

the manual form. After that, the user must take a signature from the director to get the

approved from her or him. Comparing with Online Transport'Booking System, the user

can just only seat in front of computer with the internet and can make a transport

booking online.

The manual filing system is also not systematic because information is difficult

to retrieve. For example, if the users want to check whether there is available transport

for them to book. So, Online Transport Booking System will develop to become a

management about transport booking more systematic.

1.3 Objective

Objectives to be achieved from suggestion project are:-

i. To make the transport booking become easier. It is because the application to

make a transport booking can make by online. The user also does not have to go

to management department to make the transport booking.

ii. Increase information management where the admin easily to get the information

about the transport booking.

iii. Increase data integrity in database with safety. This is because only administrator

can see and use the information in database.

iv. To provide the system that can show the availability of the transport usage.

v. Eliminate the lost document or file (destroyed or misplaced) where a

management to make a transport booking not necessary to use a form and it also

store in database in computer.

vi. To have a user-friendly system which is the "Human Computer Interaction"

principles is applied to make it a perfect system. Besides, the user would not feel

regret because of all the information about transport booking is provided in one

window sight. The online Transport Booking System is very easy to use without

any problems and developed with simple interface.

1.4 Scope

It is focused to user who want use this system, what platform that want to use

and what functionality from the system.

i. User

Online Transport Booking System only is focused to staffs such as staff

(applicant), Head of Department, Clerk, Director and Executive Officer at

Politeknik Kota Kuala Terengganu (PKKT).

ii. Platform

Online Transport Booking System used Internet Explorer 5 (IE).

iii. Functionality

The main functionality of the Online Transport Booking System is a booking

process. This means users can checks the transport status that is available or

not before booking the transport on the date that they want. After that, users

can enter the booking information about transport such as type of transport,

transport booking's date, location, number of passenger and who is booking.

Besides that, the user also can check the latest status of their application

either approves or not approve and can cancel their booking.

The system will check whether the requested transport and driver is available

or not. If not available it will pop up message to the user and the application

is rejected.

After booking data is inserted, Head of Department can approve before it is

send to Development Department.

Besides that, admin can see statistic about transport booking by month in

graph-

* Admin also can view the report about the usage of the transport for given

date or duration.

1.5 Project Significance

Online Transport Booking System is believed to bring lots of benefit to its users

and admin at PKKT. The benefit is the users can make a transport booking more easily.

It is because users just enter the information to make an application about transport

booking by online. The users also don't have to go management department to make a

transport booking. Beside that, users also don't have to use a paper to fill in the form but

just enter the information about transport booking in computer by online the web site.

This way also can safe the user's time.

While for admin can help management of the information. The admin do not

have to check the availability of the transport because it is check automatically by the

system. The admin can get the information about the transport booking such as who

want to book the transport, what type of transport, what location and how long time

duration of booking. After that, admin can make a report and show the statistic about

transport that is booked by month via the system. So, data integrity in database will be

increased with safety because only admin can use and see the information in database.

1.6 Expected Output

From this system, the expected output is the system that can offer Online

Transport Booking System. Before make a transport booking, the user also can check the

transport schedule either transport available or not on the date. Besides that, this system

provides online form for the user, automatic checking for transport booking and also

generate report for the management side.

1.7 Conclusion

As a conclusion, Online Transport Booking System will be develop and is

believed to make a transport booking process very easy. To develop this system, file are

still used as a reference to yield a system that give satisfied to the user. Consistent with

expand of technology and arrangement infrastructure at P m , hence this system are

developed to tidy up management system available and improve a booking system about

transport information. After that, PKKT not lag in a current technology in effort to

become a High Education Institution which is developed from infrastructure and also

academic. The next chapter will discuss about the project literature review and project

methodology regarding the proposed system.

CHAPTER I1

LITERATURE RIVIEW AND PROJECT METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction

This chapter describes about literature review and methodology to develop the

Online Transport Booking System. A literature review is a body of text that aims to

review the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic. This means, the

chapter will explore on area covered by Online Transport Booking System, which at best

will provide definitions and framework for a piece of research on Online Transport

Booking System.

Methodology is defined as a body of methods, rules and postulates employed by

a discipline or a particular procedure or set of procedures. The use of methodology helps

to produce a better quality product to ensure that user requirements are met completely.

Besides that, a good methodology chosen will be a systematic guidance on how to

develop software successfully, where the guidance manifest with proven approaches,

best practices, guideline, techniques and sequences.

2.2 Facts and Finding

2.2.1 Domain

Transport booking is a process where the user has to make an application to use

the transport that is available at the company. It is because to ensure each of transport

journeys recorded all information about the user who is using the transport, what type of

transport that they will be used, how long time they used the transport and where the

place they will go.

Normally, transport booking can make if the user want to use the transport that is

available at the company follow the type of transport, location, date and time. The user

must book before use the transport do three day before date of departure. It is to ensure

the transport that they want to use is available or not on the date and duration. The

administrator also can see the information about transport booking.

2.2.2 Existing System

In this part, the topic being discussed is about comparing an existing system that

is being used with the system that will develop, which is the Online Transport Booking

System. The system that is similar with Online Transport Booking System that writer

proposed are STAD Transportation Unit at Multimedia University (MMU) and Rule of

Management, Uses and University Transportation Managing at Universiti Malaysia

Sabah (UMS)

i. STAD Transportation Unit at Multimedia University (MMU)

STAD Transportation Unit provides comprete integrated solutions

designed to help the STAD Transportation Unit to improve their management to

become more systematic and efficient. At the STAD Transportation Unit, the

booking can make by online and have the transport rules and regulations such as

booking University's vehicles, exclusion of charge and additional clauses.

STAD Transportation can be used by student. Toll fare and parking fare

are to be borne by the clubs, societies or the students involved. The policy to

make a booking should be done at least seven days before the departure date.

Then, the transportation booking form can be accessed at STAD's homepage and

the student must recheck the status of the application three days after submitting

the application. The success of each transport booking is based on the first come

first serve basis. The ASP software and SQL server is used to develop the

system.

For trips organized by faculties, the toll fare, parking fees and transport

charges are to be borne by the faculties concerned. Transfer pricing will be

arranged for this matter. The exclusion of charge includes student or group of

students who will be excluded from the charge (transport charges, toll fare and

parking fare) are MMU's representatives, State's representatives, National level

team sent by MMU and Group of students who get exclusive written permission

from the Director of STAD based on very strong grounds.

For this system, the user must enter the username and password to login

to the system. If the login is succeeding, the main menu is appearing. After that,

the user can choose either want to make a booking or to check the booking

status. If the user chooses to make a booking, the user must enter the booking

information. The user also can check the booking status to make sure the

booking application are approved or not approve by the administrator. After the

booking is approval by administrator, the user can go to the STAD to make a

payment. All bookings will be charged a cash deposit.

ii. Rule of Management, Uses and University Transportation Managing at

Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS)

University transportation that mean is a transport that is registered on the

name of Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS). The transport use that is managed via

local area that is limited for a formal function only. Beside that, for a not formal

function the approval to use is conquered to the conditions which are permanent

that are determined. The University also has categories the formal function and

not formal function that can deliberate for using the transport. The formal

function is such as activity for academic, student and management like

department family day and staff visit.

This system is developing by using the Visual Basic.Net software. The

functionality for this system is the user must enter the right username and

password. After that, the user must choose either want to make a booking or to

check the booking status. It is easily for the user because the booking for using

the transport can make by online. It is also have a policy to make a booking such

as the booking only can make by the staff. All the application can make seven

day before the date that want to use the transport. Then, the transportation

booking form can be accessed at homepage and the user must recheck the status

of the application three days after submitting the form.

The successful application of each transport booking is based on the first

come first serve basis. Then, the transports that are used must be charged. All the

charged is for buying the transport manages and driver cost.

Table 2.1: Comparison about Online Transport Booking System and STAD

Transportation Unit

2.2.2.1 Summary

1. Online booking system

2. Duration of booking

3. Produce report

4. Recheck booking status

5. Payment

6. User system

7. Show booking static

From the existing system that are referred to develop Online Transport Booking

System, the writer can make a summary where each system that are developed have an

own rules that must be followed by the user. Same with the Online Transport Booking

System also have a rule to make the system more efficient and easy to use. For all of

this, the writer sees all the aspect that is used in the existing system. But not all the

aspect in the existing system is followed because the user also must looks at the

requirement where the system is needed.

For develop the Online Transport Booking System, the writer follows the way to

make a booking in the existing system but enhance a few modules to this system. For

Online Transport Booking System, the writer improve the existing system and add a few

module such as the user can check the transport schedule to make sure the transport is

available or not at the date or time that the user want. After that, the administrator also

can see the report. And the last module is the user can see the statistic about the transport

Online Transport

Booking System

Yes

Yes

Yes

Yes

No

Staff

Yes

STAD

Transportation

Unit

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Student

No

University

Transportation

Managing

Yes

Yes

No

Yes

Yes

Staff

No

usage or not usage by month or year and by department. This entire module is

developing to make sure the Online Transport Booking System is more systematic and

efficient. Next, the user also is easily to use this system.

2.2.3 Technique

In this part, the techniques here refer to the way of booking the transport needed

in developing the Online Transport Booking System. One of the techniques used is by

observing the process make to find the current system that similar with Online Transport

Booking System. There are some similar systems that use the same technique, MIS to be

compared with the Online Transport Booking System.

Management Information Systems (MIS) is the application of information

technology to support business activities. To develop information systems that fill users'

needs, MIS professionals must understand organizational structures, business objectives,

and business operations (including processes and the flow of data between processes),

how to communicate effectively with users, and how to design systems that support their

activities. MIS professionals must also stay up-to-date with evolving information

technologies and have a solid foundation of technical skills to select appropriate

technologies and to implement computer-based information systems.

The some of the requirements for MIS are:

i. Create business applications in an event-driven programming language (such as

Visual Basic) including the development of user interfaces, use of controls,

writingldebugging code, and the creation of interactive menus.

. . 11. Apply data modeling techniques (such as normalization and ER diagramming) to

create a database model.

iii. Implement a database model in a relational database management system (such

as SQL or Access) including the creation of tables, establishing referential

integrity constraints, loading data, creating views, and producing forms and

reports using database data.

iv. Select and apply appropriate systems analysis and design techniques to create a

system design for a business process including systems development planning,

requirements determination and analysis, and datalprocess modeling.

v. Use modern application development products as prototyping tools in the

systems development process.

This project will follow MIS requirements as it is developed a system that

support business activities.

2.3 Project Methodology

In this system Object-Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) approach is chosen

to develop the Online Transport Booking System, although there are many types of

methodologies available as it provides more advantages compared with other

methodologies.

In developing the Online Transport Booking, object oriented approach for

software development process used is the V-model. The V-model is a graphical

representation of the system development lifecycle. It summarizes the main steps to be

taken in conjunction with the corresponding deliverables within computerized system

validation framework.

The left tail of the V-model represents the specification stream where the system

specifications are defined. The right tail of the V represents the testing stream where the

systems is being tested (against the specifications defined on the left-tail). The bottom of

the V where the tails meets represents the development stream.

Figure 2.1: The V-shape Model

Requirement Analysis Acceptance Tests

Analysis & Preliminary Design

Integration & System Tests

Unit Tests Detailed Design

Coding & Debugging

b

2.3.1 OOAD Phase

2.3.1.1 Planning

The planning stage establishes a bird's eye view of the intended system, and uses

this to establish the basic project structure, evaluate feasibility and risks associated with

the system and describe appropriate management and technical approaches.

Discussion is done within team members to decide the feasibility of the Online

Transport Booking System. Apart from that, continuous research on internet sources is

done to study on the current transport booking system. After deciding on building the

Online Transport Booking System, supervisor approval of the system is seek

In order to get a more detailed and clear understanding of how the current

transport booking system works, the writer conduct a field study. The writer also went to

Politeknik Kota Kuala Terengganu (PKKT) to interview the officer at management

department and ask for their permission to show the writer a form that is uses transport

booking system.

2.3.1.2 Requirement Analysis

Requirement analysis is a term that collectively describes the early phases of

systems development. Information requirement analysis is those development phases in

a project that primarily focus on the business problem, independent of any technology

that can or will be used to implement a solution to that problem.

During this stage, research is done to determine the system requirements. The

current transport booking system is studied in order to analyze the advantage and

disadvantage of the current system. Therefore, a new feature and functions are added to

the current transport booking system to improve the transport booking system

performance.

2.3.1.3 Analysis & Preliminary Design

Basically two analyses are carried out. First is analysis on the current system and

second is analysis on the system that will be developed. The analysis on the system to be

developed is important to ensure that developers understand what to be done in the next

stage. Functional requirements are identified and are presented using Unified Modeling

Language (UML). These includes the use cases and sequence diagrams.

For the preliminary design, the interface of the Online Transport Booking

System is designed. In interface design, we were needed to ensure that the system is a

user-friendly and interactive system. The interface design must be consistent and

interesting within the system requirements such as colour combining and fonts. This is

because interface design is important to web base environment in attract users. We also

have to fulfill the user requirement especially the procedures in handling the system

operation. Apart from that, system architecture, class diagram, sequence diagram and

use cases are discussed within supervisor.

23.1.4 Detailed Design

Design elements describe the desired system features in detail and generally

include functional hierarchy diagrams, screen layout diagrams, business rules, business

process diagrams and class diagram. These design elements are intended to describe the

software in sufficient detail that programmers may develop the system with minimal

additional input.

2.3.1.5 Coding & Debugging

After requirements and detailed design is specified, the coding for the system is

developed. After every 500 lines of codes are coded, debugging process is carried out to

detect error and fix it immediately. The purpose of debugging is to reduce error and to

ensure the system will be executed successfully.

2.3.1.6 Unit Tests

Programmers perform unit tests to assess the functionality of small modules of

code. Unit tests will be done to ensure Online Transport Booking System works on the

intended platform and with the expected results when specific action is taken.

2.3.1.7 Integration & System Tests

The Online Transport Booking System is tested to ensure that interfaces

available works when specific action is taken and the simulation between modules

works when user take an action.

2.3.1.8 Acceptance Tests

After the system has completed, it will be presented to supervisor, assessor and

public to ensure the Online Transport Booking System meets user requirements and is

feasible.

2.4 Project Requirement

Below are defined the specific project requirement in terms of software and

hardware to develop the Online Transport Booking System.

2.4.1 Software Requirement

Software requirements mention the software applications and programming

languages that are needed for the development of the project.

i. Operating System (Microsoft Window XP)

Used for software development purposes.

ii. Macromedia Dreamweaver MX

Macromedia's Dreamweaver MX is the leading Web production tool for both

Windows and Macintosh. Macromedia Dreamweaver MX is a professional

HTML editor for designing, coding, and developing websites, web pages and

web applications. Whether enjoy the control of hand-coding HTML or prefer to

work in a visual editing environment, Dreamweaver MX provides with helpful

tools to enhance web creation experience.

iii. MySQL Relational Database Management System

MySQL used to store the proposed system data. Apache is the best because

works fine in any operating system. It is extremely quick and amazingly stable.

Web server has seemed to be a fairly straightforward job, where it sits running on

top of operating system. The Apache Web server is the most popular Web server.

Apache is the best because works fine in any operating system. It is extremely

quick and amazingly stable.

iv. PHP 4.0 Application

PHP 4.0 works as well on as wide a variety of systems. It is a cross-platform and

accesses everything application program language beside of being constantly

improved.

v. Adobe Photoshop 7.0

Adobe Photoshop is hands down, the most popular program for creating and

modifying images for the web. Photoshop is only one tool in a good designer's

arsenal.

vi. Server (Internet Information Service - 11s)

The server is used to increase web site and application availability.

2.4.2 Hardware Requirement

i. Computer

The personal computer that is used to develop this system is Intel Pentium 4 with

CPU 1.80 GHz and 352 MI3 of RAM.

2.4.3 Other Requirement

i. Network - Internet Explorer (IE)

2.5 Project Schedule and Milestones

In project management, a schedule consists of a project's terminal elements with

intended start and finish dates. A Gantt chart was created to provide a graphical

representation of the project schedule on Online Transport Booking System to define the

start and completion of the project.

Table 2.2: Project Schedule

Activity Start Date

1) PSMI

Submit the complete title

suggestion to supervisor to

approve.

Completing Chapter Introduction

(Chapter I), Literature Review and

Project Methodology (Chapter 11)

and assessment improvement

project progress by supervisor.

Analysis requirement and complete

analysis report (Chapter 111).

Preliminary Design and complete

the Preliminary Design report

(Chapter JV) and project

assessment approval progress.

Complete and submit PSM I report

PSM I Presentation and assessment

End Date Result

Week 2

18/05/2007

Week 2

14/05/2007

Week 4

28/05/2007

Week 6

11/06/2007

Week 7

18/06/2007

Week 8

Week 2

18/05/2007

Week 3

25/05/2007

Week 5

08/06/2007

Week 6

15/06/2007

Week 7

22/06/2007

Week 8

. Complete Proposal

form.

. Report of Introduction,

Literature Review &

Project Methodology

Progress report

planning project.

Analysis report

~nalysis report

progress

Preliminary Design

report

Preliminary Design

Progress report

THREE copies of PSM

I report (for supervisor,

Assessor and

Translator)

Presentation

2.6 Conclusion

25/06/2007

As a conclusion, the literature review is an exploration of an area, which the best

definition and a framework for piece of research. A good methodology chosen with

correct project planning will ensure a systematic approach into completing the system.

The both of it are very important to study the current of existing work. The next chapter

will discuss about the analysis regarding the proposed system.

26/06/2007 Assessment

Final report PSM I

2) PSM I1

Completing and submit the Detail

Design report (Chapter IV)

Project assessment

Completing Chapter

Implementation (Chapter V) and

Testing (Chapter VI)

Complete and submit report (draft)

Project assessment

PSM I1 Presentation and

assessment

Week 1

09/07/2007

Week 11

17/09/2007

Week 5

10/09/2007

Week 13

02/10/2007

Week 14

8/10/2007

Week 16

20/10/2007

Week 4

03/08/2007

Week 11

21/09/2007

Week 12

28/09/2007

Week 13

05/10/2007

Week 14

17/10/2007

Week 16

26/10/2007

. Complete and submit

Detail Design report

Determine student

status

. Complete and submit

Implementation and

Testing report

. PSM I1 Report (draft)

. Determine student

status

. Presentation

Assessment

Final report PSM I1

ANALYSIS

3.1 Introduction

Analysis is a phase where it answers the question of who use the system, what

the system will do and where and when it will be used. During this phase, the current

system of transport booking is investigated, identify the improvement opportunities and

develop a concept for the new system of the transport booking. Analysis begins with a

strategy to analyze the current system and its problems and the ways to design a new

system.

Analysis about the current system for transport booking was conducted through

collecting information through brainstorming, interview, and observation, discussion

with supervisor and friends and researching current websites. The information is

gathered very important in the analysis to determine the requirements for Online

Transport Booking System.

3.2 Problem Analysis

The Problem Analysis will discuss about the current system scenario. After

doing some research, writer has found out that there are some problems using the

manual system. Even though there are only few problems, but it may affect the users and

also people who responsible to manage the booking system.

First problem that was identified is data lost. It is because to make a transport

booking a paper form is used and it is stored in a file. Possibilities of data losses while in

the process of approval are high. It is also hard to avoid unexpected thing such as fire

disaster. If the data are kept on paper, to make backup for the data is impossible.

There are also problems to the users when the process to make a booking takes

long time. It is because users must go to Administration Office and fill the booking

form. After that, the user must see the Head of Department and get permission. After

that, users also must see the Clerk at Administration Office to check the booking date.

Clerk will check the transport and driver schedule. Then users must see Director or

Executive Officer to get permission. If the Director or Executive Officer signs the form,

the booking application is approval.

Data integrity is also one of the problem occur when using the manual system. It

is occumng when the clerk may insert the wrong information about the booking

application. For example the user wants to book the bus at Saturday but the clerk key in

the form at Sunday. So the situation is the clerk key in the wrong booking data. The

clerk also hard to find the transport is available or not on that date. It is because the

manual system not has a transport schedule. So probability to the data a redundant will

be occurred in the manual system.

Start

4 Staff takes a booking form at Administration Office

4 Input: Bookinglrequest information

.c Head of department permission

No

Send booking form to Administration Office

Yes

Development Unit Permission

4 Clerk check the transport schedule

No 4

Clerk check the driver

No 4

Get permission from Director or Executive Officer

No 4

Output: Application approval

Figure 3.1: Flow Chart for the Current System Process