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© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 1
On the Evolution of GIS and
The Spatial Enabling of Information
“The Science of Where”
Continuation of White Paper First Written in 1994
Dr. Armando [email protected]
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-
information-paradigm-rev-06?from_search=17
@WhereScience
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 2
Where are we? Where are we going?
Far behind in time we have left the
days when cartographers drew map
reports of travelers and for areas not
known the phrase “Terra Incógnita”
was written.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 3
Vision and Creation
In a map we can see the past, the
present and the future… .
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 4
Visionary
Having or showing clear ideas about
what should happen or be done in
the future. Having or showing a
powerful imagination. A person that
by knowledge, experience and
practice establishes the foundation
to create, or creates, the future.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 5
Some “Recent” Visionaries
• Galileo Galilei
• Leonardo Da Vinci
• Jules Verne
• Charles Babbage
• Alexander G. Bell
• Thomas Edison
• Albert Einstein
Leonardo
Galileo
Charles
Alexander
Thomas
Albert
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 6
Some “recent” IT VisionariesEnterprises and Entrepreneurs
William (Bill) Gates III
• Intel
• IBM
• Hewlett Packard
• SUN / DELL
• APPLE
• NetScape
• AOL
• ORACLE
• Xerox Menlo Park
• CDC / Cray Research
• Others…
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 7
Some Geospatial Visionaries/Pioneers(North American-Centric)
� Roger Tomlinson
� Duanne Marble
� Tom Peucker
� Michael Goodchild
� Scott Morehouse
� Nicholas Chrisman
� Geoffrey Dutton
� Others…
Jack Dangermond (right)
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 8
Innovation at Hand
Three Key Ongoing Paradigm Shifts
� Miniaturization – electronics smaller and smaller
� Digitization – all is digital / faster
� Integration / Interoperability / “Intelligence”
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 9
Digital Integration
A Game Changer Revolution
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigm-
rev-06?from_search=17
• Mobile Phone
• Email/Internet
• Games
• TV / Cameras / Sensors
• Radio / CD / Video
• GPS
• Command / Control / Robotics
• Navigators
• Planning
• Holograms
• Augmented and virtual reality
• And much more…
Once independent (some analog) industries,
manufacturers, products – are now all in
ONE
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 10
Digital Integration
A Game Changer Revolution
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigm-
rev-06?from_search=17
• Mobile Phone
• Email/Internet
• Games
• TV / Cameras / Sensors
• Radio / CD / Video
• GPS
• Command / Control / Robotics
• Navigators
• Planning
• Holograms
• Augmented and virtual reality
• And much more…
Once independent (some analog) industries,
manufacturers, products – are now all in
ONE
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 11
Enabling IT Trends (1980’s to present)
1. Smaller
2. Faster
3. More for less (storage, processing, devices)
4. Rapid obsolescence
5. Higher resolution
6. Higher accuracy (metric)
7. Sensing intelligence, e.g. Visual Intelligence
8. Smarter assisting and autonomous devices
9. eConsumables
10. Device-content eCosystems (device-web “cloud”) verticals
(dumb_terminal-mainframe; client-server; client-cloud)
Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigm-
rev-06?from_search=17
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 12
Gartner: Top 10 Strategic
Technology Trends For 2014
1. Mobile Device Diversity and Management
2. Mobile Apps and Applications
3. The Internet of Everything
4. Hybrid Cloud and IT as Service Broker
5. Cloud/Client Architecture
6. The Era of Personal Cloud
7. Software Defined Anything
8. Web-Scale IT
9. Smart machines
10. 3-D Printing and manufacturing
Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2013/10/14/gartner-top-10-
strategic-technology-trends-for-2014/
© Visual Intelligence Company Confidential
© Visual Intelligence Company Confidential
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 13
IT Market Trends and Indicators
PCs Declining but strong. Portables outsell desktops.Source: http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1110__/
Mature: US and Europe
Emerging: Other
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 14
IT Market Trends and Indicators
Gartner’s Spending Forecast 2013Source: http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1104__/
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 15
Next: Innovation At Hand
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
� Digital integration – multi scale/n-dimensional / temporal
� Interoperable virtual 3D “worlds”/domains
� Robotics/UVS and voice/brain-wave driven devices
GEOSPATIAL TECHNOLOGY
� The map of the future is an intelligent virtual n-dimensional world of the world.Source: Guevara 1994 On the Spatial Enabling of Information
http://www.slideshare.net/armando_guevara/on-the-spatial-enabling-of-information-paradigm-
rev-06?from_search=17
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 16
UVS – Robotics – Navigating the 3D World
“Smart Machines”
This era will be the most disruptive in the history of
IT by the proliferation of:
� contextually aware, intelligent personal
assistants (voice/brain-wave driven)
� smart advisors (e.g., IBM Watson)
� advanced global industrial systems
� autonomous vehicles
Source: http://www.forbes.com/sites/peterhigh/2013/10/14/gartner-top-10-
strategic-technology-trends-for-2014/
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 17
How innovation is led - KISS
Modular – Scalable - Interoperable1. Solve “user’s pains”. Solutions that easily evolve, integrate, interoperate and escalate using One base
software/HW architecture for all apps - airborne, to ground, to mobile/handheld.
2. Correct, Robust & Reliable -performs consistently all the time.
3. Highest quality system solution (software, hardware); output easily ingestible by any 3rd party processing software. More for less digital paradigm.
4. Highest collection capacity & resolution – best in class.
5. Best value –economical, cost of ownership- apples to apples.
6. Automated, easy to use - minimal manual intervention workflow. UVS-ready.
7. Speed - fastest in class collection, processing and automated workflow.
8. Easy to deploy, maintain and upgrade software and hardware. Development follows object oriented (OO) paradigm and rigorous software engineering practices.
9. Innovate - do it right, right now; do not kludge or reinvent the wheel. Hustle with highest sense of urgency.
10. "Smartest" – clever designs and implementations, OO-P, reusable components (“Out of the box thinking”).
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 18
gIs Value Chain
Collect Imagery
2D Base Mapping
GIS - Imagery
3D Applications
Web Content
PaaS/AaaS 2D/3D
Gaming
AR/VR 3D
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 19
gIs Applications
$ Geoimaging Value Added $$$
Airborne Sensors / UVS / UAV / Mobile / Robotics / Handheld
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 20
Device-Content gIs
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 21
The Spatial Enabling of Information
A Geographic Paradigm Shift
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 22
“Space… the final frontier…”
• Spatial is everything… it is universal… it is infinite…
• Everything happens somewhere…
• The container and contained theory….
• Geospatial is everything locatable on the surface of the earth…
• Location is n-dimensional… it is macro… it is micro…
• Location is defined by geometry…
• All things are locatable in some space and therefore have relations…
• Relations are defined by topology… if location changes the relation may change…
• Gravity is about the interaction between the location of things…
• The Science of Where… Reality… Virtual Reality…Augmented Reality… “What is reality? it is all a mere illusion… a persistent one, mind you…” (Einstein)
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 23
The evolution of GIS - Geography
Idea…
Implementation…
Acceptance…
Disruptive
change…
®
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 24
The evolution of GIS - Geography
Gis1970-1980
Idea…
Implementation…
Acceptance…
Disruptive
change…
®
From paper to digital.
Automation of maps.
Digitizing maps.
Taking geographic
analysis “to the
computer”.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 25
The evolution of GIS - Geography
Gis1970-1980
GIS1980-1990
Idea…
Implementation…
Acceptance…
Disruptive
change…
®
From files to data bases
Spatial data vs non spatial data
Raster vs vector
G Integration with DBMS
Computerized geographic tool
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 26
The evolution of GIS - Geography
Gis1970-1980
GIS1980-1990 gIS
1990-2000
Idea…
Implementation…
Acceptance…
Disruptive
change…
®
It’s about information systems
All data digital - spatially enabled
Digital Data – Lots of Data
Emergence vertical information apps
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 27
The evolution of GIS - Geography
Gis1970-1980
GIS1980-1990 gIS
1990-2000
…from a geocentric paradigm to an information-centric one…
Idea…
Implementation…
Acceptance…
Disruptive
change…
®
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 28
Once upon a time… and still some times…
my-city-information-system.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 29
I
Ingenious (engineering)
Innovation
Integration
Interoperability
Interactivity
Interdisciplinary
IIIInference
Information
Inalámbrico (wireless)
The evolution of GIS - Information
2000-2010
GoogleEarth – BING – Yahoo Maps – Here - Others
Emergence and growth of “social networks and sensing”
Rise of the Internet of Everything and the Science of Where
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 30
Then… Now
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 31
IIIIImagery
IIIInformation
Intelligence
The evolution of GIS - Intelligence
IIIIntelligent IIIInternet (IIIIncreasingly)
2010+
(googols - 1 followed by 100 zeros)
Multidimensional data (spatial/temporal)
Intelligently Fused – spatial/temporaral co-registered
Autonomous Intelligent decision assisting systems
Rise of the spatially enabled machines
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 32
From the image to information to knowledgeInformation
Decisions / Actions
Users / UVS(Social Sensors)
Rule-Based Virtual Data Bases
Virtual n-D Worlds
KnowledgeIntelligence
Images/Data
n-Dimensional
Multimedia
Data
Sources
Fusion and “intelligent”
integration• Processing as a Service
• Data as a Service
• Software as a Service
• Information as a Service
• Applications as a Service
“The Cloud”
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 33
Challenges – “Big Data”
Source:
http://www.pctoday.com/DigitalIssues/PCToday/PT____1111__/
The “Internet of Everything”
Source: Ordnance Survey/linkeddata.org
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 34
Multidimensional (x,y,z,t)Integrated
Information Management
2D
3D
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 35
The Spatial Enabling of Information
Foundation for the Science of Where
The process of designing, developing, and implementing
solutions that integrate geospatial, information and
communication technologies that seek to optimize
workflows and reduce operating costs by leveraging “where
knowledge” in an innovative way is called “the spatial
enabling of information”.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 36
Shifting Gears into 3D
A Digital 3D World of the World – through Time
• Emergency Response
• Home Land Security
• AEC
• Real State
• Insurance
• Defense
• Situational Awareness
• Simulation
• Virtual Reality
• Augmented Reality
• Gaming
• Imagination is the limit
Source: www.cubecities.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 37
Augmented Reality
What is reality?
The Real World as an Operating System The future of computing
Reality is merely an illusion, albeit a very persistent one.
Albert Einstein
Source: www.youtube.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 38
I for Interior Modeling
Source: www.floored.com
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 39
Conclusions?
The Future?
Technology Society
“Digital Social Networks”
…connecting the dots…
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 40
From “data” to knowledge to intelligence
Human knowledge stored in rule-based data bases
n-dimensionally fused with ALL data (MACRO and micro)
Automatedknowledge-based
decisions and actions. Intelligent foundation for UVS.
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 41
GIS – Geography
“The Science of Where”
• It all happens somewhere.
• The n-dimensional spatial domain is a topologically and geometrically integrating and convergent domain. The “ultimate
container”.
• Where you are affects where you are… and where you will be: law of gravity.
Say what!?
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 42
gIs - I for Imagination
“Logic will get you from A to Z;
imagination will get you everywhere.”
“If you want your children to be
intelligent, read them fairy tales.
If you want them to be more
intelligent, read them more fairy
tales.”
© Armando Guevara – On the Spatial Enabling of Information 43
On the Evolution of GIS and
The Spatial Enabling of Information
“The Science of Where”
Continuation of White Paper First Written in 1994
To be continued…
Dr. Armando [email protected]
@WhereScience