OÊfi¡⁄ ⁄ Ƥp¤»⁄ÿ O⁄´⁄≠s⁄ · 2019-06-03 · TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT TEAM...
Transcript of OÊfi¡⁄ ⁄ Ƥp¤»⁄ÿ O⁄´⁄≠s⁄ · 2019-06-03 · TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT TEAM...
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KERALA READERKANNADA
BASIC TEXT
VI
OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄ —⁄¡⁄O¤¡⁄
—¤»⁄%d¨O⁄ ÃO⁄–y B≈¤SÊ
}⁄æ⁄·¤¬“•⁄»⁄¡⁄fl
}⁄æ⁄·¤¬“•⁄»⁄¡⁄fl
¡¤d¿ ÃO⁄–y —⁄MÀʇfi®⁄ Ê »⁄fl}⁄fl° }⁄¡⁄∑Êfi~ —⁄…fl~ (SCERT) OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄
2016
}⁄¡⁄V⁄~
OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄ Ƥp¤»⁄ÿ
O⁄ ⁄≠s⁄»⁄fl‡ƒ Æ⁄p⁄¿
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Æ⁄√~eÊk
∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ ⁄ ⁄≠ •ÊfiÀ⁄. ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl¡Êƒ«¡⁄‡ ⁄ ⁄≠ —⁄‘ʇfi•⁄¡⁄, —⁄‘ʇfi•⁄¬æ⁄fl¡⁄fl.
´¤ ⁄fl ⁄ ⁄≠ •ÊfiÀ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ Ø√fi~—⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê. @•⁄¡⁄ —⁄MÆ⁄ ⁄≠ ‘¤V⁄‡ »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿Æ⁄„y%»¤•⁄
Æ⁄¡⁄MÆ⁄¡ÊVÊ ¤ ⁄fl ‘Ê»ÊflΩÆ⁄s⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê.
´¤ ⁄fl ⁄ ⁄≠ }⁄M•Ê, }¤øfl »⁄fl}⁄fl° V⁄fl¡⁄fl’¬æ⁄fl¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ VË¡⁄…—⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê »⁄fl}⁄fl°
Gƒ«¡Ê‡s⁄ Ê —Ëd ⁄¿¶M•⁄ »⁄~%—⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê.
´¤ ⁄fl ⁄ ⁄≠ •ÊfiÀ⁄ »⁄fl}⁄fl° •ÊfiÀ⁄•⁄ d ⁄¬VÊ ⁄ ⁄≠ À⁄√•Ê™æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ »⁄flfltƤWs⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê.
@»⁄¡⁄ OÊ–fi»⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° —⁄»⁄fl‰¶™æ⁄fl≈Ê«fi ⁄ ⁄≠ A ⁄M•⁄…•Ê.
¡¤Œ⁄oÒWfi}Ê
d ⁄V⁄y »⁄fl ⁄ @©´¤æ⁄flO⁄ dæ⁄fl‘Êfi
∫¤¡⁄}⁄ ∫¤V⁄¿ …®¤}¤
Æ⁄Me¤∂ “M®⁄fl V⁄fld¡¤}⁄ »⁄fl¡¤p¤
•¤√…s⁄ D}⁄Qƒ »⁄MV¤
…M®⁄¥¿ ’»⁄·¤ ⁄ƒ æ⁄fl»⁄flfl´¤ V⁄MV¤
D ⁄cƒ dƒ©}⁄¡⁄MV¤
}⁄»⁄À⁄fl∫⁄ ´¤»Êflfi e¤VÊfi
}⁄»⁄À⁄fl∫⁄ AÃŒ⁄ »⁄·¤VÊfi
V¤‘Êfi }⁄»⁄ dæ⁄fl V¤¢¤
d ⁄V⁄y »⁄flMV⁄ƒ•¤æ⁄flO⁄ dæ⁄fl‘Êfi
∫¤¡⁄}⁄ ∫¤V⁄¿ …®¤}¤
dæ⁄fl‘Êfi dæ⁄fl‘Êfi dæ⁄fl‘Êfi
dæ⁄fl dæ⁄fl dæ⁄fl dæ⁄fl‘Êfi
Prepared by :State Council of Educational Research and Training (SCERT)Poojappura, Thiruvananthapuram 695012, KeralaWebsite : www.scertkerala.gov.ine-mail : [email protected] : 0471 - 2341883, Fax : 0471 - 2341869First Edition : 2014, Reprint: 2016Typesetting : SCERTLay out : SCERTCover design : SCERTPrinted at : KBPS, Kakkanad, Kochi-30© Department of Education, Government of Kerala
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Ø√fi~æ⁄fl …•¤¿£%V⁄◊Êfi,
∫¤ŒÊæÊflM•⁄¡Ê »⁄·¤}Êæ⁄fl »⁄fl»⁄fl}Êæ⁄fl ‘¤VÊ. ´⁄æ⁄fl …´⁄æ⁄fl¶M•⁄ O⁄‡t•⁄
»⁄·¤}⁄fl Gƒ«¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ —Ê◊Êæ⁄flfl}⁄°•Ê. ⁄»⁄flΩ »⁄·¤}⁄fl O⁄‰~V⁄◊⁄fl ⁄»⁄flΩ »⁄¿P°}⁄ _M}⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
‘ʇ¡⁄VÊs⁄‘⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. O⁄ ⁄≠s⁄ ⁄fltæ⁄flfl ⁄»ÊflΩƒ«¡⁄ ∑¤M®⁄»⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∑Ê—Êæ⁄flfl}⁄°•Ê. —⁄M—⁄Ì~æ⁄fl
OÊÁV⁄ ⁄≠tæ⁄·¤W¡⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fltæ⁄fl ’¬»Êflæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ fi»Êƒ«¡⁄‡ @¬}⁄flOʇ◊⁄Ÿ∑ÊfiO¤W•Ê. @•⁄O¤QW
¨»⁄flΩ »⁄fl ⁄—⁄‡¡ÊVʇÿ—⁄fl»⁄M}⁄‘⁄ O⁄}Ê, O⁄…}Ê, ´¤lO⁄, B}¤¿¶ —¤’}⁄¿ Æ⁄√O¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
C Æ⁄p⁄¿Æ⁄‚¥—⁄°O⁄•⁄Δ« Oʇs⁄≈¤W•Ê. »⁄flΩ AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄‡≠, ∫¤»⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄‡≠, @ ⁄fl∫⁄»⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄‡≠
‘⁄M_Oʇ◊⁄Ÿƒfl »⁄fl}⁄fl° Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄ƒfl C Ƥp⁄Æ⁄‚¥—⁄°O⁄»⁄‚¥ —⁄‘⁄O¤¬æ⁄·¤V⁄Δ GM•⁄fl A×⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê.
B»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ D}⁄°»⁄fl »⁄·Ëƒ¿V⁄◊⁄fl _M}⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl ¨»⁄flΩ ∂•⁄flPVÊ •¤¬¶fiÆ⁄»¤V⁄Δ.
O⁄ ⁄≠s⁄ O⁄fl—⁄fl»⁄fl•⁄ O⁄MÆ⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄—⁄¬—⁄ƒfl ´¤»Êƒ« JM•¤W À⁄√…fl—ʇfiy.
Ø√fi~Æ⁄„»⁄%O⁄ ‘¤¡ÊÁOÊV⁄◊ʇM¶VÊ,
s¤. Ø.G. ±¤~»⁄fl
¨•Êfi%À⁄O⁄¡⁄fl
G—È.“.B.A¡È.n., OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄
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TEXTBOOK DEVELOPMENT TEAM
STANDARD VI
KANNADA - BT
ParticipantsAsha Kumari K., SGKHS KudluKunhirama, AKMMAUPS Paika
Padmanayana, SVVAUPS KodlamogaruRadhakrishna Bhat, SNHS Perla
Sathyanarayana Sharma, GSBS KumblaShekhara Shetty, HAUPS Chippar
Shrinivasa K.H., Dharmathadka AUPSSubrahmanya Bhat K., GSBS Soorambail
Udaya Kumar M., GHS AdoorVeena K., GHSS Kundamkuzhi
ExpertsDr. Srikrishna Bhat P., Professor (Rtd), Govt. College, Kasaragod.
Dr. Rathnakara Mallamoole, Asst. Professor, Govt. College KasaragodShridhara N., Asst. Professor, Govt. College, Kasaragod
Shivashankar, Asst. Professor, Govt.College, Manjeshwar.
ArtistsBalamadhurakanana, Madhurakanana, Bela.
Shyam Shashi, GHSS Kakkat.
Academic Co-ordinatorDr. Faisal Mavulladathil, Research Officer SCERT, Thiruvananthapuram.
¡¤d¿ ÃO⁄–y —⁄MÀʇfi®⁄⁄ Ê »⁄fl}⁄fl° }⁄¡⁄∑Êfi~ —⁄…fl~ (SCERT) OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄
…•¤¿∫⁄»⁄ ⁄, Æ⁄„dÆ⁄‚ ∞¡⁄, ~¡⁄fl»⁄ ⁄M}⁄Æ⁄‚¥¡⁄M 695012
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@ ⁄flO⁄√»⁄fl{OÊ
1. »⁄—⁄fl®Êæ⁄fl »ÊÁ∫⁄»⁄ 7
»⁄fl¡⁄fl‘⁄fllflo (O⁄¢Ê)
´Êfi—⁄¡⁄fl (O⁄…}Ê)
Æ⁄√»¤“V⁄¡⁄ —⁄ V⁄%-»⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl (—⁄§◊⁄ Æ⁄¬ ⁄æ⁄fl)
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ (O⁄…}Ê)
2. JM•¤W ∑¤◊ʇfiy 27
OÊ_` ⁄ Pt (O⁄¢Ê)
I•⁄fl ∑Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl O⁄‡t (O⁄…}Ê)
—⁄»⁄fl∑¤◊⁄fl (Æ⁄√∂M®⁄)
3. —⁄fl}⁄° »⁄flfl}⁄° 41
»⁄fl¡⁄…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl? (»⁄ ⁄ ⁄V⁄◊⁄fl)
A}⁄Ω…À¤ —⁄•⁄ Vʃfl»⁄‚¥ (≈ÊfiR ⁄)
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ (d ⁄Æ⁄•⁄ O⁄}Ê)
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»⁄fl ⁄flŒ⁄¿ ⁄fl Ƥ√O⁄‰~O⁄ …OʇfiÆ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ G•⁄fl¬“ ffi…—⁄ƒfl O⁄Δ}⁄flOʇMt•¤ß Ê. Æ⁄√O⁄‰~æ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»⁄
—⁄flM•⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄ Ws⁄»⁄fl¡⁄, Ƥ√{Æ⁄P– »⁄fl}⁄fl° ⁄¶»⁄ ⁄ »⁄flflM}¤•⁄»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ O⁄fl¬}⁄fl ‘¤t ‘ʇV⁄ÿ•¤ß Ê.
⁄»⁄flΩ ¤t ⁄ƒ‡« —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄ Æ⁄√»¤“ }¤yV⁄ÿ»Ê. ∑Êlo, V⁄fls⁄u, ⁄¶, dƒÆ¤}⁄, —⁄¡Ê‡fi»⁄¡⁄V⁄◊⁄fl
⁄»⁄flΩ ¤t ⁄ —ËM•⁄æ⁄fl%»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘Ê_`“»Ê. —⁄ V⁄%—⁄•⁄‰À⁄»¤•⁄ E¡⁄flV⁄◊⁄‡ BΔ«»Ê. Æ⁄√O⁄‰~æ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»⁄
»⁄fl‡O⁄ Ƥ√{V⁄◊⁄fl Æ⁄¡Ê‡fiÆ⁄O¤¬V⁄◊¤W ffi…—⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. Æ⁄√O⁄‰~æ⁄fl —⁄»⁄fl}ʇfiƒ´⁄ ‘¤V⁄‡
—ËM•⁄æ⁄fl%»⁄ ⁄fl≠ O¤Æ¤s⁄fl»⁄Δ« æ⁄·¤¡⁄ Ƥ}⁄√»⁄„ P¬•⁄ƒ«.
1
»⁄—⁄fl®Êæ⁄fl »ÊÁ∫⁄»⁄
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»⁄fl¡⁄fl ‘⁄fllflo
Æ⁄„»⁄%O¤ƒ•⁄Δ« —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄¡¤d ⁄fl ∫⁄¡⁄}⁄ ∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl •⁄P–y ∫¤V⁄•⁄ ¡¤d¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ AÿOʇMt•⁄ß ⁄fl. @»⁄ ⁄fl
"≈ʇfiO⁄O⁄≈¤¿y»Êfi }⁄ ⁄≠ ’}⁄' GM•⁄fl ∫¤…“OʇMt•⁄ß ⁄fl. Æ⁄√eÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄ M}⁄ »⁄flO⁄Q◊⁄M}Ê Ê‡fitOʇ◊⁄flŸ~°•⁄ß ⁄fl.
@»⁄ ⁄fl »⁄√}⁄ Œ⁄r ¤W ‘⁄yfl|‘⁄MÆ⁄ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ~M•⁄fl ¨fi¡⁄fl O⁄fltæ⁄flfl}¤° AÀ⁄√»⁄fl•⁄Δ« ffi…—⁄fl~°•⁄ß ⁄fl.
JM•⁄fl ¶ ⁄ @»⁄ ⁄fl GM¶ ⁄M}Ê ⁄¶VÊ ‘ʇfi•⁄ ⁄fl. —¤≠ ⁄ »⁄·¤t @Y⁄¥¿%»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∏s⁄ƒfl ∑ʇV⁄—Êæ⁄flΔ« fi¡⁄ ⁄fl≠
}ÊVÊ•⁄flOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl. AV⁄ ∑ʇV⁄—Êæ⁄flΔ« H ʇfi ‘⁄¬•¤t•⁄M}¤øfl}⁄fl. ʇfit•¤V⁄ Æ⁄‚¥lo …flfi ʇM•⁄fl O⁄Ms⁄fl
∂M}⁄fl. @•⁄ ⁄fl≠ ⁄¶VÊ ∏s⁄∑ÊfiOÊ ⁄fl≠»⁄Œ⁄o¡⁄Δ« @•⁄fl ¡¤d ⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄fl¬}⁄fl ""@æ⁄·¤¿ ¡¤d Êfi, ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄‚¥ ⁄N ¨fi¬ ⁄Δ«
∏s⁄∑Êfis⁄; ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄fl≠ B}⁄¡⁄ dƒ ⁄¡⁄V⁄ÿM•⁄ ¡⁄P–—⁄fl. ¨ ⁄VÊ J◊ÊŸæ⁄fl•¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl'' GM•⁄fl ⁄fltøfl}⁄fl. ¡¤d ⁄fl
O⁄ O⁄¡⁄¶M•⁄ A …flfi ⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ ⁄≠ O⁄»⁄flMs⁄ƒ•⁄Δ«lfloOʇMs⁄fl AÀ⁄√»⁄flOÊQ ’M~¡⁄flW•⁄ ⁄fl. fi¡⁄fl }⁄flM∏•⁄ß »⁄fls⁄OÊæ⁄flΔ«
A …flfi ⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∏lo ⁄fl. »⁄fl¡⁄fl¶ ⁄ »⁄flflMe¤ Ê O⁄»⁄flMs⁄ƒ }ÊVÊ•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ⁄¶æ⁄fl O⁄sÊ ‘ʇ¡⁄s⁄fl»⁄Œ⁄o¡⁄Δ« ""¡¤e¤,
⁄ ⁄VÊ BΔ« —⁄§◊⁄ —¤O¤V⁄fl~°ƒ«. •⁄æ⁄fl…lflo ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄fl≠ BΔ«M•⁄ ∑Êfi¡Ê O⁄sÊVÊ —¤W—⁄fl'' GM∂ ®⁄¥ ¨ OÊfiÿ“}⁄fl. ¡¤d ⁄fl
@}⁄° ʇfit•¤V⁄ »⁄fls⁄OÊæ⁄flΔ« ‘¤P•⁄ß …flfi ⁄fl »⁄fls⁄OÊæ⁄flŒ⁄flo •Ê‡s⁄u•¤W}⁄fl°. —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ VÊ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl%»¤øfl}⁄fl.
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@•⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄…flfiÆ⁄•⁄ ¨fi¬ ⁄ ‘ʇMs⁄•⁄Δ« ‘¤P•⁄ ⁄fl. ¶ ⁄ O⁄◊Ê•¤V⁄ @•⁄fl ‘ʇMs⁄•⁄Œ⁄flo •Ê‡s⁄u•¤W}⁄fl°. @•⁄fl
¡¤d ʇs⁄ Ê ""»⁄fl‘¤¡¤e¤, ⁄ ⁄≠¨≠fiV⁄ ⁄¶æ⁄flΔ« ∏s⁄fl'' GM¶}⁄fl. …flfi¨ ⁄ Oʇfi¬OÊæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ¡¤d ⁄fl CsÊfi¬“•⁄ ⁄fl.
’fiVÊæÊflfi ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄fl O⁄◊Ê•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. JM•⁄fl ¶ ⁄ ¡¤d ⁄fl »⁄flflMe¤… ⁄Δ« @Y⁄¥¿% ∏s⁄fl~°¡⁄fl»¤V⁄ •Ê‡s⁄u•¤•⁄
…flfi ʇM•⁄fl ¡¤d ⁄ ∂ÿ ∂M¶}⁄fl. @•⁄fl ¡¤d ʇs⁄ Ê ""»⁄fl‘¤ ⁄fl∫¤»⁄, ´¤ ⁄fl ¨¨≠M•⁄ —⁄M¡⁄P–—⁄ƒ∞lo …flfi ⁄fl.
¨fi ⁄fl »⁄fl‘⁄•⁄flÆ⁄O¤¡⁄ »⁄·¤t•Ê. B ʇ≠M•⁄fl DÆ⁄O¤¡⁄ AV⁄∑ÊfiP}⁄fl°. •⁄æ⁄fl…lflo ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄fl≠ —⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√•⁄Δ« ∏s⁄fl''
GM•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ}⁄fl. @•⁄fl O⁄–yO⁄–y»⁄„ ∑Ê◊Êæ⁄flfl~°}⁄fl°. —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ ⁄fl A …flfi ⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄‡s⁄≈Êfi —⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√•⁄Δ« ∏lo ⁄fl. AV⁄
A …flfi ⁄fl ""G≈ÊÁ —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄, ¨fi ⁄fl ∫⁄P°øflM•⁄ »⁄·¤t•⁄ —Êfi»Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ »Êfl_`•Êßfi Ê. ¨¨≠M•⁄ JM•⁄fl »⁄fl‘⁄}¤Qæ⁄fl%
AV⁄∑ÊfiP•Ê. BM¶¨M•⁄ H◊⁄ Êæ⁄fl ¶ ⁄ »⁄fl‘¤Æ⁄√◊⁄æ⁄fl —⁄M∫⁄…—⁄Δ•Ê. AV⁄ dV⁄}⁄fl° —⁄MÆ⁄„y% O⁄}⁄°≈¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
dV⁄}⁄fl° ‘Ê•Êß¡ÊV⁄ÿM•⁄ @≈ʇ«fiƒO⁄≈ʇ«fiƒ»¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. —⁄—⁄¿¡¤Ã, ffi»⁄—⁄MO⁄flƒV⁄◊ʃ« fi¬ ⁄Δ« »⁄flfl◊⁄flW ‘ʇfiV⁄fl»⁄‚¥»⁄‚¥.
V⁄fls⁄u∑ÊloV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ À⁄¡⁄©æ⁄flfl ⁄flMV⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. ‘¤V¤W fi ⁄fl BM¶¨M•⁄≈Êfi À⁄√•Ê™øflM•⁄ —⁄O⁄ƒ —⁄—⁄¿¡¤ÃV⁄◊⁄ ∏fidV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
ÀÊfiR¬“lfloOʇfi. Æ⁄√~æʇM•⁄fl ffi…æ⁄fl Æ⁄√∫Êfi•⁄V⁄◊⁄´⁄fl≠ —⁄MV⁄√’“lfloOʇ —⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√•⁄Δ« ¨´⁄V¤W •Ê‡s⁄u
´¤»ÊæʇM•⁄fl O¤æ⁄flfl~°¡⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. ¨fi ⁄fl G≈¤« Oʃ—⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄flflW“•⁄ ∂ÿO⁄ ´¤»Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ‘⁄}⁄fl°. AV⁄ ´¤ ⁄fl O⁄‡s⁄
@Δ«¡⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê. ¨fi ⁄fl •Ê‡s⁄u ‘⁄V⁄X¶M•⁄ ´¤»Êæ⁄fl ⁄‡≠ ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄‡≠ O⁄no eʇfit—⁄fl'' GM•⁄fl ∑ÊfiO¤W¡⁄fl»⁄ O¤æ⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄
∂VÊX …»⁄¬“ ‘Êfiÿ}⁄fl. ¡¤d ⁄fl …flfi¨ ⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ JØ∞OʇMs⁄fl @•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ« G≈¤« “•⁄™}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄‡≠
»⁄·¤tOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl.
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A¡⁄fl ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄fl •¤n•⁄»⁄‚¥. …flfi ⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄M}ÊæÊflfi Æ⁄√◊⁄æ⁄fl•⁄ —⁄‡ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl O¤{“•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. Æ⁄À⁄flÆ⁄P–V⁄◊⁄fl
…_}⁄√»¤W O⁄‡V⁄}ʇs⁄W•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. O¤s⁄fl»⁄fl‰V⁄V⁄◊⁄fl ¶OÊQlo»⁄¡⁄M}Ê Ks⁄}ʇs⁄W•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. AV⁄—⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ O¤»Ê‡fi%s⁄V⁄◊⁄fl
A»⁄¬“•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. ªfiO⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄ ∏¡⁄flV¤ÿ ∏fi—⁄}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl. Ws⁄»⁄fl¡⁄V⁄◊⁄fl ∂fls⁄—⁄»Êflfi}⁄ P}⁄fl° AO¤À⁄•⁄Δ« ‘¤¡⁄}ʇs⁄W•⁄fl»⁄‚¥.
dt»⁄fl◊Ê A¡⁄M∫⁄»¤øfl}⁄fl. ¨¡⁄M}⁄¡⁄»¤W ‘⁄ƒ»⁄‚¥ ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ O¤ƒ ®¤¡¤O¤¡⁄ »⁄fl◊Ê —⁄fl¬øfl}⁄fl. Æ⁄√Æ⁄M ⁄•⁄ —⁄O⁄ƒ
Ƥ√{V⁄◊⁄fl ¨fi¡⁄Δ« Oʇ_`‘ʇfi•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. ¨fi¡⁄fl DOÊQfi¡⁄}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl. V⁄fls⁄u ∑ÊloV⁄◊⁄fl ¨fi¡⁄Δ« »⁄flfl◊⁄flW•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. GΔ«
ʇfit•⁄¡⁄‡ ¨fi¡Êfi¨fi¡⁄fl. —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ ⁄fl …flfi ⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄M}ÊæÊflfi }¤ ⁄fl —⁄MV⁄√’“•Ê߃«»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ´¤»Êæ⁄flΔ« }⁄flM∏“
@•⁄¡⁄Δ« O⁄flÿ}⁄flOʇMt•⁄ß ⁄fl. ≈ʇfiO⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ A»⁄¬“•⁄ß ¨fi¬ ⁄Δ« ¡¤d ⁄fl O⁄flÿ~•⁄ß ∂‰‘⁄}È ´¤»Êæ⁄flfl }Êfiƒfl~°}⁄fl°.
¨fi¡⁄fl B ⁄‡≠ »Êflfi≈Êfi¡⁄}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl. ´¤»Êæ⁄flfl G}⁄°¡Ê}⁄°¡⁄OÊQ H¡⁄}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl. AV⁄ dƒ¡¤Ãæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ “fiÿOʇMs⁄fl,
•ÊÁ}⁄¿ @≈ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ G∏π—⁄fl}¤° …flfi ʇM•⁄fl ∂M•Êfi∏no}⁄fl. @•⁄fl ∂‰‘⁄•¤O¤¡⁄»¤W ∑Ê◊ʶ}⁄fl°. @•⁄¡⁄ }⁄≈Êæ⁄flΔ«
JM•⁄fl Oʇfis⁄fl B}⁄fl°. }⁄ ⁄≠ ∂ÿ ∂M•⁄ …flfi ⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ ⁄fl ∑Ê¡⁄V¤W ʇfit•⁄ ⁄fl. O⁄‡s⁄≈Êfi @»⁄ ⁄fl ‘⁄V⁄X•⁄
JM•⁄fl }⁄fl¶æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ¤»ÊV⁄‡ B ʇ≠M•⁄fl }⁄fl¶æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ …flfi¨ ⁄ OʇfitV⁄‡ ∏Wæ⁄·¤W O⁄no•⁄ ⁄fl. ¤»Êæ⁄flfl …flfi¨ ⁄
¡⁄O⁄–zÊøflM•¤W —¤V⁄¡⁄•⁄Δ« }Êfiƒ}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl.
‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄fl D¡⁄flÿ•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. —¤V⁄¡⁄•⁄ D∂π¡⁄ Bÿæ⁄fl}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl. ∫⁄‡…fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° AO¤À⁄
À⁄fl∫⁄¥√»¤•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. ¡¤d ⁄fl }¤ ⁄fl —⁄MV⁄√’“•⁄ß ∏fidV⁄ÿM•⁄ —⁄‰œoO¤æ⁄fl%•⁄Δ« }ʇs⁄W•⁄ ⁄fl. ∫⁄‡…flæ⁄flΔ« »⁄fl}Ê° —⁄—⁄¿
—⁄MO⁄flƒV⁄◊⁄fl ‘⁄flnoOʇMs⁄fl»⁄‚¥. Ƥ√{Æ⁄P–V⁄◊⁄fl, PfildM}⁄flV⁄◊⁄fl —⁄O⁄ƒ»⁄„ —⁄‰œoæ⁄·¤•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. BΔ«« —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ ⁄fl }⁄ ⁄≠
Æ⁄√eÊV⁄◊⁄ OÊ–fi»⁄flO¤QW ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ O¤ƒ —¤ ¢⁄%¶M•⁄ ¡¤d¿»¤ÿ•⁄ ⁄fl.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
V⁄noæ⁄·¤W K¶¬
C O⁄¢Êæ⁄flΔ« »⁄flVÊ BŒ⁄o»¤•⁄ ∫¤V⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄ ¡⁄∫¤¡⁄æ⁄flflO⁄°»¤W K¶¬.
^⁄_%“¬
…flfi´⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄M}Ê —⁄O⁄ƒ ffi…V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄√∫Êfi•⁄»⁄´⁄fl≠ —⁄MV⁄√’—⁄ƒfl —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄¨VÊ —¤®⁄¥¿»¤V⁄¶¡⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡Ê
H´¤V⁄fl~°}⁄fl°?
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D}⁄°¬“¬
∫⁄¡⁄}⁄ ∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl •⁄P–y ∫¤V⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ AÿOʇMt•⁄ß @¡⁄—⁄ æ⁄·¤¡⁄fl?
¡¤d¨VÊ O¤{“•⁄ Æ⁄√◊⁄æ⁄fl•⁄ —⁄‡ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥»⁄‚¥?
…flfi ⁄fl ¡¤d¨VÊ JØ∞“•⁄ O¤æ⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄fl æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥»⁄‚¥?
—⁄M•⁄∫⁄% ~ÿ“¬
""@æ⁄·¤¿ ¡¤d Êfi, ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄‚¥ ⁄N ¨fi¬ ⁄Δ« ∏s⁄∑Êfis⁄''
""G≈ÊÁ —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄, ¨¨≠M•⁄ JM•⁄fl »⁄fl‘⁄}¤Qæ⁄fl% AV⁄∑ÊfiP•Ê''
Ƥ}⁄√_}⁄√y »⁄·¤t¬
C O⁄¢Êæ⁄flΔ« Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄»¤W ∂M¶¡⁄fl»⁄ O⁄¢¤Æ¤}⁄√V⁄◊⁄fl æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥»⁄‚¥? @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄Δ« ¨»⁄flVÊ BŒ⁄o»¤•⁄ O⁄¢¤
Ƥ}⁄√•⁄ O⁄fl¬}⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬.
E’“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
∫⁄æ⁄·¤ ⁄O⁄ Æ⁄√◊⁄æ⁄fl O¤ƒ»⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄z¤|¡Ê …fiP–“•⁄ —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ ⁄ »⁄fl ⁄“” ⁄Δ« »⁄fl‡t•⁄ ∫¤»⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl H´¤W¡⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl?
E’“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
»⁄y% Ê }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
»⁄fl◊ÊV¤ƒ•⁄Δ« Oʃ»Ê„»ÊflΩ dt»⁄fl◊Ê —⁄fl¬æ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄flMlfl. @M}⁄‘⁄ »⁄fl◊Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ »⁄{%“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
Æ⁄•⁄ …MV⁄t“¬
BΔ« G¡⁄s⁄fl @¢⁄»¤ G¡⁄s⁄PQM}⁄ ‘Ê ⁄fl` Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄fl —Êfi¬OʇMt¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄•⁄⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Oʇs⁄≈¤W•Ê. @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
@¢⁄%»⁄¿}¤¿—⁄»¤V⁄•⁄M}Ê …MV⁄t“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
‘⁄¬•¤t•⁄M}¤øfl}⁄fl ∏s⁄∑ÊfiOÊ ⁄fl≠»⁄Œ⁄o¡⁄Δ« AÀ⁄æ⁄fl%»¤øfl}⁄fl
¨ ⁄VÊfi´¤V⁄∑ÊfiOÊM∂fl•⁄ ⁄fl≠ —¤O¤V⁄fl~°ƒ« ∂‰‘⁄•¤O¤¡⁄
»⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄fl¡⁄flÿ•⁄fl»⁄‚¥ •Ê‡s⁄u•¤W}⁄fl° DOÊQfi¡⁄}ʇs⁄W}⁄fl
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—⁄Mæ⁄flflO⁄° »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄¡⁄◊⁄»¤O⁄¿V⁄◊¤W ∂¡Êøfl¬
»⁄·¤•⁄¬æ⁄flM}Ê OÊ◊⁄VÊ ¨fis⁄≈¤•⁄ —⁄Mæ⁄flflO⁄° »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl OÊs⁄•⁄M}Ê —⁄¡⁄◊⁄»¤O⁄¿V⁄◊¤W ∂¡Êøfl¬.
»⁄·¤•⁄¬ : Æ⁄„»⁄%O¤ƒ•⁄Δ« —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ GM∂ ¡¤d ⁄fl ∫⁄¡⁄}⁄ ∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl •⁄P–y ∫¤V⁄•⁄ ¡¤d¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠
AÿOʇMt•⁄ß ⁄fl.
Æ⁄„»⁄%O¤ƒ•⁄Δ« —⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ GM∂ ¡¤d ⁄fl B•⁄ß ⁄fl. @»⁄ ⁄fl ∫⁄¡⁄}⁄∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl •⁄P–y ∫¤V⁄•⁄ ¡¤d¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠
AÿOʇMt•⁄ß ⁄fl.
JM•⁄fl ¶ ⁄ ¡¤d ⁄fl »⁄flflMe¤… ⁄Δ« @Y⁄¥¿% ∏s⁄fl~°¡⁄fl»¤V⁄ •Ê‡s⁄u•¤•⁄ …flfi ʇM•⁄fl ¡¤d ⁄ ∂ÿVÊ
∂M¶}⁄fl.
¡¤d´⁄fl …flfi¨´⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄flV⁄◊⁄´⁄fl≠ JØ∞OʇMs⁄fl @•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ«æÊflfi G≈¤« “•⁄™}ÊV⁄◊⁄´⁄fl≠
»⁄·¤tOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl.
¡¤d ⁄fl —⁄MV⁄√’“•Ê߃«»⁄ ⁄‡≠ ¤»Êæ⁄flΔ« }⁄flM∏“ @•⁄¡⁄Δ« O⁄flÿ}⁄flOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl.
»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬
OÊ◊⁄W ⁄ »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄Δ« @tVÊ¡Ê G◊Ê•⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂◊⁄“ ∑Êfi¡Ê »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬.
…flfi¨ ⁄ Oʇfi¬OÊæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ¡¤d ⁄fl CsÊfi¬“•⁄ ⁄fl.
dV⁄}⁄fl° ‘Ê•Êß¡ÊV⁄ÿM•⁄ @≈ʇ«fiƒO⁄≈ʇ«fiƒ»¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
¨fi ⁄fl —⁄MV⁄√’“•⁄ß Ê≠ƒ« —⁄fl¡⁄P–}⁄»¤W ´¤»Êæ⁄flΔ« Bs⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.
—⁄}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ ⁄fl dƒÆ⁄√◊⁄æ⁄fl•⁄ —⁄M•⁄∫⁄%•⁄Δ« »⁄·¤s⁄∑ÊfiO¤•⁄ Oʃ—⁄V⁄ÿVÊ⁄ “•⁄™⁄ß}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ OÊÁVʇMs⁄ ⁄fl.
∫⁄‡…fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° AO¤À⁄ À⁄fl∫⁄¥√»¤•⁄fl»⁄‚¥.
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Êfi—⁄¡⁄fl
}Êfi¡⁄ H¬ @M∂¡⁄•¤VÊ Êfi—⁄¡⁄fl ⁄V⁄fl}¤ Ê
»⁄fl¡⁄Ws⁄ }⁄‡V¤¿»Ê-‘⁄PQ ‘¤s¤¿»Ê;
∏fiæ⁄·¤%»Êfi - ʃfl»⁄ - ∏fiæ⁄·¤%»Êfi
∑¤ ʇfit ⁄Δæʇfiy }⁄»⁄·¤Ω
´¤»⁄‚¥ ‘¤t O⁄fl{æʇfiy }⁄»⁄·¤Ω
∑ÊfiΔ »⁄·¤¿VÊ ∂y| ∂y|•⁄ ‘⁄‡»⁄‚¥ @¡⁄◊¤¿»Ê
A ‘⁄‡… ⁄ }⁄flM∂ —⁄y| _mÊo O⁄flM}¤»Ê
∑¤W ∏fiW @}⁄° B}⁄° ∑¤◊Ê ∂◊⁄flO¤¿»Ê
A ∑¤◊Ê »⁄ ⁄»Êfi ⁄O⁄flQ ‘⁄yfl| }⁄M•¤»Ê-
O⁄flM}⁄¡Ê —Ê◊Ê»¤
—⁄M}⁄—⁄ }⁄¡⁄fl»¤
‘ʇMVÊ mʇMVÊ }⁄‡W-∑¤W V¤ÿ ∏fi—¤¿»Ê
∫⁄‡…fl »⁄·¤¿VÊ ‘⁄ ⁄‘⁄ ⁄VÊ ‘¤¶ }Ê¡Ê•¤»Ê
A ‘¤¶ @O⁄QÆ⁄O⁄Q ∂ÿŸ ∑Ê◊Ê•¤»Ê-
—¤ƒfl —¤ƒfl ∑Êlo V⁄fls⁄u »⁄·Ë ⁄ }⁄◊Ê•¤»Ê.
A »⁄·Ë ⁄•⁄ V¤ ⁄ Gƒ«¡⁄ »⁄fl ⁄—⁄ —Ê◊Ê•¤»Ê-
∫¤»⁄ ∏¬•⁄fl
‘⁄~°¡⁄ O⁄¡Ê•⁄fl
»⁄·¤»⁄‚¥ ∑Êfi»⁄‚¥ }¤◊Ê }ÊMV⁄fl-≈¤Δ ‘¤s¤¿»Ê
∫Êfi•⁄ ∫¤»⁄ »⁄flfl ⁄fl`»⁄fl¡Ê JM•⁄‡ »⁄·¤sÊßfi Ê
A —⁄‡æ⁄fl% JM•Êfi ∑Ê◊⁄O⁄ ⁄»⁄flVÊ ¨fis¤¿ Ê
V¤ÿ ¨fi¡⁄fl Gƒ« Oʇlflo dV⁄»⁄ ⁄sÊ—¤¿ Ê
A “¬æ⁄fl ‘⁄M_OʇMs⁄¡Ê ∑¤◊⁄fl —⁄…eÊfi Ê
Ø√fi~ ∑Ê◊Ê•⁄fl
—Ê≠fi‘⁄ }⁄◊Ê•⁄fl
⁄V¤° ⁄V¤° ¤»⁄‚¥ fi»⁄‚¥ - —⁄…æ⁄flfl»⁄ —⁄flR»⁄ Ê≠fi.
s¤+ •Ê‡s⁄u¡⁄MVÊfi VËs⁄
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s¤+ •Ê‡s⁄u¡⁄MVÊfi VËs⁄
s¤+ •Ê‡s⁄u¡⁄MVÊfiVËs⁄ @»⁄¡⁄fl }⁄fl»⁄flO⁄‡¡⁄fl f≈Ê«æ⁄fl »⁄fl®⁄flW¬ }¤ƒ‡P ⁄ O⁄fl¡⁄fl∂¡⁄
‘⁄ÿŸæ⁄flΔ« 1946¡⁄ ±Ê∂√»⁄¬ 7¡⁄M•⁄fl d¨“•⁄¡⁄fl. }⁄M•Ê ¡⁄MVÊfi VËs⁄¡⁄fl, }¤øfl
@O⁄Q»⁄flΩ. GM.G, Ø.G^È.t. Æ⁄•⁄… Æ⁄sʶ¡⁄fl»⁄ B»⁄¡⁄fl »⁄‰~°æ⁄flΔ« ÃO⁄–O⁄¡¤W•⁄ß¡⁄fl.
dV⁄Δ ‘⁄~° Bÿ•⁄fl, O⁄yfl| ´¤ƒVÊ O⁄s⁄ƒfl, ´¤s¤t, »⁄·Ë ⁄ —⁄∞M•⁄ ⁄ »⁄flflM}¤•⁄
O⁄‰~V⁄◊⁄´⁄‡≠ @´ÊfiO⁄ Æ⁄√»¤—⁄ O⁄¢⁄´⁄V⁄◊⁄´⁄‡≠ ¡⁄_“•¤ß¡Ê. B»⁄¡⁄fl ¡⁄_“•⁄ ^⁄ƒ´⁄
_}⁄√Wfi}ÊV⁄◊⁄fl d ⁄Ø√æ⁄fl»¤W»Ê. ¡¤d¿ —¤’}⁄¿ @O¤s⁄…fl, ¡¤eʇ¿fi}⁄”»⁄ Æ⁄√À⁄“°
»⁄flflM}¤•⁄ Æ⁄√À⁄“°V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sʶ•¤ß¡Ê.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
‘¤t¬
C Æ⁄•⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡¤V⁄»¤W ‘¤t¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
}Êfi¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ H¬ AO¤À⁄•⁄Δ« ⁄V⁄fl»⁄»⁄ ⁄fl æ⁄·¤¡⁄fl?
Gƒ«¡⁄ »⁄fl ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —Ê◊Ê•⁄fl•⁄fl æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•⁄fl?
∑¤◊⁄fl —⁄…eÊfi´¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl æ⁄·¤»¤V⁄?
O¤¡⁄y Oʇt¬
C O⁄»⁄ ⁄•⁄Δ« »⁄flVÊ BŒ⁄o»¤•⁄ —¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“¬. @»⁄‚¥ æ⁄·¤OÊ BŒ⁄o»¤•⁄fl»ÊM•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ¬.
—¤ ¡⁄—⁄¿ ∂¡Êøfl¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇlo Æ⁄•⁄¿ ∫¤V⁄•⁄ —¤ ¡⁄—⁄¿ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
»⁄·¤»⁄‚¥ ∑Êfi»⁄‚¥ }¤◊Ê }ÊMV⁄fl-≈¤Δ ‘¤s¤¿»Ê
∫⁄Êfi•⁄ ∫¤»⁄ »⁄flfl ⁄fl`»⁄fl¡Ê JM•⁄‡ »⁄·¤sÊßfi Ê
A —⁄‡æ⁄fl% JM•Êfi ∑Ê◊⁄O⁄ ⁄»⁄flVÊ ¨fis¤¿ Ê
V¤ÿ ¨fi¡⁄fl Gƒ« Oʇlflo dV⁄»⁄ ⁄sÊ—¤¿ Ê
A “¬æ⁄fl ‘⁄M_OʇMs⁄¡Ê ∑¤◊⁄fl —⁄…eÊfi Ê
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AÀ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬
Êfi—⁄¡⁄fl Æ⁄•⁄¿•⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Ê•⁄fl }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« »⁄flMt“¬.
O⁄…}Ê ¡⁄_“¬
BΔ« ¨fit¡⁄fl»⁄ —¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄flflM•⁄fl»⁄¬“ O⁄…}ÊæʇM•⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬.
¡¤~√ O⁄◊Êøfl}⁄fl
∑Ê◊⁄O⁄fl ‘⁄¬øfl}⁄fl
‘⁄PQ V⁄‡s⁄ ⁄fl }ʇ¡Êøfl}⁄fl
................................
.................................
.................................
ÃŒ⁄o¡⁄‡Æ⁄ ∂¡Êøfl¬
Æ⁄•⁄¿•⁄Δ« ∂¡⁄fl»⁄ V¤√»⁄fl¿ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Ms⁄fl’t•⁄fl @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ÃŒ⁄o¡⁄‡Æ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
D•¤: }⁄‡V¤¿»Ê - }⁄‡W»Ê
‘¤s¤¿»Ê - ‘¤t»Ê
nÆ⁄∞{ ∂¡Êøfl¬
"—⁄‡æ⁄fl%¨ƒ«•⁄ dV⁄}⁄° ⁄fl≠ E’—⁄ƒfl @—¤®⁄¥¿' C »⁄·¤~ ⁄ ∂VÊX »⁄flΩ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
—⁄MV⁄√’“¬
Æ⁄√O⁄‰~VÊ —⁄M∂M©“•⁄ Wfi}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄MV⁄√’“ —⁄M_OÊ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
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Æ⁄√»¤“V⁄¡⁄ —⁄ V⁄% - »⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl
O⁄ ¤%lO⁄ ‘¤V⁄‡ }⁄…fl◊⁄fl´¤t ⁄ V⁄tæ⁄·¤W¡⁄fl»⁄ "»⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl' OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄ ¡¤d¿•⁄ JM•⁄fl f≈Ê«æ⁄·¤W•Ê.
O⁄y‡|¬¨M•⁄ Æ⁄„»⁄%OÊQ 112 P.…flfi. —⁄M ⁄¬“•⁄¡Ê —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄ ÆÊ√fiO⁄–{fiæ⁄fl —⁄§◊⁄»¤•⁄ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ƒflÆ⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.
"»⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl' GM∂fl•⁄fl "" "∂æ⁄flƒflV⁄◊⁄ ¤s⁄fl' ; "»⁄æ⁄fl≈È´¤sÈ' ∂ÿO⁄ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤s¤W ¡⁄‡Æ¤M}⁄¡⁄VʇMt}⁄fl''
GM∂ ‘ÊfiÿOÊøfl•Ê. »⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl …À¤ƒ»¤•⁄ ∂æ⁄flƒflV⁄◊⁄ƒ«•Ê O¤s⁄flV⁄◊⁄‡ Æ⁄»⁄%}⁄V⁄◊⁄‡ ⁄¶V⁄◊⁄‡ d≈¤À⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄‡
¶ fiÆ⁄V⁄◊⁄‡ B¡⁄fl»⁄ ⁄æ⁄fl ⁄»⁄fl ʇfi‘⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄ Æ⁄√•ÊfiÀ⁄. @•⁄fl æ⁄·¤~√O⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ OÊÁ∏fi“ O⁄¡Êæ⁄flfl~°¡⁄fl»⁄ ¡⁄»⁄fl{fiæ⁄fl
}¤yV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘ʇM¶•Ê. ^¤¡⁄{V⁄¡⁄, Æ⁄¬—⁄¡⁄ Ø√æ⁄fl¡⁄, Æ⁄P– ÆÊ√fi…flV⁄◊⁄, O⁄yΩ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄{—⁄fl»⁄ OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄•⁄ HOÊÁO⁄
f≈Ê« »⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl GM∂fl•⁄¡⁄Δ« G¡⁄s⁄fl »⁄·¤~ƒ«.
»⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl f≈Ê«æ⁄fl D}⁄°¡⁄ ∫¤V⁄•⁄Δ« Æ⁄◊⁄ÃÕ¡¤d ⁄ —¤Ω¡⁄O⁄, Æ⁄P–Ƥ}¤◊⁄M, ∑ÊfiV⁄‡¡⁄fl »⁄ ⁄¿»⁄fl‰V⁄ —⁄M¡⁄O⁄–z¤
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O ÊfiM•⁄ √ , } ʇfi≈Ê ∞n o @¡ ⁄y¿ ffi…
—⁄M¡⁄O⁄–z¤OÊfiM•⁄√V⁄ÿ•⁄ß¡Ê, Æ⁄„»⁄%•⁄Δ«
»⁄flfl}⁄°\] »⁄ ⁄¿»⁄fl‰V⁄ —⁄M¡⁄O⁄–z¤ OÊfiM•⁄√…•Ê.
•⁄P–y ∫¤V⁄•⁄Δ« ÆÊ„fiOʇQfis⁄fl —⁄¡Ê‡fi»⁄¡⁄,
O¤M}⁄ ÈƤ∞¡⁄, —⁄‡_Ƥ∞¡⁄, …flfi ⁄fl»⁄flflno
dƒÆ¤}⁄V⁄◊⁄‡ fiΔ»⁄fl≈Ê …fiO⁄–z¤ OÊfiM•⁄√
O⁄‡s¤ B»Ê. B»⁄ƒ«•Ê ∑¤z¤—⁄fl¡⁄ —¤V⁄¡⁄
@zÊO⁄lflo, Gs⁄O⁄ƒfl« V⁄fls⁄u, V⁄fl‘ÊV⁄◊⁄fl ‘¤V⁄‡ ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl eÊÁ ⁄ OÊ–fi}⁄√V◊⁄fl BΔ«»Ê. "BΔ« ‘⁄¬æ⁄flfl»⁄ ƤÆ⁄ ¤Ã¨æ⁄flΔ«
—¤≠ ⁄ »⁄·¤t•⁄¡Ê ‘Ê—⁄¡Êfi —⁄‡_—⁄fl»⁄M}Ê »⁄fl ⁄flŒ⁄¿ ⁄ d ⁄Ωd´¤ΩM}⁄¡⁄•⁄ ƤÆ⁄V⁄◊ʃ«»⁄„ fiV⁄fl}⁄°»Ê' GM∂ ⁄M∏OÊøfl•Ê.
ƤÆ⁄ ¤Ã¨æ⁄fl —⁄…flfiÆ⁄•⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ ~¡⁄fl ÊΔ« »⁄fl‘¤…Œ⁄fl| •Êfi»⁄—¤§ ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ •⁄P–yO¤ÃæÊflM∂fl•¤W ~ÿæ⁄flfl}¤°¡Ê.
»Ê‡fiO⁄–Ƥ√Ø°æ⁄·¤V⁄fl»⁄ OÊ–fi}⁄√»ÊM•⁄fl ~ÿæ⁄flƒ∞s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄¬M•⁄ BΔ« ¶´⁄»⁄„ ´⁄‡¡¤¡⁄fl ~fi¢¤%lO⁄¡⁄fl ∂M•⁄fl
Ø}⁄‰À¤√•⁄™»⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄·¤s⁄fl}¤°¡Ê.
~¡⁄fl ÊΔ« ∑Êlo•⁄ }⁄Æ⁄∞Δ ⁄Δ« »⁄flflM•⁄fl»⁄¬•⁄¡Ê Æ⁄P–Ƥ}¤◊⁄OÊQ }⁄ƒflÆ⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl. O⁄ ¤%lO⁄•⁄ V⁄tæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠
‘¤•⁄fl BΔ«VÊ —⁄flƒ∫⁄»¤W }⁄ƒflÆ⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl. Æ⁄√æ⁄·¤y•⁄ »⁄fl®Ê¥¿ A ÊV⁄◊⁄ ’Ms⁄ ⁄‡≠ O¤s⁄flOʇfiyV⁄◊⁄ V⁄flMÆ⁄ ⁄‡≠
O¤y∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl. BΔ« ‘⁄flƒfl«V¤»⁄ƒ ⁄‡≠ ’M¶PQ »⁄flflM•Ê —¤W•¤V⁄ »⁄fl‡¡⁄fl A ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Δ«“•⁄Œ⁄flo G}⁄°¡⁄•⁄ ∂MsÊV⁄◊⁄
V⁄flMÆ⁄‚¥ O¤y“V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. @Δ« JM•⁄¡⁄ »Êflfi≈ʇM•⁄¡⁄M}Ê eʇfit“lo ∂MsÊV⁄◊⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° @M}⁄—⁄°flV⁄◊¤W ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl
V⁄fl‘ÊV⁄◊⁄fl Vʇfi ⁄¬—⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. ∂MsÊV⁄ÿM•⁄ ∂MsÊV⁄ÿVÊ —¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl @Œ⁄flo —⁄flƒ∫⁄»⁄ƒ«. }Ê»⁄ÿæ⁄fl‡ ⁄fl—⁄flÿæ⁄fl‡
—¤V⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. Æ⁄P–Ƥ}¤◊⁄»⁄‚¥ ‘⁄ƒ»⁄‚¥ @Æ⁄„»⁄% Æ⁄P–V⁄◊⁄ »¤—⁄—⁄§◊⁄. OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄•⁄ ¡¤d¿ Æ⁄P–æ⁄·¤•⁄ •Ê‡s⁄uOʇM∂fl
OʇPQ ⁄ ‘⁄PQ (∂‡•⁄fl »⁄fl≈Ê»⁄flMV⁄mÊo ‘⁄PQ) æ⁄fl ⁄‡≠ }⁄ ⁄≠ GMdƒ Ê≠fi ∂◊⁄“ V⁄‡s⁄fl ¨…fl%—⁄fl»⁄ "Gt∏≈È Ê—Èo
“ ÆÈo≈ÊmÈ' G ⁄fl≠»⁄ Æ⁄P–æ⁄fl ⁄‡≠ BΔ« O¤y∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.
O⁄ ⁄≠s⁄•⁄ Æ⁄√“•⁄™ ⁄ƒ ⁄_}⁄√V⁄◊⁄≈ʇ«M•¤•⁄ "Gs⁄O⁄ƒfl« V⁄fls⁄u•⁄ »Êflfi≈Ê' GM∂fl•⁄fl _~√fiO⁄¡⁄yVʇMs⁄ Gs⁄O⁄ƒfl«
V⁄flsÊuæ⁄fl‡ V⁄fl‘Êæ⁄fl‡ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t´≈Êfi« B¡⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. ""C Gs⁄O⁄ƒfl« V⁄fl‘Ê ∂‘⁄◊⁄ »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ ’M•Ê DMm¤•⁄
∫⁄‡O⁄MÆ⁄¶M•¤W ⁄•⁄fl¬ ‘ʇfi•⁄ ∂MsÊV⁄ÿM•⁄ ¨»⁄·¤%yVʇMs⁄fl•¤W¡⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl'' GM∂fl•⁄fl B~‘¤—⁄O¤¡⁄¡⁄
@M∑ʇfiy. B•⁄fl Æ⁄‚¥¡¤}⁄ ⁄ »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ ⁄ »¤—⁄—⁄§◊⁄»¤W}Ê°M∂fl•⁄OÊQ O⁄fl¡⁄fl‘¤W C V⁄fl‘Êæ⁄fl ∂MsÊV⁄◊⁄Δ« Ƥ√_fi ⁄»¤•⁄
Ã≈¤ΔØV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O¤y∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl. C V⁄fls⁄u»⁄‚¥ —⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√»⁄fllo¶M•⁄ 4000 @t G}⁄°¡⁄•⁄Δ«•Ê. 96 @t D•⁄ß»⁄„
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20-22 @t @V⁄ƒ»⁄„ B¡⁄fl»⁄ ∏¡⁄flP ⁄ »Êflfi≈Ê ∂‰‘⁄•¤O¤¡⁄•⁄ ∂MsÊæʇM•⁄fl ∏•⁄flß C V⁄fl‘Êæ⁄flfl ¡⁄‡Æ⁄‚¥VʇMt•Ê.
GsÊæ⁄flΔ« O⁄ƒfl« ∏•⁄flß DMm¤•⁄fl•⁄fl GM∂fl•⁄¬M•¤W B•⁄OÊQ Gs⁄O⁄ƒfl« GM∂ ‘Ê—⁄¡⁄flMm¤øfl}⁄fl.
»⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄ »ÊflfiƤ∞tæ⁄flΔ« ÊM∂√»⁄fl≈Êøfl•Ê. —¤‘⁄“V⁄¬VÊ⁄ C Æ⁄√•ÊfiÀ⁄»⁄‚¥ JM•⁄fl —⁄»¤≈¤W•Ê. B•⁄fl
—⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√»⁄fllo¶M•⁄ 6300 @t G}⁄°¡⁄•⁄Δ«•Ê. ÊM∂√OÊQ ‘ʇfiV⁄∑ÊfiP•⁄ß¡Ê »ÊflfiƤ∞t @¡⁄y¿ —⁄M¡⁄O⁄–y —⁄…fl~
O⁄aÊfi¬æ⁄flΔ« ‘Ê—⁄¡⁄fl, …◊¤—⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ Oʇlflo @ ⁄fl»⁄fl~ Æ⁄}⁄√ Æ⁄sÊæ⁄fl∑ÊfiO⁄fl. —⁄ ƒ∞ »⁄flflM•Ê —⁄»⁄fl}⁄m¤o•⁄ •¤¬æ⁄flΔ«
⁄sÊ•¤V⁄ …fiO⁄–z¤ VʇfiÆ⁄‚¥¡⁄ “V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. @Δ«M•⁄ »⁄flflM¶ ⁄ ‘¤¶ »Êflfiƒfl»ÊflfiƒOÊQ —¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. O¤ƒ≠sÊøflM•⁄
4-5 »ÊflÁΔV⁄◊⁄Œ⁄flo »ÊflfiƒOÊQ }⁄ƒflØ•¤V⁄ JM•⁄fl —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄ —⁄¡Ê‡fi»⁄¡⁄ O¤y“V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. ‘⁄‰•⁄æ⁄fl•⁄ AO⁄‰~æ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»⁄
»⁄fl}⁄fl° GM•⁄‡ ∂}⁄°•⁄ C }⁄m¤O⁄OÊQ ‘⁄‰•⁄æ⁄fl}⁄m¤O⁄»ÊM∂ ‘Ê—⁄¡⁄fl @ ⁄ ¢⁄%»¤W•Ê. ÊM∂√»⁄fl≈Êæ⁄fl }⁄fl}⁄°}⁄fl¶ }⁄ƒflÆ⁄ƒfl
»⁄fl}⁄‡° »ÊflfiƒOÊQ —¤V⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. @Δ«M•⁄ »ÊÁ~°¬, O⁄ƒ∞lo, O¤¡¤Æ⁄‚¥◊⁄ @zÊO⁄lflo , ∑¤z¤—⁄fl¡⁄ —¤V⁄¡⁄ @zÊO⁄lflo..., ’fiVÊ
JM•Êfi G¡⁄sÊfi....! »⁄fl ⁄¡⁄Mf—⁄fl»⁄, O⁄y°{—⁄fl»⁄ ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl •⁄‰À⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O¤y∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.
»⁄fl ⁄flŒ⁄¿»¤—⁄…ƒ«•⁄ ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl _O⁄Q _O⁄Q ¶ fiÆ⁄V⁄◊⁄‡ BΔ«»Ê. B»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄fl¡⁄fl»¤ ¶ fiÆ⁄V⁄◊ÊM•⁄fl O⁄¡Êæ⁄flfl}¤°¡Ê.
O⁄بfi (O⁄∏¨fi) ⁄¶æ⁄flΔ« ‘⁄¡⁄tOʇMt¡⁄fl»⁄ C ¶ fiÆ⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« ∏¶¡⁄flV⁄◊⁄‡ •Ê‡s⁄u •Ê‡s⁄u »⁄fl¡⁄V⁄◊⁄‡ O¤Ms¤«
O¤s⁄flV⁄◊⁄‡ B»Ê. C ¶ fiÆ⁄V⁄◊⁄fl ……®⁄ }⁄¡⁄•⁄ Æ⁄P–V⁄◊⁄ ®¤»⁄fl»⁄„ ‘Ë•⁄fl. @}⁄¿M}⁄ •Ê‡s⁄u ¶ fiÆ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄fl~° ∂¡⁄ƒfl
»⁄fl‡¡⁄fl V⁄MmÊV⁄◊⁄ —⁄»⁄flæ⁄·¤»⁄O¤À⁄ ∑ÊfiO⁄fl. —⁄M^¤¡⁄OÊQ }ÊÆ⁄∞V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ @¢⁄»¤ ∑ʇfilflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ DÆ⁄æʇfiW—⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.
∏¶¬¨M•⁄ ¨…fl%“•⁄ —Êfi}⁄fl»Ê »⁄fl}⁄fl° ∂‰‘⁄}È V¤}⁄√•⁄ »⁄fl¡⁄V⁄◊⁄fl BΔ« ⁄ …ÀÊfiŒ⁄}ÊV⁄◊¤W»Ê.
»⁄flfl}⁄°\] ‘¤V⁄‡ }ʇfi≈Ê∞no »⁄ ⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« —⁄M ⁄¬—⁄fl»¤V⁄ O¤s¤ ÊV⁄◊⁄ •⁄À⁄% ⁄»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. —¤»⁄·¤ ⁄¿»¤W A ÊV⁄◊⁄fl
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’Ms⁄fl’Ms¤W —⁄M ⁄¬—⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. —⁄•⁄flßV⁄•⁄߃…ƒ«•Ê ´¤…•⁄ß¡Ê A ÊV⁄◊⁄fl À¤M}⁄»¤W O¤t ʇ◊⁄VÊ ‘ʇfiV⁄fl}⁄°»Ê.
JMn—⁄ƒV⁄»¤W•⁄ß¡Ê Æ⁄√æ⁄·¤{O⁄¡⁄fl G^⁄`¬OÊøflM•⁄ B¡⁄∑ÊfiO¤•⁄fl•⁄fl @V⁄}⁄¿»¤W•Ê. Ƥ√}⁄NO¤ƒ•⁄Δ« »⁄fl}⁄fl°
—⁄‡æ⁄·¤%—⁄°»⁄·¤ ⁄ —⁄»⁄flæ⁄flV⁄◊⁄Δ« O¤s¤ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘¤V⁄‡ B}⁄¡⁄ »⁄fl‰V⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘Ê ¤`W O¤y∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl. C O¤s⁄flV⁄◊⁄Δ«
‘⁄ƒ»⁄‚¥ }⁄¡⁄•⁄ fMOÊV⁄◊⁄fl, }ʇfi◊⁄V⁄◊⁄fl ‘¤V⁄‡ ……®⁄ }⁄¡⁄•⁄ Æ⁄P–V⁄◊⁄fl O⁄Ms⁄fl∂¡⁄fl}⁄°»Ê.
»⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄ »ÊflfiƤ∞tøflM•⁄ 13 P.…flfi. •⁄‡¡⁄•⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ "—⁄‡fƤ∞¡⁄' dƒÆ¤}⁄»⁄‚¥ ‘Ê—⁄¡Êfi
—⁄‡_—⁄fl»⁄M}Ê —⁄‡fæ⁄flM}Ê M~¡⁄fl»⁄ O⁄ƒfl«V⁄◊⁄ »ÊflfiƒOÊQ ®⁄fl»⁄flflO⁄fl»⁄ C —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄ •⁄‰À⁄¿»⁄‚¥ æ⁄·¤~√O⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄‡fV⁄Δ« ⁄M}Ê
}⁄ Ê≠sÊVÊ —Ê◊Êæ⁄flfl}⁄°•Ê. "O¤M}⁄ ÈƤ¡⁄' dƒÆ¤}⁄»⁄‚¥ —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄»¤W•⁄flß O¤M}⁄•⁄M}Ê Æ⁄√æ⁄·¤{O⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ ⁄≠ O⁄sÊVÊ
AO⁄œ%—⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. Ã≈¤æ⁄flflV⁄•⁄ d ⁄¡⁄fl »¤“—⁄fl~°•⁄ß "»⁄flfl¨æ⁄fl¡⁄'V⁄◊⁄‡ (»⁄flfl¨O⁄ƒfl«) BΔ«»Ê. "D•⁄æ⁄fl —⁄‡æ⁄fl%' ⁄
O⁄{»Êæ⁄flfl »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄ @}⁄¿M}⁄ —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄ …fiO⁄–z¤ OÊfiM•⁄√»¤W•Ê. Æ⁄„»⁄%•⁄Δ« "…flfi´È»⁄flflno' dƒÆ¤}⁄»⁄„
Æ⁄Ã`»⁄fl•⁄Δ« B ʇ≠M•⁄fl dƒÆ¤}⁄»⁄„ B•Ê. B»Ê¡⁄s⁄‡ —Êfi¬ O¤s⁄flV⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl®Ê¥¿ ⁄fl—⁄flÿ ‘⁄¬æ⁄flfl»⁄ •⁄‰À⁄¿»⁄‚¥ @}⁄¿M}⁄
⁄æ⁄fl ⁄ »⁄fl ʇfi‘⁄¡⁄»¤W•Ê. O⁄yfl| ‘¤øfl“•⁄≈Ê«≈¤« G}⁄°¡⁄}⁄V⁄flXV⁄ÿM•⁄ O⁄‡t•⁄ …À¤ƒ ∑ÊloV⁄◊⁄fl O¤{—⁄fl}⁄°»Ê.
»⁄fl{| M•⁄ …fl%“•⁄⁄⁄ ∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄ @}⁄¿M}⁄ •Ê‡s⁄u @zÊO⁄m¤o•⁄ ∑¤z¤—⁄fl¡⁄ @zÊO⁄l‡o BΔ«•Ê. »⁄y% ÊV⁄‡ ƒflO⁄•⁄
C —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄ •⁄‰À⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄MsÊfi A—¤ ¶—⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl.
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"…flfi´È»⁄flflno' dƒÆ¤}⁄»⁄‚¥ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄
dƒÆ¤}⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« @}⁄¿M}⁄ •Ê‡s⁄u•¤W•Ê. »⁄fl‡¡⁄fl
}⁄lfloV⁄◊¤W ®⁄fl…flΩO⁄flQ»⁄ C dƒÆ¤}»⁄ ⁄fl≠ •⁄‡¡⁄¶M•⁄
ʇfis⁄fl»¤V⁄ "»ÊflfiΔ¨M•⁄ —⁄O⁄Q¡Ê —⁄fl¬æ⁄flfl~°•Êæʇfi'
GM∂M}Ê ∫¤—⁄»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. BΔ« Æ⁄√»¤“V⁄¡⁄fl ®⁄fl»⁄flflO⁄fl»⁄
¨fi¬VÊ }⁄≈Êæʇtu »ÊflÁ»⁄fl¡Êæ⁄flfl}¤°¡Ê.
"OÊfi¡⁄◊⁄“M‘⁄' GM•Êfi Æ⁄√“•⁄ ™´¤•⁄ …fi¡⁄
Æ⁄◊⁄ÃÕ¡¤d´⁄fl »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t´⁄ "»⁄·¤…ƒM }ʇfis⁄fl' GM∂Δ« ´⁄sÊ•⁄ æ⁄flfl•⁄™•⁄Δ« ∏√nŒ⁄¡⁄´Ê≠•⁄fl¬“ …fi¡⁄
»⁄fl¡⁄y»⁄ ⁄≠Ø∞•⁄ ⁄fl. A}⁄ ⁄ —¤Ω¡⁄O⁄ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄ "»⁄·¤ ⁄M}⁄»¤t'VÊ —⁄…flfiÆ⁄•⁄Δ«•Ê. ʃ•⁄tæ⁄flΔ« ¨…fl%“•⁄
JM•⁄fl »⁄—⁄fl°Æ⁄√•⁄À⁄%´¤ƒæ⁄fl»⁄„ BΔ«•Ê.
—⁄fl»⁄·¤¡⁄fl 700 »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ ’M•Ê ¨»⁄·¤%yVʇMs⁄ eÊÁ ⁄ •ÊfiV⁄flƒ»⁄„ BΔ«•Ê. 300 »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ ’M•Ê
¨…fl%“•⁄ "Oʇfi¡Ê‡fi' »⁄fl“fi¶æ⁄flΔ« CV⁄ƒ‡ ⁄sÊæ⁄flfl~°¡⁄fl»⁄ "D¡⁄‡—È' ⁄Δ« e¤~»⁄fl}V⁄◊⁄⁄ ∫Êfi•⁄…ƒ«•Ê —¤…¡¤¡⁄fl
»⁄flM¶ Ƥ≈ʇX◊⁄flŸ}¤°¡Ê. 1905¡⁄Δ« ¨…fl%“•⁄ "Æ⁄ÿŸO⁄fl ⁄fl≠ BV⁄f%' BΔ« ⁄ Æ⁄√“•⁄™ BV⁄f%æ⁄·¤W•Ê. ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl
’M•⁄‡ A^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ¤Δ—⁄fl»⁄ C BV⁄f%æ⁄flfl B}⁄¡⁄ BV⁄f%V⁄ÿWM}⁄ ª ⁄≠»¤W•Ê.
BŒÊofi @ƒ«•Ê ƒPQt, O⁄fl¡⁄flM∑¤ƒÆ⁄lo»⁄fl≈Ê, ¨fiΔ»⁄fl≈Ê, O⁄≈¤%s⁄ }⁄m¤O⁄, ±¤¿MlM ¡Ê‡fiOÈ.... ’fiVÊ
B ⁄‡≠ ‘⁄}⁄fl° ‘⁄ƒ»⁄‚¥ ÆÊ√fiO⁄–{fiæ⁄fl —⁄§◊⁄V⁄◊⁄fl C f≈Ê«æ⁄flΔ«»Ê. ¨d»¤Wæ⁄fl‡ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤s⁄fl Æ⁄√»¤“V⁄◊⁄ —⁄ V⁄%»Êfi
@ƒ«»Êfi!
- —¤®¤¡⁄
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
Æ⁄√ÀÊ≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
Ƥp⁄⁄•⁄⁄ Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄fl D}⁄°¡⁄»¤W ∂¡⁄fl»⁄M}Ê —¤®⁄¥¿…¡⁄fl»⁄Œ⁄flo Æ⁄√ÀÊ≠V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ }⁄SÊ°æ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ DÆ⁄æʇfiW“ —¤®⁄¥¿…¡⁄fl»⁄Œ⁄flo @¢⁄%Æ⁄„y%»¤•⁄
»¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬.
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´¤V⁄¡⁄}⁄≠ ‘ʇ¡⁄l◊⁄fl
VʇfiƤƒ
Æ⁄»⁄%}⁄
H¬•⁄◊⁄fl
¡¤{ •¤n•⁄´⁄fl
—⁄≤æ⁄fl
´⁄¶
•¤n•⁄◊⁄fl
¡¤eÊfiÀ⁄ H¬•⁄´⁄fl
eʇfi´È
Æ⁄√»¤—⁄
‘ʇ¡⁄l ⁄fl
»⁄fl ⁄…Æ⁄}⁄√ ¡⁄_“¬
¨»⁄flΩ À¤≈ÊøflM•⁄ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄ ∑ÊfiV⁄‡¡⁄fl »⁄ ⁄¿»⁄fl‰V⁄ —⁄M¡⁄O⁄–y OÊfiM•⁄√OÊQ ÀÊÁO⁄–{O⁄ Æ⁄√»¤—⁄ OÊÁVʇ◊⁄Ÿƒfl
~fi»⁄·¤%¨—⁄≈¤W•Ê GM•⁄fl ∫¤…“¬. @•⁄O¤QW @Δ«´⁄ @¡⁄z¤¿©O¤¬V⁄◊⁄ @´⁄fl»⁄fl~V¤W JM•⁄fl
»⁄fl ⁄…Æ⁄}⁄√»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
YʇfiŒ⁄y»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬
@¡⁄y¿´¤À⁄¶M•¤W @´ÊfiO⁄ »⁄´⁄¿»⁄fl‰V⁄V⁄◊⁄fl A‘¤¡⁄ ‘¤V⁄‡ »¤—⁄—⁄§◊⁄•⁄⁄ Oʇ¡⁄}ÊøflM•⁄ »⁄MÀ⁄´¤À⁄OÊQ
J◊⁄V¤V⁄fl~°»Ê. @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ —⁄M¡⁄O⁄–zÊ ⁄»⁄flΩ O⁄}⁄%»⁄¿»⁄ƒ«»Êfi? C O⁄fl¬}⁄fl d ⁄e¤V⁄‰~ »⁄fl‡t—⁄ƒfl @V⁄}⁄¿»¤•⁄
YʇfiŒ⁄y»¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬.
—⁄§◊⁄ Æ⁄¬ ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬
C ≈ÊfiR ⁄•⁄Δ« fi»⁄‚¥ »⁄æ⁄fl´¤t ⁄ ……®⁄ —⁄§◊⁄V⁄◊⁄ …ÀÊfiŒ⁄}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ~⁄ÿ•⁄flOʇMt¡⁄ƒ«»Êfi? fi»⁄‚¥ —⁄M•⁄Ã%“•⁄
æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•¤•⁄¡⁄‡ JM•⁄fl —⁄§◊⁄•⁄ O⁄fl¬}⁄fl —⁄§◊⁄ Æ⁄¬ ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬.
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Æ⁄•⁄∂M®⁄ Æ⁄„~%Vʇÿ“¬
¨fit•⁄ —⁄‡ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl¶M•⁄ Æ⁄•⁄∂M®⁄ Æ⁄„~%Vʇÿ“¬.
Gs⁄¶M•⁄ ∂ƒOÊQ
1. V⁄V⁄ ⁄•⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄fl (5)
4. }⁄M•Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ’fiV⁄‡ ‘Êfi◊⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl (2)
5. @©O¤¡⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ⁄≈¤øfl—⁄fl»⁄»⁄ (4)
7. @e¤k ⁄ ‘ʇfiW ⁄ ⁄≠ D•⁄æ⁄fl»¤øfl}⁄fl (4)
»ÊflfiΔ¨M•⁄ OÊ◊⁄VÊ
2. —⁄∫Êæ⁄flfl B•⁄¡⁄M}Ê ⁄sÊæ⁄fl∑ÊfiO⁄fl. (4)
3. ´¤ ⁄fl JyW•⁄ G≈ÊæÊflfi (4)
4. —⁄»⁄flæ⁄fl ∂M©}⁄ (3)
6. ´¤ ⁄fl ‘⁄z¤|V⁄Δƒ« (2)
8. »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄ P√æÊfl B•¤W•Ê. (3)
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¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄
Blo¡Ê —ÊV⁄{æ⁄·¤•Ê }⁄⁄no•⁄¡Ê O⁄fl¡⁄fl◊¤•Ê
—⁄fllo¡Ê ʇ—⁄ΔVÊ …∫⁄‡~æ⁄·¤•Ê
}⁄lo•Êfi ‘¤P•⁄¡Ê »Êflfiƒfl Vʇ∂π¡⁄»¤•Ê
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄
‘¤≈¤•Ê O⁄¡Ê•⁄¡Ê, »Ê‡—⁄¡¤•Ê ‘Ê}⁄°¡Ê
»Êflfi≈Ê OÊ ÊV⁄sÊ•⁄¡Ê ∑ÊzÊ|æ⁄·¤•Ê
»Êflfi≈¤•⁄ }⁄flÆ⁄∞»⁄‚¥ ´¤´¤•Ê O¤“•⁄¡Ê
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄
‘¤¶ ∏fi¶æ⁄flΔ¡⁄fl»⁄ O⁄—⁄•⁄ ‘⁄flƒ« ⁄fl »Êflfi•⁄fl
∂M•⁄fl »⁄fl ÊVÊ ¤ ⁄fl @»⁄fl‰}⁄…fi»Ê
@•⁄ ⁄flMs⁄fl ⁄ ⁄VÊ¡⁄s⁄ ∂VÊ»⁄ »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ fi ⁄fl
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄
‘¤æÊfl ‘⁄¬Vʇfi≈¤•Ê, ¡¤æ⁄fl ∫Êfi¬VÊæ⁄·¤•Ê
¡¤æ⁄fl¡¤ O¤ΔVÊ »⁄flfl◊ʇŸ}⁄fl° A•Ê
Aæ⁄fl»⁄¬}⁄fl ‘ʇsÊæÊfl »⁄fl®⁄fl¡⁄V¤ ⁄O¤Q•Ê
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄
D◊⁄fl»Ê ´¤ ∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl ⁄fl ‘ʇ¡⁄fl»Ê ´¤ ‘Êfi¡⁄ ⁄fl≠
}⁄flÿ•⁄fl O⁄tuæ⁄fl O¤◊⁄ …MV⁄t—⁄fl»Ê!
O⁄◊⁄ÆÊæ⁄·¤W‘⁄ ʃ»⁄ ⁄V⁄fl»⁄ }ʇfiÆ⁄ ⁄fl »⁄·¤◊Ê∞!
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄
G—È.f. ⁄¡⁄“M‘¤^¤¡È
23
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24
G—È.f. ⁄¡⁄“M‘¤^¤¡È
G—È.f. ⁄¡⁄“M‘¤^¤æ⁄fl%¡⁄fl 1862 —ÊÆ⁄oM∂¡È 11¡⁄M•⁄fl »ÊflÁ—⁄‡¡⁄fl f≈Ê«æ⁄fl
*¡⁄MV⁄Æ⁄loy•⁄Δ« d¨“•⁄¡⁄fl. }⁄M•Ê @◊⁄“MV¤^¤æ⁄fl%¡⁄fl, }¤øfl “fi}⁄»⁄flΩ.
∏.G. Æ⁄•⁄…fi®⁄¡⁄¡¤•⁄ B»⁄¡⁄fl »ÊflÁ—⁄‡¡⁄fl —⁄¡⁄O¤¡⁄•⁄ ÃO⁄–y B≈¤SÊæ⁄flΔ«
ÃO⁄–O⁄¡¤Wæ⁄fl‡ O⁄ ⁄≠s⁄ ∫¤Œ¤M}⁄¡⁄O¤¡⁄¡¤Wæ⁄fl‡ BÆ⁄∞}⁄fl° »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ O¤ƒ —Êfi»Ê
—⁄Δ«“•¤ß¡Ê. Vʇfi… ⁄ ∑¤◊⁄fl, ‘ʇVÊæ⁄flV¤t »⁄flflM}¤•⁄ Æ⁄√“•⁄™ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
¡⁄_“•¤ß¡Ê. B»⁄¡⁄fl 1907 t—ÊM∂¡È 22¡⁄M•⁄fl }⁄»⁄flΩ 45 Êfi »⁄æ⁄fl“” ⁄Δ«
¨®⁄´⁄¡¤•⁄¡⁄fl.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
‘¤t¬
C O⁄…}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ¡¤V⁄»¤W ‘¤t¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
C O⁄…}Êæ⁄flΔ« —ÊV⁄{æ⁄fl DÆ⁄æʇfiV⁄•⁄ ∂VÊX O⁄…æ⁄flfl H ⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•¤ß¡Ê?
‘¤Δ¨M•⁄ }⁄flÆ⁄∞ }⁄æ⁄·¤¡¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl ‘ÊfiVÊ?
•⁄ ⁄, G}⁄fl°V⁄ÿM•⁄ B¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄√æʇfid ⁄V⁄◊Êfi ⁄fl?
—¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ ¨fis⁄≈¤•⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄ÿ¡⁄fl»⁄ —¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄•⁄¿¶M•⁄ A¬“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
•⁄ ⁄»⁄‚¥ O⁄—⁄‘⁄flƒfl«V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ~M•⁄fl ⁄»⁄flVÊ @»⁄fl‰}⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¨fis⁄fl}⁄°•Ê.
∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ D}⁄fl°, ‘ʇ¡Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ‘ʇ}⁄fl° À⁄√»⁄flÆ⁄lflo •⁄fltæ⁄flfl}Ê°fi Ê.
AÀ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬
¨fi´¤¬V¤•Êæʇfi G≈Ê »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ O⁄…}Êæ⁄fl AÀ⁄æ⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄flΩ »⁄·¤}⁄flV⁄◊⁄Δ« ∂¡Êøfl¬.
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25
—⁄‡æ⁄fl%
•⁄´⁄ »⁄fl¡⁄
Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ ¡⁄_“¬
@´¤¶ O¤ƒ¶M•⁄≈Êfi »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl Ƥ√{V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —¤O⁄ƒfl }ʇs⁄W•⁄ß ⁄fl. @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄◊⁄W“ —¤O⁄Œ⁄flo
Æ⁄√æʇfid ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊæ⁄flfl~°•⁄ß ⁄fl GM∂fl•⁄ ⁄fl≠ ~ÿ¶¡⁄ƒ«»Êfi. —¤O⁄flƤ√{V⁄◊⁄ ∂VÊX Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ ¡⁄_“¬.
Ƥ√—⁄Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬
O⁄…}Êæ⁄flΔ« ∂¡⁄fl»⁄ A¶Æ¤√—⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
@ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl nÆ⁄∞{ ∂¡Êøfl¬
C ‘¤t ⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ "O⁄◊⁄ÆÊæ⁄·¤W‘⁄ ʃ»⁄ ⁄V⁄fl»⁄ }ʇfiÆ⁄ ⁄fl »⁄·¤◊Ê∞!' GM∂ —¤Δ ⁄ ∂VÊX »⁄flΩ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠
∂¡Ê•⁄fl »⁄flMt“¬.
Æ⁄•⁄—⁄‡æ⁄fl% ¡⁄_“¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄•⁄•⁄ Æ⁄æ⁄·¤%æ⁄fl Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ DÆ⁄æʇfiW“OʇMs⁄fl Æ⁄•⁄—⁄‡æ⁄fl% ¡⁄_“¬.
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O⁄ΔO¤ —¤®⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl
AΔ“ K¶ ~ÿ•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄O⁄%∂•⁄™»¤W …ÀÊ«fiœ“ —⁄ M}⁄ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »¤_O⁄»¤W »⁄fl}⁄fl°
ΔT}⁄»¤W Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
V⁄•⁄¿-Æ⁄•⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl —⁄∞Œ⁄o}ÊæʇM¶VÊ ¡⁄V⁄%◊⁄»¤W »⁄fl}⁄fl° —⁄fl∞l}ÊæʇM¶VÊ K•⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄
AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∑¤æÊflß¡Êæ⁄·¤W »⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
d ⁄Æ⁄•⁄Wfi}Ê, O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄, ∫¤»⁄ GM∏»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ A—¤ ¶—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl, }¤◊⁄•Ê‡M¶VÊ ∫¤»⁄ ¤}⁄ΩO⁄»¤W
‘¤t »⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. O⁄Mp⁄Ƥp⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄ M}⁄ @ª¡⁄fl_VÊ }⁄O⁄QM}Ê O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}Ê, ¤lO⁄, Æ⁄√»¤—⁄O⁄¢⁄ ⁄ »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ …ª ⁄≠ …∫¤V⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« J◊⁄VʇMs⁄
Æ⁄‚¥—⁄°O⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ K•⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° K¶ ~ÿ•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ……®⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ« Æ⁄√O⁄lÆ⁄t—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄¬_}⁄»¤•⁄ …Œ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄—⁄fl°»¤W¬“OʇMs⁄fl O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}Ê »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ —⁄‰d´¤}⁄ΩO⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
»⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
¨fit•⁄ —⁄M•⁄∫⁄%OÊQ —⁄‡O⁄°»¤•⁄ »⁄¿»⁄‘¤¡⁄ ¡⁄‡Æ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Ms⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
…ª ⁄≠ ¬fi~æ⁄fl »⁄¿»⁄‘¤¡⁄ ¡⁄‡Æ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄M_OÊ, ª~°Æ⁄~√OÊ, ‘⁄—⁄°Æ⁄~√OÊ,
¨æ⁄fl}⁄O¤ΔO⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄‰d´¤}⁄ΩO⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ K¶, @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl OÊs⁄•⁄M}Ê —⁄MP–Æ⁄°»¤W ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
O⁄‰~æ⁄fl O⁄¢¤Æ¤}⁄√V⁄◊⁄fl, —⁄ ≠»ÊfiÀ⁄⁄V⁄◊⁄fl, ∫¤Œ¤ÀÊÁΔ, »⁄flMs⁄ Êæ⁄fl ¬fi~ GM∏}¤¿¶V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄¬V⁄{“ K¶•⁄
O⁄‰~æ⁄fl A—¤ •⁄ ¤ nÆ⁄∞{ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
……®⁄ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Mp⁄Ƥp⁄ »⁄·¤t —⁄‡O⁄°»¤•⁄ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄V⁄◊ʇM¶VÊ ∫¤»⁄Æ⁄„y%»¤W ‘¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄•⁄À⁄fl¶™, »¤O⁄¿À⁄fl¶™, ≈ÊfiR ⁄_‘Ê≠ »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ ∂¡⁄»⁄{VÊVÊ @V⁄}⁄¿»¤•⁄ @MÀ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ʇ≠◊⁄VʇMs⁄fl »⁄·¤t•⁄
¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ »⁄·Ëƒ¿¨y%æ⁄fl »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄¡Ê‡M¶VÊ D}⁄°»⁄flVʇÿ—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Ƥp⁄∫¤V⁄•⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ @¢⁄%»⁄¿}¤¿—⁄…ƒ«•Ê …MV⁄t“ ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° —Êfi¬“ ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄
⁄lfl»⁄nOÊæ⁄flΔ« }ʇs⁄V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄ M}⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ÃŒ⁄o∫¤ŒÊæ⁄flΔ« }⁄Ø∞ƒ«•Ê ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
K¶•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ …ÀÊ«fiœ“ }⁄ ⁄≠ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∫¤Œ⁄y, Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ »⁄fl}⁄fl° ⁄ Ê%V⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄¬_}⁄»¤•⁄ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ ∏M∂O⁄ƒ∞ Ê, »⁄y% Ê GM∏»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° »¤_O⁄»¤W
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
•⁄‰À⁄¿-À¤√»⁄¿ »⁄·¤®⁄¥¿»⁄flV⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄ V⁄ÿ“•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ ⁄≠ ¡⁄ ⁄ Êæ⁄flΔ« ∂◊⁄—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
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⁄»⁄flΩ •ÊfiÀ⁄•⁄Δ« @•ÊŒÊ‡ofi »⁄flM¶ …fi¡⁄¡⁄fl »⁄·¤}⁄‰∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl ¡⁄O⁄–zÊV¤W ‘ʇfi¡¤l »⁄·¤t•¤ß¡Ê.
Ƥ√_fi ⁄ O¤ƒ¶M•⁄≈Êfi ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ dV⁄~° ⁄Δ« ’¬•¤•⁄ —¤§ ⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊ•⁄flOʇMt•Ê.
—¤M—⁄Ì~O⁄ ’¬»Êfl, »⁄fl´Ê‡fi»ÊÁÀ¤ƒ¿, »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿}Êæ⁄flƒ‡« HO⁄}Êæ⁄fl´⁄fl≠ O¤yƒfl BΔ«
—¤®⁄¥¿»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. C IO⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ Dÿ—⁄∑ÊfiO¤•⁄fl•⁄fl ⁄»ÊflΩƒ«¡⁄ O⁄}⁄%»⁄¿»¤W•Ê. "•ÊfiÀ⁄ —Êfi»ÊæÊflfi
CÀ⁄ —Êfi»Ê' GM∂ ∫¤»⁄ Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ }⁄◊ÊÊ•⁄fl »⁄·¤}⁄‰∫⁄‡…flæ⁄fl —Êfi»ÊV¤W ⁄»⁄flΩ ∂•⁄flO⁄ ⁄fl≠
»⁄flfltƤWsʇfiy.
2
JM•¤W ∑¤◊ʇfiy
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28
OÊ_` ⁄ Pt
»Ê‡fi¡Ê‡fiÆ⁄M}È ‘¤V⁄‡ ∫¤Wfi¡⁄£∑¤øfl •⁄MÆ⁄~V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄‚¥~√æ⁄·¤W 1835 ´⁄»ÊM∂¡È19¡⁄M•⁄fl
ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øflæ⁄flfl d¨“•⁄◊⁄fl. _O⁄Q»⁄ÿ•¤ßV⁄ "»⁄fl ⁄‡' GM∂ ‘Ê—⁄¬¨M•⁄ B»⁄◊⁄fl Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ Ø√æ⁄fl◊¤W•⁄ß◊⁄fl.
»⁄fl ⁄‡ ´¤ƒflQ »⁄Œ⁄%•⁄»⁄ÿ•¤ßV⁄ @»⁄◊⁄ }¤øfl »⁄fl¡⁄y‘ʇM¶•⁄¡⁄fl. »Ê‡fi¡Ê‡fiÆ⁄M}⁄¡⁄fl »⁄fl ⁄‡… ⁄ }¤øflæ⁄fl‡
}⁄M•Êæ⁄fl‡ AW @»⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∑Ê◊Ê“•⁄¡⁄fl.
∑¤ƒP »⁄fl ⁄‡…VÊ Æ⁄‚¥¡⁄flŒ⁄¡⁄M}Ê A Ê —⁄»¤¬, O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Ê —⁄»¤¬, O⁄~° »⁄¡⁄—Ê, ∂M•⁄‡P ⁄ V⁄fl¬—¤®⁄ Êæ⁄flΔ«
∂‘⁄◊⁄ A—⁄P°øfl}⁄fl°. »Ê‡¡Ê‡fiÆ⁄M}⁄¡⁄fl }⁄»⁄flΩ Ø√fi~æ⁄fl »⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ÃO⁄–yOÊQ ∑ÊfiO¤•⁄ —⁄O⁄ƒ HƤ%s⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄·¤t•⁄¡⁄fl.
A•⁄fl•⁄¬M•⁄ ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øflæ⁄flfl V⁄Ms⁄—⁄¡⁄ ⁄‡≠ …flfi¬—⁄fl»⁄M}Ê —⁄O⁄ƒ …•Ê¿V⁄◊⁄ƒ‡« Ƥ¡⁄MV⁄}⁄◊¤•⁄◊⁄fl.
JM•⁄fl ∑¤¬ »⁄fl ⁄‡ »⁄fl¡¤p¤ ¡¤d¿•⁄ ÆÊfiÀÊ æ⁄·¤•⁄ ∑¤ffi¡¤æ⁄fl ⁄ •⁄}⁄fl°Æ⁄‚¥}⁄√ ´¤´¤—¤‘Êfi∑È »⁄fl}⁄fl°
}⁄»⁄flΩ´¤•⁄ ¡¤»È—¤‘Êfi∂¡Ê‡M¶VÊ O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Ê —⁄»¤¬ »⁄·¤s⁄fl~°•⁄ß◊⁄fl. @»⁄¡⁄Δ« —⁄∞®Ê%æ⁄flflMm¤øfl}⁄fl. B∂π¡⁄fl
æ⁄flfl»⁄O⁄¡⁄‡ »ÊfiV⁄»¤W O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ •Ës¤øfl—⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl. A•⁄¡ÊÊ Æ⁄‚¥lo »⁄fl ⁄‡ B ⁄≠⁄Œ⁄flo »ÊfiV⁄¶M•⁄ }⁄ ⁄≠ O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠
Kt“ @»⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ ’M•Ê‘¤P•⁄◊⁄fl. @»⁄¡⁄fl ∏s⁄fl»⁄¡Êfi? C Æ⁄‚¥m¤{æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ —ʇfiΔ—⁄ƒfl J∂π B ⁄≠Œ⁄flo »ÊfiV⁄ ‘Ê_`“•⁄ ⁄fl.
A•⁄¡Ê ’M•Ê Dÿ•⁄ »⁄fl}ʇ°∂π O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Ê »⁄flflV⁄X¬“ OÊ◊⁄VÊ ∏•Êßfi∏lo. ""@æʇ¿fi ¤ ⁄fl —⁄}Ê°'' GM∂ •⁄ OÊfiÿ ∑¤ƒP
O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ’M•⁄OÊQ ~¡⁄flW“•⁄◊⁄fl. @»⁄◊⁄fl »⁄fl}ʇ°∂π æ⁄flfl»⁄O⁄ ⁄ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl¶M•⁄ ∏•⁄flß V¤æ⁄flVʇMs⁄ æ⁄flfl»⁄O⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠
G~° }⁄´⁄≠ O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Êæ⁄fl »Êflfi≈Ê O⁄flÿŸ¬“OʇMs⁄fl @¡⁄»⁄fl´ÊVÊ ’M~¡⁄flW•⁄◊⁄fl. @¡⁄»⁄fl´Êæ⁄flΔ« »Ê‡fi¡Ê‡fiÆ⁄M}⁄
»⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠•ÊßfiÓ ""»⁄fl ⁄‡, GŒ⁄flo @´¤¿æ⁄fl»¤øfl}⁄»⁄flΩ! ¤´¤ }⁄flM∑¤ V¤æ⁄flVʇMt•¤ß Ê'' GM•⁄ ⁄fl.
""H¨ƒ«Æ⁄∞, —⁄ ƒ∞ V¤æ⁄fl @ŒÊofi. ’M•Ê @ª»⁄fl ⁄fl¿ B•⁄O⁄‡Q ‘Ê ⁄fl` V¤æ⁄flVʇMs⁄fl ‘ʇfi¡¤s⁄Δƒ«»Êfi?''
""A O¤ƒ»Êfi ∑Êfi¡Ê »⁄fl ⁄‡''
""HOÊ ∑Êfi¡Ê @Ƥ∞f? @•Êfi AO¤À⁄…•Ê. @•Êfi ∫⁄‡…fl B•Ê. —⁄‡æ⁄fl% ⁄M•⁄√¡⁄‡ @ŒÊofi'' GM•⁄fl »⁄flV⁄◊⁄fl
D}⁄°¬“•⁄◊⁄fl.
»⁄fl ⁄‡ ∑Ê◊Ê•⁄fl •Ê‡s⁄u»⁄◊¤•⁄◊⁄fl. ¡⁄h·¤ ” ¡¤d¿•⁄ ¡¤d V⁄MV¤®⁄¡⁄¡¤æ⁄fl ⁄ ®⁄»⁄fl%Æ⁄~≠æ⁄·¤W »⁄fl ⁄‡
ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øfl G¨“OʇMs⁄◊⁄fl. G≈¤« …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ƒ‡« ⁄}⁄fl¡Êæ⁄·¤W•⁄ß ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øflæ⁄flfl }⁄ ⁄≠ Æ⁄~æʇM¶VÊ
¡¤dO¤æ⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄Δ« V⁄»⁄fl ⁄…¬“•⁄◊⁄fl. Æ⁄√eÊV⁄◊⁄ OÊ–fi»⁄flOÊQ ∑ÊfiO¤•⁄ G≈¤« »⁄¿»⁄—ʧV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄Ms⁄ VÊ O¤≈¤ ⁄flO¤ƒOÊQ
~ÿ“ »⁄·¤t—⁄fl~°•⁄ß◊⁄fl. Æ⁄¬z¤»⁄fl»¤W ¡¤d¿•⁄Δ« À¤M~ ´Ê≈Ê“ d´⁄¡⁄fl ´Ê»⁄flΩ¶øflM•⁄ ∑¤◊⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl.
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ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øflæ⁄flfl G≈¤« ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ« V⁄MV¤®⁄¡⁄¡¤æ⁄fl¨VÊ }⁄O⁄Q Æ⁄~≠æ⁄·¤W•⁄ß◊⁄fl.
A•⁄¡Ê •⁄fl¡⁄M}⁄V⁄◊⁄fl JM•⁄¡⁄ ’M•Ê JM•⁄¡⁄M}Ê ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øflæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ∑Ê ⁄≠no ∂M•⁄»⁄‚¥. ƒP–=Ωfi∑¤øflæ⁄flfl
V⁄Ms⁄fl »⁄flV⁄fl»Ê„M•⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘Ê}⁄°◊⁄fl. •⁄fl•Ê%Á»⁄»⁄À¤}È ‘⁄flno•⁄ »⁄fl‡¡Êfi ~MV⁄◊⁄Δ« A »⁄flV⁄fl »⁄fl¡⁄y‘ʇM¶}⁄fl.
—⁄~Æ⁄~V⁄ÿ∂π¡⁄‡ @~fi»⁄ •⁄flNT}⁄¡¤•⁄¡⁄fl. —⁄ ƒ∞ ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ∂ÿO⁄ V⁄MV¤®⁄¡⁄¡¤æ⁄fl ⁄‡ »⁄fl¡⁄y‘ʇM¶•⁄ ⁄fl. »⁄fl¡⁄y
À⁄æÊfl¿æ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»¤V⁄ A}⁄ ⁄fl }⁄ ⁄≠ —⁄M∂M©O⁄¡Ê‡∂π¡⁄ »⁄flV⁄ ¤•⁄ •¤»Ê‡fi•⁄¡⁄¡¤æ⁄fl ÊM∂ _O⁄Q ∑¤ƒO⁄ ʇ∂π ⁄ ⁄fl≠
•⁄}⁄fl° }ÊVÊ•⁄flOʇMt•⁄ß ⁄fl.
∏√nŒÈ •Ê‡¡Ê s¤≈È‘Ë“æ⁄flfl ¡¤d¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄∂ÿ—⁄ƒfl A≈ʇfi_—⁄fl}¤° B•⁄ß ⁄fl. V⁄MV¤®⁄¡⁄¡¤æ⁄fl ⁄fl
»⁄fl¡⁄y‘ʇM¶•⁄fl•⁄fl @»⁄ VÊ —⁄MÆ⁄•⁄º¬}⁄»¤•⁄ ¡⁄h·¤ ”æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ O⁄∂ÿ—⁄ƒfl —⁄‘⁄O¤¬æ⁄·¤øfl}⁄fl. "•⁄}⁄fl° “ fiO¤¡⁄•⁄
‘⁄O⁄Q ⁄fl≠ O⁄MÆÊ æ⁄flfl JÆ⁄‚ ∞»⁄‚¥¶ƒ«. ¡⁄h·¤ ”æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ BMW«ŒÈ ¡¤d¿•⁄Δ« …Δfi ⁄Vʇÿ—⁄ƒfl ®⁄%¬—⁄≈¤W•Ê'-GM•⁄fl
s¤≈È‘Ë“æ⁄flfl ¡⁄h·¤ ”¡¤{VÊ A•ÊfiÀ⁄ O⁄◊⁄fl’“•⁄ ⁄fl.
¡¤{VÊ B•⁄ ⁄fl≠ ⁄M∂≈¤V⁄Δƒ«. O⁄–y ‘ʇ}⁄fl° ¶V¤ºÒM}⁄VʇMs⁄ ¡¤{æ⁄flfl, ""Bƒ«, —¤®⁄¥¿…ƒ«. ´¤ ⁄fl
¡⁄h·¤ ”æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ∏lfloOʇs⁄≈¤¡Ê'' GM•⁄fl D•⁄X¬“•⁄◊⁄fl. J»ÊflΩ≈Êfi —ÊmÊ•⁄fl ¨ƒfl«»⁄‚¥•⁄fl @Œ⁄flo —⁄flƒ∫⁄»⁄ƒ«»ÊM•⁄fl
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¡¤{ ~ÿ¶•⁄ß◊⁄fl. A}⁄fl¡⁄¶M•⁄ @Ƥæ⁄fl RMt}⁄»ÊM•⁄fl @»⁄ÿVÊ ~ÿ¶}⁄fl°. "—Êfi Ê —⁄dflgVʇÿ—⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl°
æ⁄flfl•⁄™ O¤ƒ•⁄Δ« ƒ‡n •⁄¡Ê‡fisÊV⁄ÿVÊ @»⁄O¤À⁄…ƒ«•⁄M}Ê Ê‡fis⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl' GM•⁄fl æʇfi_“•⁄◊⁄fl. ¤´¤—¤‘Êfi∑È,
}¤}¤¿mʇfiØ, ¡⁄Y⁄fl´¤¢⁄“M‘⁄ »⁄flflM}¤•⁄ —¤ }⁄M}⁄√=¿Ø√æ⁄fl¡⁄fl ¡¤{VÊ ∑ÊM∂ƒ»¤W•⁄ß¡⁄fl.
»⁄fl‘¤¡¤{ æ⁄flfl•⁄™…•Ê¿æ⁄fl @∫¤¿—⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄flflM•⁄fl»⁄¬“•⁄◊⁄fl. ¡⁄‘⁄—⁄¿»¤W Gƒ«¡⁄ ⁄‡≠ —⁄M©“ —ÊÁ ⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠
—⁄dflgVʇÿ—⁄fl}⁄°≈Êfi B•⁄ß◊⁄fl. ‘ʇ—⁄ À⁄—⁄°V⁄◊⁄fl “•⁄™»¤V⁄}ʇs⁄W•⁄fl»⁄‚¥. ¡¤{ ‘¤V⁄‡ —⁄MV⁄tV⁄¡⁄fl —ÊÁ´⁄¿»⁄´⁄fl≠
∂ƒÆ⁄t—⁄fl}⁄°≈Êfi ∂M•⁄¡⁄fl. ‘ʇfi¡¤lOÊQ Gƒ«¡⁄‡ “•⁄™¡¤•⁄¡⁄fl.
æ⁄flfl•⁄™ A¡⁄M∫⁄»¤øfl}⁄fl. BMW«Œ⁄¡⁄ —ÊÁ ⁄¿ ¡⁄h·¤ ” ⁄V⁄¡⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄√»ÊfiÓ}⁄fl. ¡¤{æÊflfi —⁄ æ⁄flM À⁄—⁄°®⁄¬“•⁄◊⁄fl.
1858 »⁄·¤^È% 23¬M•⁄ A¡⁄M∫⁄»¤•⁄ æ⁄flfl•⁄™»⁄‚¥ 10-12 ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄»⁄¡ÊVÊ —ʇfiƒflVʃfl»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl-∑Ê◊⁄P ⁄Δ«
»⁄flflM•⁄fl»⁄¬øfl}⁄fl. ¡¤{æ⁄flfl Æ⁄‚¥¡⁄flŒ⁄»ÊfiŒ⁄ ®⁄¬“ ¡⁄y ⁄Mtæ⁄flM}Ê —Êy“•⁄◊⁄fl. @»⁄◊⁄ OÊ_` ⁄ O¤•¤l»⁄‚¥ ∏√nŒÈ
—Êfi´¤©Æ⁄~ ‘⁄‡¿¡Ê‡fi—⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄‡s⁄ ∑Ê¡⁄V⁄flVʇÿ“}⁄fl. A•⁄¡Ê ∏√nŒ⁄¡⁄ ∂‰‘⁄}È —ÊÁ ⁄¿•⁄ »⁄flflM•Ê @»⁄ÿVÊ ‘Ê ⁄fl`
‘ʇ}⁄fl° ‘ʇfi¡¤s⁄≈¤V⁄Δƒ«. @Δ«M•⁄ ‘ʇ¡⁄l ¡¤{æ⁄flfl O¤ƒØVÊ }⁄ƒflØ•⁄◊⁄fl. @Δ« ¡¤»È—¤‘Êfi∑È, }¤}¤¿mʇfiØ
»⁄fl}⁄fl° ∑¤M•¤ ⁄»¤∂¡⁄fl —⁄»⁄·¤≈ʇfi ⁄ Ê ⁄sÊ“ V¤ Δæ⁄fl¡È OʇfimÊæ⁄flΔ« —Êfi¡⁄ƒfl ~fi»⁄·¤%¨“•⁄¡⁄fl. @M}ÊæÊflfi
Gƒ«¡⁄‡ }⁄»⁄flΩ —ÊÁ ⁄¿V⁄◊ʇM¶VÊ V¤ Δæ⁄fl¡È }⁄ƒflØ•⁄¡⁄fl.
æ⁄flfl•⁄™ eʇfi¡¤W ⁄sÊæ⁄flfl~°}⁄fl°. ¡⁄O⁄°•⁄ KO⁄flÿ ‘⁄¬æ⁄flfl~°}⁄fl°. O⁄}⁄°≈¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄OÊQ —⁄ ƒ∞ —⁄»⁄flæ⁄fl ∑¤Pøfl}⁄fl°.
⁄‡¡¤¡⁄fl —ÊÁ¨O⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡¤{ CV¤V⁄≈Êfi —⁄M‘⁄¬“•⁄ß⁄◊⁄fl. @}⁄¿M}⁄ —⁄…flfiÆ⁄OÊQ ∂M•⁄ ∏√nŒÈ —ÊÁ¨O⁄ ʇ∂π ¡¤{æ⁄fl
G•ÊVÊ V⁄fl¬øfllflo ⁄‡¬æ⁄fl Ê≠—Ê•⁄ ⁄fl. ¡¤{æ⁄fl ∑ÊMV¤»⁄≈¤W•⁄ß V⁄fl≈È»⁄fl‘⁄»⁄flΩ•È, ¡¤»⁄fl ⁄M•⁄√ ¡¤»È, ¡⁄Y⁄fl´¤¢⁄
“M‘⁄ »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄»⁄¡⁄fl —Êfi¬ V¤æ⁄flVʇMs⁄fl }⁄}⁄°¬—⁄fl~°•⁄ß ¡¤{æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Êæ⁄fl »Êflfi≈Ê O⁄‡¬“, ∑¤∑¤ V⁄MV¤•¤—⁄¡⁄
O⁄flnfi¡⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ƒflØ•⁄¡⁄fl. A B¡⁄flÿ ⁄Δ« ∑¤∑¤ V⁄MV¤•¤—È ¡¤{æ⁄fl ¡⁄O⁄°»⁄flæ⁄fl •Êfi‘⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“•⁄¡⁄fl.
}⁄{|fi¬ ⁄Δ« AOÊæ⁄fl »⁄flflR }ʇ◊Ê•⁄¡⁄fl. —⁄ ƒ∞ ¨fi¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄flt“•⁄¡⁄fl. J»ÊflΩ O⁄zÊ°¡Ê•⁄ ¡¤{ @—⁄∞Œ⁄o»¤W •Êfi»⁄¡⁄
´¤»⁄fl D ⁄¬—⁄fl}¤° O⁄yfl|»⁄flfl_`•⁄◊⁄fl.
@Δ« ¨M~•⁄ß V⁄fl≈È»⁄fl‘⁄»⁄flΩ•È, ¡⁄Y⁄fl´¤¢⁄ “M‘⁄, •¤»Ê‡fi•⁄¡⁄ ¡¤»È »⁄flflM}¤•⁄»⁄¡⁄fl ∏PQ∏PQ @}⁄°¡⁄fl.
AV⁄ ∑¤∑¤ V⁄MV¤•¤—È V⁄Mªfi¡⁄»¤{øflM•⁄ ""Æ⁄√O¤À⁄OÊQ Oʇ Êøflƒ«. @•⁄fl Æ⁄√~ O⁄y•⁄ƒ‡« @s⁄W¡⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. O¤ƒ
∂M•¤V⁄ @•⁄fl »⁄fl}Ê° Æ⁄√d Δ—⁄fl}⁄°•Ê''GM∂fl•¤W @»⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄M}ÊÁ“•⁄¡⁄fl.
OÊfi»⁄ƒ 22 »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ ffi»⁄ ¤»⁄©æ⁄flΔ« }⁄ ⁄≠ ¤tV¤W OÊ_` M•⁄ O¤•¤t, O¤V⁄%}⁄°Δ ⁄Δ« O⁄yfl| Oʇfi¡ÊÁ—⁄fl»⁄
…flM_ ⁄M}Ê ∑Ê◊⁄W ¡⁄h·¤ ”¡¤{ O⁄yΩ¡Êæ⁄·¤•⁄◊⁄fl. AOÊæ⁄fl ÀËæ⁄fl%, —¤‘⁄—⁄, @ ⁄ƒ •ÊfiÀ⁄ÆÊ√fi»⁄fl —⁄•¤O¤ƒ
@…—⁄Ω¡⁄{fiæ⁄fl ‘¤V⁄‡ @ ⁄flO⁄¡⁄{fiæ⁄fl.
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^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
^⁄_%“¬
""Æ⁄√O¤À⁄OÊQ Oʇ Êøflƒ«. @•⁄fl Æ⁄√~ O⁄y•⁄ƒ‡« @s⁄W¡⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. O¤ƒ ∂M•¤V⁄ @•⁄fl »⁄fl}Ê° Æ⁄√d Δ—⁄fl}⁄°•Ê'Ê'
∑¤∑¤ V⁄MV¤•¤—⁄¡⁄ C »⁄·¤~ ⁄ ∂VÊX ⁄_%“¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
¡⁄h·¤ ” ¡¤{æ⁄fl ∑¤ƒ¿•⁄ ‘Ê—⁄¡⁄fl H´¤W}⁄fl°?
¡⁄h·¤ ” ¡¤{æ⁄flfl æ⁄·¤»⁄ æ⁄·¤»⁄ æ⁄flfl•⁄™ …•Ê¿V⁄◊⁄Δ« Ƥ¡⁄MV⁄}⁄◊¤W•⁄ß◊⁄fl?
´¤´¤ —¤‘Êfi∑È »⁄fl}⁄fl° »⁄fl ⁄‡… ⁄ O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Ê —⁄»¤¬æ⁄fl Y⁄l Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
—⁄M•⁄∫⁄% ~ÿ“¬
""»⁄fl ⁄‡, GŒ⁄flo @´¤¿æ⁄fl»¤øfl}⁄»⁄flΩ! ¤´¤ }⁄flM∑¤ V¤æ⁄flVʇMt•¤ß Ê''
""Bƒ« —¤®⁄¥¿…ƒ«. ´¤ ⁄fl ¡⁄h·¤ ”æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ∏lfloOʇs⁄≈¤¡Ê ''
E’“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
•⁄}⁄fl° “ fiO¤¡⁄•⁄ ‘⁄O⁄Q ⁄fl≠ ∏√nŒ⁄¡⁄fl JÆ⁄‚ ∞~°•⁄ß¡Ê H´¤V⁄fl~°}⁄fl°?
YʇfiŒ⁄zÊ ∂¡Êøfl¬
•ÊfiÀ⁄ÆÊ√fi»⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —¤¡⁄fl»⁄ YʇfiŒ⁄zÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Ê•⁄fl }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« »⁄flMt“¬.
»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬
»⁄·¤•⁄¬æ⁄flM}Ê @tVÊ¡Ê G◊Ê•⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄æ⁄·¤%æ⁄fl Æ⁄•⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠Æ⁄æʇfiW“ —⁄ M}⁄»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬.
»⁄·¤•⁄¬ : }¤øflæ⁄fl »⁄fl»⁄fl}ÊVÊ ∑Ê≈Ê O⁄loƒfl —¤®⁄¥¿…ƒ«.
@´¤¢⁄ »⁄flO⁄Q◊⁄fl ‘Ê}⁄°»⁄¡⁄ Ø√fi~øflM•⁄ »⁄M_}⁄¡¤V⁄fl}¤°¡Ê.
»⁄fl¡⁄y»⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄Ø∞—⁄ƒfl æ⁄·¤¬M•⁄ƒ‡ —¤®⁄¥¿…ƒ«.
⁄»⁄flΩ »⁄flflR»⁄‚¥ ⁄—⁄fl ⁄VÊøflM•⁄ O⁄‡tOʇMt¡⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl.
À⁄√»⁄fl Æ⁄s⁄fl»⁄»⁄ VÊ Vʃfl»⁄‚¥ RMt}⁄.
æ⁄flfl•⁄™»⁄‚¥ @ ÊfiO⁄ ¤À⁄ ⁄Œ⁄oV⁄ÿVÊ O¤¡⁄y»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê.
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»⁄¿P° Æ⁄¬ ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬
…fi¡⁄ »⁄ }Ê ¡⁄h·¤ ”¡¤{æ⁄fl ‘ʇfi¡¤l•⁄ O⁄}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ K¶¶¡⁄ƒ«»Êfi. B•Êfi ¬fi~ ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl »⁄fl‘⁄ fiæ⁄fl¡⁄‡
—¤ }⁄M}⁄√=¿O¤QW ‘ʇfi¡¤t•¤ß¡Ê. @»⁄¡⁄Δ« —⁄fl∫¤—È ⁄M•⁄√ ∑ʇfi—È O⁄‡s⁄ J∂π¡⁄fl. @»⁄¡⁄ O⁄fl¬}¤•⁄
»⁄·¤’~æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Oʇs⁄≈¤W•Ê. B•⁄¡⁄ A®¤¡⁄•⁄Δ« @»⁄¡⁄ »⁄¿P° Æ⁄¬ ⁄æ⁄fl }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“ »⁄flMt“¬.
‘Ê—⁄¡⁄fl : —⁄fl∫¤—È ⁄M•⁄√ ∑ʇfi—È
d ⁄ ⁄ : 23.1.1897
—⁄§◊ : J¬—¤”•⁄ O⁄lOÈ
}⁄M•Ê : e¤ ⁄Pfi´¤¢⁄ ∑ʇfi—È
}¤øfl : Æ⁄√∫¤»⁄~
…•¤¿∫¤¿—⁄ : }⁄}⁄ À¤—⁄° …∫¤V⁄•⁄Δ« ∏.G
—¤®⁄ Ê : I.“.G—È. Æ⁄¬fiOÊ–æ⁄flΔ« ´¤ƒQ Êfi —¤§ ⁄,∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl ¡¤œoÒfiæ⁄fl —Êfi Ê O⁄no•⁄flß,
Ae¤•È ’M•È ±ËeÈ ⁄ Êfi}¤¡⁄,BMtæ⁄fl´È ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄≈È O¤MVÊ√—È ⁄ @®⁄¥¿O⁄–¡¤W
G¡⁄s⁄fl ∑¤¬ Êfi»⁄flO⁄.
ÆÊ√fi¡⁄zÊ : —¤ …fl …»ÊfiO¤ ⁄M•⁄¡⁄fl
‘ʇfi¡¤l•⁄ …®⁄ : O¤√M~ Æ⁄¢⁄
»⁄fl¡⁄y : 18.8.1945
…MV⁄t“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ …MV⁄t“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
Æ⁄√»⁄flflR◊Ê “•⁄, »⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠•ÊßfiÓ, AO¤À⁄…•Ê, »¤¿Æ¤¡⁄OÊQM•⁄fl, ∑¤ƒO⁄ ʇ∂π ⁄fl, ∑ÊfiOÊM•⁄fl,
O⁄yΩ¡Êæ⁄·¤•⁄◊⁄fl, O⁄}⁄°≈¤øfl}⁄fl, —ÊÁ¨O⁄ ʇ∂π ⁄fl.
»¤O⁄¿ ∂•⁄≈¤øfl“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
»⁄·¤•⁄¬æ⁄flM}Ê »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂•⁄≈¤øfl“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
»⁄·¤•⁄¬: »⁄fl ⁄‡ O⁄~°»⁄¡⁄—Ê O⁄Δ}⁄◊⁄fl.
»⁄fl ⁄‡ O⁄~°»⁄¡⁄—Ê O⁄Δæ⁄flfl}¤°◊Ê.
»⁄fl ⁄‡ O⁄~°»⁄¡⁄—Ê O⁄Δæ⁄flfl»⁄◊⁄fl.
W¬fiÀ⁄ ⁄fl ‘⁄‡•Ê‡filOÊQ ‘ʇfi•⁄ ⁄fl.
eʇfi—Ê±È »ÊflfiY¤ƒæ⁄fl¶M•⁄ ∂M•⁄ ⁄fl
±¤~»⁄fl As⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄·¤¬•⁄◊⁄fl.
¡ÊÁƒfl }⁄s⁄»¤W ∂M}⁄fl.
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Æ⁄•⁄…‘¤¡⁄
Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ @O⁄–¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl¶M•⁄ @¢⁄%Æ⁄„y% Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬. »⁄‰}⁄°•Ê‡◊⁄⁄W ⁄ @O⁄–¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
@ ⁄flO⁄√»⁄fl»¤W eʇfit“•¤V⁄ “V⁄fl»⁄ …ÀÊfiŒ⁄ Æ⁄•⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Ms⁄fl’tøfl¬.
… ∫¤¿ —⁄ •¤¿
Ê Æ⁄ Ƥ ƒ ¬
»⁄·¤ —⁄ ^⁄ ≈ʇfi Ê
}⁄ •⁄º Æ⁄ ¬ —⁄M
¡¤ ¡⁄M ⁄ Æ⁄‚¥ ∫⁄
O⁄ ⁄ ¢⁄ ⁄ O⁄ »⁄
¡⁄M ◊¤ V⁄ V⁄fl Ƥ }⁄
—⁄Ω @ ¡⁄ æ⁄fl … {fi
—⁄MV⁄√’“¬
}⁄»⁄flΩ ´¤t ⁄ ¡⁄O⁄–zÊV¤W ‘ʇfi¡¤t•⁄ …fi¡⁄»⁄ }Êæ⁄fl¡⁄ O⁄}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄MV⁄√’“ —⁄M_OÊ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
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I•⁄fl ∑Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl O⁄‡t
I•⁄fl ∑Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl O⁄‡t JM•⁄fl »⁄flflœoæ⁄flfl
‘⁄ƒ»⁄‚¥ »⁄flM¶ —Êfi¬ C —⁄»⁄flœoæ⁄flfl
∑Êfi¡Ê ∑Êfi¡Ê JO⁄Qƒfl
JM•Ê }¤æ⁄fl »⁄flO⁄Q◊⁄fl
O⁄‡t ‘¤t•¤V⁄ Vʃfl»⁄‚¥ Wfi}ÊVÊ-∫⁄¡⁄}⁄ »⁄·¤}ÊVÊ
»Ê‡◊⁄V⁄Δ »Ê‡◊⁄V⁄Δ ¤s⁄Wfi}⁄»⁄‚¥
»⁄fl‡s⁄Δ »⁄fl‡s⁄Δ —⁄flÆ⁄√∫¤}⁄»⁄‚¥
’»⁄·¤ƒæ⁄fl•⁄ Ê~°æ⁄flΔ« O¤ÃΩfi¡⁄•⁄ ª~°æ⁄flΔ«
@—¤”…fl ⁄ O¤t ⁄Δ« I•⁄fl ⁄¶æ⁄fl ´¤t ⁄Δ«
‘ʇ~° D¬»⁄ ∑ÊMP A¬ }⁄y|V¤V⁄Δ
∂Md¡⁄Δ« ∑Ê◊Ê•⁄fl ‘⁄ ⁄ ‘⁄“¡⁄fl }⁄‡V⁄Δ
V⁄MVÊ-}⁄MW O¤»Êfi¬æ⁄fl }⁄∏πOʇ◊⁄ŸΔ
ƒs¤O⁄ Êfi±⁄ V⁄tV⁄◊⁄Δ« »⁄flM}¤√ƒæ⁄fl V⁄fltV⁄◊⁄Δ«
∫⁄}⁄° Vʇfi© ∑Ê◊Êæ⁄flfl»⁄Δ« Ø√fi~æ⁄flfl »ÊflÁ}⁄◊Êæ⁄flfl»⁄Δ«
•⁄flt•⁄ ’M•⁄fl »⁄flfl—⁄≈¤Ω ⁄¡Ê‡M•⁄flV⁄‡s⁄Δ
A¡⁄¶¡⁄Δ Ø√fi~ ¶fiÆ⁄ O⁄y|V⁄‡s⁄Δ.
G•Êæ⁄fl Oʇ◊Ê⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ @À⁄fl√®¤¡Ê }ʇ◊Êæ⁄flΔ.
G^È.G—È.»ÊMO⁄mÊfiÀ⁄»⁄fl‡~%
34
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G^È.G—È. »ÊMO⁄mÊfiÀ⁄»⁄fl‡~%
G^È.G—È. »ÊMO⁄mÊfiÀ⁄»⁄fl‡~%æ⁄fl»⁄¡⁄fl û⁄»Ê‡V⁄X f≈Ê«æ⁄fl ‘ʇfi…VÊ¡Êæ⁄flΔ«
1944¡⁄Δ« d¨“•⁄¡⁄fl.B»⁄¡⁄fl GM.G.Æ⁄•⁄… V⁄ÿ“•⁄ »Êflfi≈Ê ∑ÊMV⁄◊⁄‡¬ ⁄ —ÊÁMmÈ
eʇfi—Ê±È O¤≈Êfif ⁄Δ« Ƥ√®¤¿Æ⁄O⁄¡¤W —Êfi»Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ A¡⁄Mª“•⁄¡⁄fl. ‘⁄PQ—¤ƒfl,
Æ⁄~»⁄√}Ê, ∑¤Wƒfl ∂tæ⁄flfl»⁄ d´⁄, Jy»⁄fl¡⁄•⁄ WÿV⁄◊⁄fl B»⁄¡⁄ O⁄»⁄´⁄
—⁄MO⁄ƒ ⁄V⁄◊¤W»Ê.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
‘¤t¬
O⁄…}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄, ∫¤»⁄•Ê‡M¶VÊ ‘¤t¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄·¤}ÊVÊ Vʃfl»⁄‚¥ DMm¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl æ⁄·¤»¤V⁄?
"‘ʇ~° D¬»⁄ ∑ÊMP A¬ }⁄y|V¤V⁄Δ' C »⁄·¤}⁄fl H ⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄‡_—⁄fl}⁄°•Ê?
AÀ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬
O⁄…}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ K¶ A—¤ ¶“¶¡⁄ƒ«»Êfi. C O⁄…}Êæ⁄fl AÀ⁄æ⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
Ƥ√—⁄Æ⁄•⁄ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“¬
O⁄…}Êæ⁄flΔ« ∂M¶¡⁄fl»⁄ Ƥ√—⁄Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
V⁄flMÆ⁄‚¥ »⁄·¤t¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ }⁄SÊ°øflM•⁄ ∑Êfi¡Ê ∑Êfi¡Ê ¤»⁄flÆ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄‡≠ @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄æ⁄·¤%æ⁄fl Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄‡≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“
V⁄flMÆ⁄‚¥»⁄·¤t¬.
Æ⁄MO⁄d, @À⁄ , A Ê, @M∂fld, dƒd, ‘⁄æ⁄fl, »¤f, V⁄d, }¤»⁄¡Ê, O⁄¬,
⁄ÿ¨, AO⁄◊⁄fl, ‘⁄—⁄fl, —⁄¡Ê‡fid, O⁄fl•⁄fl¡Ê, —⁄ƒV⁄, }⁄fl¡⁄V⁄, ¨fi¡⁄d, —⁄¡⁄“d
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‘ʇfiΔOÊæ⁄fl nÆ⁄∞{ ∂¡Êøfl¬
" ⁄»⁄flΩ•ÊfiÀ⁄' O⁄…}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ "I•⁄fl ∑Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl O⁄‡t' O⁄…}ÊæʇM¶VÊ ‘ʇfiΔ“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
⁄»⁄flΩ •ÊfiÀ⁄
⁄»⁄flΩ •ÊfiÀ⁄ ∫¤¡⁄}⁄ Æ⁄‚¥y¿∫⁄‡…fl ∫¤¡⁄}⁄
V⁄y¿ Æ⁄‚¥¡⁄flŒ⁄¬M•⁄ »Êfl¡Ê»⁄ •Êfi»⁄∫⁄‡…fl ∫¤¡⁄}⁄
V⁄MVÊ, }⁄flMVÊ ⁄¶V⁄◊⁄fl BΔ« ‘⁄¬æ⁄flfl~¡⁄fl»⁄»⁄‚¥
V¤M©, ~ƒO⁄, VʇfiR≈Ê BΔ« ∑¤ÿ ∑Ê◊Ê•⁄¡⁄fl
’M•⁄fl, P√—⁄°, ±¤¡⁄“, eÊÁ ⁄, »⁄flfl—⁄≈¤Ω ⁄¡⁄fl
JM•⁄flV⁄‡t ∑¤ÿ•⁄M¢⁄⁄ Æ⁄‚¥y¿ ∫⁄‡…fl ⁄»⁄flΩ•⁄fl
e¤~∫Êfi•⁄ »⁄fl¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄ ¨fi~ JM•Êfi G ⁄fl≠»⁄
Ø√fi~øflM•⁄ »⁄fl ⁄fldO⁄flƒ¶ S¤¿~æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ ‘ʇM•⁄fl»⁄
»⁄·¤}Ê —Êfi»ÊV¤WæÊflfi ¡¤~√ ‘⁄V⁄ƒfl •⁄fltæ⁄flfl»⁄
Wfi}Ê —¤¬•⁄M¢⁄⁄ }⁄}⁄ »⁄·¤~ ⁄M}Ê ⁄sÊæ⁄flfl»⁄
»⁄flflM•⁄fl»⁄¬“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ Æ⁄•⁄¿•⁄ —¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄flflM•⁄fl»⁄¬“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
•ÊfiÀ⁄•⁄ VË¡⁄»⁄ Dÿ—ʇfiy
•ÊfiÀ⁄—Êfi»ÊVÊ }ʇs⁄Vʇfiy
...................................
...................................
—⁄MV⁄√’“¬
•ÊfiÀ⁄∫⁄P° Wfi}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄MV⁄√’“ }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« ‘¤t¬.
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—⁄»⁄fl∑¤◊⁄fl
∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ …ª ⁄≠ ∫¤ŒÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠, …ª ⁄≠ A‘¤¡⁄, …^¤¡⁄, e¤~, »⁄fl}⁄, ®⁄»⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄ ʇ≠◊⁄VʇMs⁄ •ÊfiÀ⁄.
—Ë‘¤•⁄%}Ê, —⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄}Ê, —⁄’Œ⁄fl|}Ê B»⁄‚¥ ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl —⁄M—⁄Ì~æ⁄fl »⁄fl‡ƒ}⁄}⁄ V⁄◊⁄fl. "Æ⁄¡⁄—⁄∞¡⁄ Ø√fi~, —Ë‘¤•⁄%¶M•⁄⁄
»⁄·¤}⁄√ ffi»⁄ ⁄•⁄Δ« —⁄flR »⁄fl}⁄fl° —⁄M}ʇfiŒ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊæ⁄flƒfl —¤®⁄¥¿' GM∂fl•⁄fl ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl¡⁄ @ ⁄ƒ»¤•⁄ ⁄M∏OÊ.
Ƥ√_fi´⁄ O¤ƒ¶M•⁄ ´⁄sÊ•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ∂M¶¡⁄fl»⁄ ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl —¤M—⁄Ì~O⁄ Æ⁄¡⁄MÆ⁄¡Êæ⁄flfl
»⁄·Ëƒ¿æ⁄flfl}⁄»¤•⁄fl•⁄fl. ""Aæ⁄fl%¡Ê‡fi, »Ê‡V⁄ƒ¡Ê‡fi, OÊÓ—⁄°¡Ê‡fi }⁄sÊæÊflfi ⁄fl Gƒ«¡⁄‡ ∂¡⁄≈ÊM•⁄fl —¤ V⁄~“•Ê''
GM•⁄fl ‘¤t•⁄ O⁄… O⁄æ⁄·¤¿¡⁄ Pjky| ¡ÊÁV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fltæ⁄flM}Ê ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ e¤~, »⁄fl}⁄, ®⁄»⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄ ∫Êfi•⁄…ƒ«•Ê Gƒ«
…•ÊfiÃfiæ⁄fl¬V⁄‡ @´¤¶O¤ƒ¶M•⁄ƒ‡ AÀ⁄√æ⁄fl»⁄´⁄fl≠ ¨fis⁄fl}¤° ∂M¶•Ê. »Êfi•⁄-DÆ⁄¨Œ⁄}⁄fl°V⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄
»⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄}Êæ⁄fl —⁄M•ÊfiÀ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ dV⁄~°VÊ —¤¬•Ê. ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl Æ⁄‚¥¡¤y, —¤’}⁄¿, O⁄≈Ê »⁄flflM}¤•⁄fl»⁄‚¥ C O¤¡⁄y¶M•⁄≈Êfi
dV⁄~° ⁄Δ« »⁄·¤ ⁄¿}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sʶ»Ê. ÃO⁄–y, …e¤k ⁄ OÊ–fi}⁄√V⁄◊⁄Δ« Ƥ√_fi ⁄ O¤ƒ¶M•⁄≈Êfi ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ ’¬•¤•⁄
—¤§ ⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊ•⁄flOʇMt•Ê. Ƥ√_fi ⁄ ∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄Δ«•⁄ß ⁄ƒM•¤, }⁄O⁄–Ã≈¤ GM∂ …À⁄ …•¤¿¨ƒæ⁄flV⁄◊⁄fl
e¤~, »⁄fl}⁄, ®⁄»⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄ ∫Êfi•⁄»Ê{—⁄•Ê dV⁄~° ⁄ Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ ÃO⁄–y»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¨fis⁄fl~°•⁄flß»⁄‚¥ GM∂fl•⁄ ⁄fl≠ ´¤…M•⁄fl
‘Ê»ÊflΩøflM•⁄ ‘ÊfiÿOʇ◊⁄Ÿ∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl. A•⁄fl•⁄¬M•⁄≈Êfi —¤ …fl …»ÊfiO¤´⁄M•⁄¡⁄M}⁄‘⁄ •¤À⁄%¨O⁄¡⁄fl ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl
}⁄}⁄ ,“•¤™M}⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄„d¨fiæ⁄fl∫¤»⁄¶M•⁄ VË¡⁄…—⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl. ""AO¤À⁄¶M•⁄ ʃOÊQ ∏•⁄ß ¨fi¡⁄fl ……®⁄ ⁄¶V⁄◊⁄
»⁄fl‡ƒO⁄ Oʇ ÊVÊ —⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —Êfi¡⁄fl»⁄M}Ê dV⁄~° ⁄ G≈¤« ®⁄»⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄ »⁄flflR¿ D•ÊßfiÀ⁄ »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ O⁄≈¤¿y•⁄}⁄°
—¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl'' GM∂ —⁄M•ÊfiÀ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ …»ÊfiO¤ ⁄M•⁄¡⁄fl dV⁄~°VÊ —¤¬•⁄¡⁄fl. •¤À⁄%¨O⁄¡⁄ BM}⁄‘⁄ —¤M—⁄Ì~O⁄ ’¬»ÊflV⁄◊⁄fl
∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄ »⁄fl ʇfi »ÊÁÀ¤ƒ¿»⁄ ⁄‡≠, »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿»⁄ ⁄‡≠ Dÿ“OʇMs⁄fl ∂M¶»Ê. »⁄·¤}⁄√»⁄ƒ«•Ê ……®⁄}Êæ⁄flΔ« « HO⁄}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠
O¤yfl»⁄Δ« ∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl —⁄M—⁄Ì~ ‘¤V⁄‡ Æ⁄¡⁄MÆ⁄¡Ê Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄ Ƥ}⁄√»⁄’“•Ê.
‘⁄ƒ»⁄‚¥ »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄◊⁄ O¤ƒ ∏√nŒ⁄¡⁄ •¤—⁄¿•⁄Δ«•⁄ß ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ BM•⁄fl —⁄ }⁄M}⁄√ ¡¤Œ⁄oÒ»¤W »Êfl¡Êæ⁄flfl~°•Ê.
∫¤¡⁄}⁄OÊQ —¤ }⁄M}⁄√=¿ •Ê‡¡⁄P“Oʇs⁄ƒfl ‘ʇfi¡¤t•⁄ »⁄fl‘¤}⁄Ω¡Êƒ«¡⁄ }¤¿V⁄ ‘¤V⁄‡ •ÊfiÀ⁄ÆÊ√fi»⁄fl»⁄´⁄fl≠ GŒ⁄flo
‘ʇV⁄ÿ•⁄¡⁄‡ O⁄t»ÊflæÊfl. —¤ }⁄M}⁄√=¿O¤QW ‘ʇfi¡¤t•⁄ »⁄fl‘¤}¤Ω V¤M©æ⁄fl»⁄¡⁄M}⁄‘⁄ »⁄fl‘¤ ⁄fl∫¤»⁄¡⁄ JV⁄Xlflo,
J»⁄flΩ}⁄ ‘¤V⁄‡ —⁄‘⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ´¤»⁄‚¥ VË¡⁄…—⁄≈Êfi∑ÊfiO⁄fl. »⁄·¤}⁄√»⁄ƒ«•Ê @»⁄¡⁄ —⁄»⁄%—⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄}Êæ⁄fl •⁄‰œo ⁄»⁄flVÊ
A•⁄À⁄%»¤V⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ BM•⁄fl @~ •Ê‡s⁄u Æ⁄√e¤Æ⁄√∫⁄fl}⁄ ¡¤Œ⁄oÒ»ÊM∂ ‘ÊV⁄XÿOÊæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊæ⁄flƒfl ⁄»⁄flΩ
’¬æ⁄fl¡⁄ IO⁄¿•⁄ •⁄flt»ÊflæÊflfi O¤¡⁄y»¤W•Ê.
JM•⁄fl }ʇfil•⁄Δ« @ ÊfiO⁄ ∂VÊæ⁄fl Ws⁄V⁄◊⁄fl, »⁄fl¡⁄V⁄◊⁄fl, ∂ÿŸV⁄◊⁄fl ∑Ê◊ʶ¡⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. ……®⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄fl ∂y|∂y|•⁄
‘⁄‡V⁄◊⁄fl @¡⁄ÿ »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿Æ⁄„y% Æ⁄¬»⁄fl◊⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∏fi¡⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. @»Êƒ« Æ⁄√O⁄‰~ »⁄·¤}Êæ⁄fl Oʇs⁄flVÊ. @»⁄‚¥ Æ⁄√O⁄‰~ »⁄·¤}Êæ⁄flfl
—⁄»⁄%¡⁄´⁄‡≠ —⁄»⁄·¤´⁄»¤W O¤yfl»⁄ —⁄M•ÊfiÀ⁄»⁄´⁄fl≠ —¤¡⁄fl}⁄°»ÊÊ. »⁄·¤´⁄»⁄¡¤•⁄ ´¤»⁄‚¥ ¨—⁄V⁄%•⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ C
37
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—⁄»⁄fl}¤»¤•⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ʇfit ⁄»⁄flΩ ffi»⁄ ⁄•⁄ƒ‡« @•⁄ ⁄fl≠ @◊⁄»⁄t“Oʇ◊⁄Ÿ∑ÊfiO⁄fl. ⁄»⁄flΩ —⁄fl}⁄°»⁄flfl}⁄°ƒ‡ ∑Êfi¡Ê∑Êfi¡Ê
∫¤ŒÊV⁄◊⁄ ¤≠s⁄fl»⁄ d ⁄¬•¤ß¡Ê. ∑Êfi¡Ê∑Êfi¡Ê A^¤¡⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄‡w“OʇMs⁄»⁄¬•¤ß¡Ê. C G≈¤« »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿V⁄◊⁄fl
⁄»⁄flΩ —⁄M—⁄Ì~æ⁄fl —⁄MÆ⁄ ⁄≠}Êæ⁄fl ƒO⁄–y. Æ⁄√~æʇM•⁄fl ∫¤ŒÊ, A^¤¡⁄…^¤¡⁄, e¤~, »⁄fl}⁄, ®⁄»⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Ø√fi~—⁄fl»⁄
‘¤V⁄‡ VË¡⁄…—⁄fl»⁄ V⁄fly ⁄»⁄flΩΔ«¡⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. AV⁄ ⁄»⁄flΩ »⁄¿P°}⁄ Àʇfi∫¤æ⁄fl»⁄·¤ ⁄»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. C »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄ »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿V⁄◊Êfi
∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄ —⁄MÆ⁄}Ê° —⁄fl}⁄°•Ê. B}⁄¡⁄ ¡¤Œ⁄oÒV⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl®Ê¥¿ ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄‚¥ }⁄≈Ê G~° ¨ƒfl«»⁄M}¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê.
’M•⁄‡, P√Ã`æ⁄fl´È, »⁄flfl“«M, ∑Ë•⁄™, eÊÁ ⁄, “SÈ, Ƥ“%, æ⁄fl‘⁄‡¶ »⁄flflM}¤•⁄ ®⁄»⁄fl% ‘¤V⁄‡
»⁄fl}¤´⁄flæ⁄·¤øflV⁄◊⁄fl ∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄Δ« @•ÊŒÊ‡ofi »⁄Œ⁄%V⁄ÿM•⁄ ∑¤ÿ ∂•⁄flO⁄fl~°•¤ß¡Ê. }⁄»⁄flΩ}⁄»⁄flΩ ®⁄»⁄fl%V⁄◊⁄Δ«
…À¤ —⁄…¬“OʇMs⁄fl "´¤»Êƒ«¡⁄‡ ∫¤¡⁄}⁄»⁄·¤}Êæ⁄fl »⁄flO⁄Q◊⁄fl' GM∂ »⁄fl´Ê‡fi∫¤»⁄´ÊøflM•⁄ ´Ê»⁄flΩ¶øflM•⁄
∂•⁄flO⁄fl~°•¤ß¡Ê.
∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄ —⁄M…®¤ ⁄»⁄„ ∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄ Æ⁄√eÊV⁄ÿVÊ —⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄ ‘⁄O⁄flQ∑¤®⁄¥¿}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ fit•Ê. O¤ ⁄‡¨ ⁄ •⁄‰œoæ⁄flΔ«
∂s⁄»⁄-*»⁄flM}⁄, …•¤¿»⁄M}⁄-@…•¤¿»⁄M}⁄ GM∂ ∫Êfi•⁄∫¤»⁄…ƒ«. —⁄M…®¤ ⁄•⁄ ‘⁄O⁄Q ⁄fl≠ @ ⁄fl∫⁄…—⁄fl»⁄ ‘⁄O⁄flQ
∫¤¡⁄}⁄•⁄ Æ⁄√~æʇ∂π Æ⁄√eÊV⁄‡ B•Ê. @•⁄OÊQ æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•Êfi ®⁄»⁄fl%, e¤~, ΔMV⁄, Æ⁄MV⁄s⁄, ∫¤ŒÊ @tuæ⁄·¤V⁄∑¤¡⁄•ÊM∂
AÀ⁄æ⁄fl»⁄„ ⁄»⁄flΩ —⁄M…®¤ ⁄•⁄Δ«•Ê. A•⁄fl•⁄¬M•⁄ ⁄»⁄flΩ —⁄M—⁄Ì~, Æ⁄¡⁄MÆ⁄¡Ê ‘¤V⁄‡ —⁄M…®¤ ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ VË¡⁄…—⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl.
""Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ —⁄»⁄fl∑¤◊⁄fl Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ —⁄»⁄flƤƒfl'' GM∂ IO⁄¿»⁄flM}⁄√»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ´¤»⁄‚¥ ffi»⁄ ⁄•⁄Δ« @◊⁄»⁄t“OʇMs⁄¡Ê
»⁄·¤}⁄√ ⁄»⁄flΩ ffi»⁄ ⁄ —¤¢⁄%O⁄»Ê —⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
@ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl ∂¡Êøfl¬
""Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ —⁄»⁄fl∑¤◊⁄fl, Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ —⁄»⁄flƤƒfl'' GM∂ »⁄·¤~ ⁄ ∂VÊX »⁄flΩ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Ê•⁄fl
}⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« »⁄flMt“¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
∫¤¡⁄~fiæ⁄fl —⁄M—⁄Ì~æ⁄fl »⁄fl‡ƒ }⁄}⁄ V⁄◊⁄fl æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥»⁄‚¥?
®⁄»⁄fl%•⁄ ∂VÊX …»ÊfiO¤ ⁄M•⁄¡⁄fl —¤¬•⁄ —⁄M•ÊfiÀ⁄»Êfi ⁄fl?
Æ⁄√O⁄‰~ »⁄·¤}Êæ⁄fl Oʇs⁄flVÊ H ⁄fl?
⁄»⁄flΩ ffi»⁄ ⁄ —¤¢⁄%O⁄»¤V⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl ‘ÊfiVÊ?
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O⁄¡⁄Æ⁄}⁄√ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
¡¤œoÒfiæ⁄fl ∫¤»ÊÁO⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —¤¡⁄fl»⁄ O⁄¡⁄Æ⁄}⁄√»Ê„M•⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬
@tVÊ¡Ê G◊Ê•⁄ Æ⁄•⁄•⁄ …¡Ê‡fi®¤¢⁄% Æ⁄•⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠Æ⁄æʇfiW“OʇMs⁄fl ∑Êfi¡Ê »¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬.
»⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄¡⁄Δ« @—⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄}Ê —⁄¬æ⁄flƒ«
d ⁄¡⁄Δ« ∏O⁄Qlflo »⁄fl‡t•⁄¡Ê @•⁄fl @´¤‘⁄fl}⁄OÊQ O¤¡⁄y»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•Ê.
d ⁄¡⁄fl @®⁄»⁄fl%•⁄ •¤¬æ⁄flΔ« —¤V⁄∑¤¡⁄•⁄fl.
—⁄»⁄·¤d•⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ •⁄fl¡¤^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ •⁄‡¡⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•Êfi ⁄»⁄flΩ D•ÊßfiÀ⁄»¤W¡⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl.
’¬æ⁄fl¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ @VË¡⁄»⁄¶M•⁄ O¤yfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl ⁄»⁄flΩ —⁄M—⁄Ì~æ⁄fl ƒO⁄–y»⁄ƒ«.
Æ⁄~√O¤»¤}Ê% }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
¨»⁄flΩ À¤≈Êæ⁄flΔ« V¤M©fidæ⁄flM~æ⁄fl Æ⁄√æ⁄flflO⁄° fi»⁄‚¥ ⁄sÊ—⁄fl»⁄ ⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄ »⁄·¤’~æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄~√OÊVÊ
¨fis⁄ƒfl —⁄‡O⁄°»¤•⁄ »¤}Ê%æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
OÊ◊⁄W ⁄ Æ⁄•⁄—⁄‡æ⁄fl%•⁄ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl¶M•⁄ ¡¤œoÒfiæ⁄fl ∫¤»ÊÁO⁄¿•⁄ O⁄fl¬}⁄fl Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
—⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄}Ê
•ÊfiÀ⁄ÆÊ√fi»⁄fl¡¤Œ⁄oÒWfi}Ê
O⁄}⁄%»⁄¿V⁄◊⁄fl
—Êfi»¤»⁄fl ʇfi∫¤»⁄
—ʇfi•⁄¡⁄}Ê
—⁄»⁄%®⁄»⁄fl% —⁄»⁄fl ⁄ æ⁄fl
¡¤œoÒfiæ⁄fl}Ê
¡¤Œ⁄oÒ®⁄¥ d‘⁄O⁄flQV⁄◊⁄fl
⁄»⁄flΩ Êƒ, dƒ
¡¤œoÒfiæ⁄fl ∫¤»ÊÁO⁄¿
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O⁄ΔO¤ —¤®⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl
AΔ“ K¶ ~ÿ•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄O⁄%∂•⁄™»¤W …ÀÊ«fiœ“ —⁄ M}⁄ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »¤_O⁄»¤W »⁄fl}⁄fl°
ΔT}⁄»¤W Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
V⁄•⁄¿-Æ⁄•⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl —⁄∞Œ⁄o}ÊæʇM¶VÊ ¡⁄V⁄%◊⁄»¤W »⁄fl}⁄fl° —⁄fl∞l}ÊæʇM¶VÊ K•⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄
AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∑¤æÊflß¡Êæ⁄·¤W »⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
d ⁄Æ⁄•⁄Wfi}Ê, O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄, ∫¤»⁄ GM∏»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ A—¤ ¶—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl, }¤◊⁄•Ê‡M¶VÊ ∫¤»⁄ ¤}⁄ΩO⁄»¤W
‘¤t »⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. O⁄Mp⁄Ƥp⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄ M}⁄ @ª¡⁄fl_VÊ }⁄O⁄QM}Ê O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}Ê, ¤lO⁄, Æ⁄√»¤—⁄O⁄¢⁄ ⁄ »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ …ª ⁄≠ …∫¤V⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« J◊⁄VʇMs⁄
Æ⁄‚¥—⁄°O⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ K•⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° K¶ ~ÿ•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ……®⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ« Æ⁄√O⁄lÆ⁄t—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
…ª ⁄≠ ¬fi~æ⁄fl »⁄¿»⁄‘¤¡⁄ ¡⁄‡Æ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄M_OÊ, ª~°Æ⁄~√OÊ, ‘⁄—⁄°Æ⁄~√OÊ,
¨æ⁄fl}⁄O¤ΔO⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄‰d´¤}⁄ΩO⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ K¶, @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl OÊs⁄•⁄M}Ê —⁄MP–Æ⁄°»¤W ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄‡O⁄° —⁄‡ ⁄O⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄‡Ø“ —⁄ M}⁄ ‘¤V⁄‡ B}⁄¡⁄¡⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ »⁄·Ëƒ¿¨y%øfl—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄Δ« O⁄¢¤Æ¤}⁄√V⁄◊⁄ »⁄·¤ ⁄“O⁄ “§~, @»⁄‚¥V⁄ÿW¡⁄fl»⁄ —¤§ ⁄ B}¤¿¶V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ ∑¤æÊflß¡Êæ⁄·¤W
»⁄fl}⁄fl° ΔT}⁄»¤W Ƥ}⁄√_}⁄√y »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
……®⁄ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Mp⁄Ƥp⁄ »⁄·¤t —⁄‡O⁄°»¤•⁄ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄V⁄◊ʇM¶VÊ ∫¤»⁄Æ⁄„y%»¤W ‘¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄ M}⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ÃŒ⁄o∫¤ŒÊæ⁄flΔ« }⁄Ø∞ƒ«•Ê ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
K¶•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ …ÀÊ«fiœ“ }⁄ ⁄≠ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∫¤Œ⁄y, Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ »⁄fl}⁄fl° ⁄ Ê%V⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄¬_}⁄»¤•⁄ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ ∏M∂O⁄ƒ∞ Ê, »⁄y% Ê GM∏»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° »¤_O⁄»¤W
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
•⁄‰À⁄¿-À¤√»⁄¿ »⁄·¤®⁄¥¿»⁄flV⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄ V⁄ÿ“•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ ⁄≠ ¡⁄ ⁄ Êæ⁄flΔ« ∂◊⁄—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
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»⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl }⁄ ⁄≠Δ«•⁄ß —⁄MÆ⁄}⁄° ⁄fl≠ æʇfiV⁄¿»¤•⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ« ∂◊⁄—⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. ""∂_`lo•⁄flß
Æ⁄¡⁄¬MVÊ'' GM•⁄fl —⁄»⁄%dk ⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄M}Ê }⁄»⁄flΩΔ«•⁄flß•⁄ ⁄fl≠ fÆ⁄‚¥y}⁄ ⁄¶M•⁄ ∂_`lo¡Ê
@•⁄fl }⁄»⁄flV⁄‡ —⁄»⁄flæ⁄flOÊQ J•⁄V⁄≈¤¡⁄•⁄fl GM∂ @¬»⁄‚¥ ⁄»⁄flΩΔ«¡⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. Gƒ«¡Ê‡◊⁄fl
JM•¤W Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ ∑ÊfiO¤W ´¤»⁄‚¥ ∂•⁄flOʇfiy.
3
—⁄fl}⁄° »⁄flfl}⁄°
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»⁄fl¡⁄…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl?
»⁄fl¡⁄…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl? Ê◊⁄Δƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄!
®⁄ ⁄…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl •⁄æ⁄fl…ƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄ ?
‘⁄—⁄fl…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl ‘¤Δƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄ ?
¡⁄‡Ø•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl V⁄fly…ƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄ ?
@ƒW•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl »⁄fl ⁄…ƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄
´¤¨•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl »⁄flΩ e¤k ⁄…ƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄ ! Ê ⁄≠»⁄flΔ«O¤dfl% ⁄
V⁄V⁄ ⁄•⁄ V⁄flMÆ⁄ ⁄M•⁄√»⁄fl ∂ƒfl«•⁄ƒ«•Ê
»ÊflfiΔ•¤ßs⁄fl»⁄ ‘⁄•⁄flß ∂ƒfl«•Êfi @æ⁄·¤¿
⁄¶æ⁄fl V⁄flMÆ⁄ }¤»⁄¡Ê ∂ƒfl«•⁄ƒ«•Ê
}⁄tæ⁄flΔ«•⁄ß ‘ʇ´¤≠»⁄¬OÊ ∂ƒfl«•Êfi @æ⁄fl¿ ?
Æ⁄‚¥Œ⁄∞•⁄ Æ⁄¬»⁄fl◊⁄»⁄ }⁄flM∏∂ƒfl«•⁄ƒ«•Ê
O⁄sÊæ⁄flΔ•¤ßs⁄fl»⁄ ʇ¡⁄dfl ∂ƒfl«•Êfi @æ⁄·¤¿
Ê ⁄≠»⁄flΔ«O¤dfl% ⁄æ⁄fl¿,
¨»⁄flΩ À⁄¡⁄y¡⁄ ¨ƒfl»⁄ ¨fi»Êfi ∂Δ«¡⁄ƒ«•Ê
C Oʇfiy ⁄ »ÊflÁæ⁄fl »Êflfiƒy —ʇ◊ÊŸV⁄◊Ê}⁄° ∂ƒfl«»⁄æ⁄·¤¿!
@O⁄Q»⁄fl‘¤•Êfi…
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@O⁄Q»⁄fl‘¤•Êfi…
»⁄ ⁄ ⁄ —¤’}⁄¿•⁄Δ« Æ⁄√“•⁄™◊¤•⁄ @O⁄Q»⁄fl‘¤•Êfi…æ⁄flfl P√.À⁄. 12 Êfi À⁄}⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄•⁄Δ« ffi…“•⁄ß »⁄ ⁄ ⁄V¤~%
û⁄»Ê‡V⁄X f≈Ê«æ⁄fl Ds⁄fl}⁄t GM∂Δ« COÊ d¨“•⁄◊⁄fl. ∑¤ƒ¿¶M•⁄≈Êfi @Æ⁄√~»⁄fl û⁄∫⁄OÊ°æ⁄·¤W•⁄ß B»⁄◊⁄
»⁄ ⁄ ⁄V⁄◊⁄fl •ÊÁ»⁄∫⁄P°æʇM¶VÊ »⁄·¤ ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl @ ⁄fl—⁄¬—⁄∑ÊfiO¤•⁄ ¨fi~ ¨æ⁄fl»⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ~ÿ—⁄fl}⁄°»Ê. B»⁄◊⁄
»⁄ ⁄ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ Oʇ ÊVÊ " Ê ⁄≠»⁄flΔ«O¤dfl% ⁄' GM∂ @MP}⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ O¤y∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl‘¤t¬
@O⁄Q»⁄fl‘¤•Êfi…æ⁄fl »⁄ ⁄ ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡¤V⁄»¤W ‘¤t¬.
—¤ƒ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“¬
OÊ◊⁄W ⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl ∂¡⁄fl»⁄ —¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
AO¤À⁄•⁄ ∂VÊX ⁄M•⁄√¨V⁄ƒ«•Ê ‘⁄¶ßVÊ ~ÿæ⁄fl•⁄fl.
‘⁄‡… ⁄ Æ⁄¬»⁄fl◊⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ •⁄flM∏V⁄◊⁄ƒ«•Ê ⁄fl“V⁄◊⁄fl ~ÿæ⁄flfl»⁄»Êfi?
V⁄fly…ƒ«¶•⁄ß¡Ê ¡⁄‡Æ⁄…•⁄‡ß Æ⁄√æʇfid ⁄…ƒ«
‘¤ƒfl fis⁄•⁄ ‘⁄—⁄fl…•⁄flß Æ⁄√æʇfid ⁄…ƒ«
Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl Oʇs⁄•⁄ »⁄fl¡⁄…•⁄flßß H ⁄fl Æ⁄√æʇfid ⁄?
‘ʇM¶“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
»⁄fl¡⁄…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl ‘¤Δƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄
V⁄V⁄ ⁄•⁄ V⁄flMÆ⁄ Ê¡⁄ÿƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄
@ƒW•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl }⁄flM∏ ∂ƒfl«•⁄ƒ«•Ê
‘⁄—⁄fl…•⁄flß ±⁄ƒ»Êfi ⁄fl »⁄fl ⁄…ƒ«•⁄ ⁄≠O⁄
Æ⁄‚¥Œ⁄∞•⁄ Æ⁄¬»⁄fl◊⁄»⁄ ⁄M•⁄√»⁄fl ∂ƒfl«•⁄fl
—¤¡¤MÀ⁄ ∂¡Êøfl¬
@O⁄Q»⁄fl‘¤•Êfi…æ⁄fl »⁄ ⁄ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ K¶ A—¤ ¶“¶¡⁄ƒ«»Êfi? @•⁄¡⁄ —¤¡¤MÀ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
—¤ ¡⁄—⁄¿ ∂¡Êøfl¬
OÊ◊⁄VÊ Oʇno¡⁄fl»⁄ »⁄ ⁄ ⁄•⁄ —¤ ¡⁄—⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
""¨»⁄flΩ À⁄¡⁄y¡⁄ ¨ƒfl»⁄ ¨fi»Ê ∂Δ«¡⁄ƒ«•Ê
C Oʇfiy ⁄ »ÊflÁæ⁄fl »Êflfiƒy —ʇ◊ÊŸV⁄◊Ê}⁄° ∂ƒfl«»⁄⁄æ⁄fl¿''
—⁄MV⁄√’“¬
@O⁄Q »⁄fl‘¤•Êfi…æ⁄fl »⁄ ⁄ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄MV⁄√’“ }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« ‘¤t¬.
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A}⁄Ω…À¤ —⁄•⁄ Vʃfl»⁄‚¥
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ∑ÊMV⁄◊⁄‡¬ ⁄ ‘⁄◊Ê »⁄fl•⁄¡¤—⁄fl ¡⁄—Ê°æ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»⁄ V⁄‡V⁄≈È »Ê∑È—ÊÁmÈ O⁄MÆÊ æ⁄flΔ« •Ê‡s⁄u —⁄M∂◊⁄•⁄
O⁄MÆ⁄„¿l¡È BMf¨æ⁄fl¡È. C}⁄ Æ⁄√ ⁄⁄Ms⁄ A}⁄Ω…À¤ —⁄¶M•⁄ ""•Êfi…√•¤ß Ê ∏s⁄Ƥ∞'' GM•⁄fl ‘ÊfiÿOʇMsÊ
∑ÊMV⁄◊⁄‡¬ ⁄ ¡⁄—Ê°V⁄◊⁄Δ« »ÊfiV⁄»¤W }⁄ ⁄≠ mÊÓ“O⁄≈È Kt—⁄fl}¤° Ê. ""}⁄M•Êæ⁄fl ®ÊÁæ⁄fl%, }¤øflæ⁄fl Ø√fi~, @O⁄Q ⁄
}¤¿V⁄, VÊ◊Êæ⁄fl¡⁄-V⁄fl¡⁄flV⁄◊⁄ Jƒfl»ÊflæÊflfi C »⁄¡ÊVÊ ⁄ ⁄≠
OÊÁ ’t•⁄fl ⁄sÊ“•Ê'' G ⁄fl≠}¤° Ê. "" ⁄ ⁄VÊ O¤ƒflV⁄ÿƒ« GM∂
Pfi◊⁄¬»Êfl ⁄ ⁄≠ ⁄fl≠ GM¶V⁄‡ O¤tƒ« »⁄flflM•Ê O¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄‡
Bƒ«'' GM•⁄fl }⁄flM∂fl A}⁄Ω…À¤ —⁄¶M•⁄ ⁄fltæ⁄flfl}¤°° Ê.
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ AM®⁄¥√ Æ⁄√•ÊfiÀ⁄•⁄ Vʇfi•¤»⁄¬ ⁄¶fi
~fi¡⁄•⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ ~fiƤ¡⁄fl GM∂ ‘⁄ÿŸæ⁄flΔ« d¨“•⁄ ⁄fl.
B»⁄ ⁄ }⁄M•Ê J∂π ≈¤¬sÊÓ»⁄¡È, }¤øfl V⁄‰’{. C}⁄ ⁄
@O⁄Q´⁄ ‘Ê—⁄¡⁄fl “¬fiÀ¤. ´¤V⁄´⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄´⁄ »⁄·¤}¤Ø}⁄¡⁄fl
¨¡⁄O⁄–¡⁄O⁄flP–V⁄◊⁄fl. }⁄»⁄flVÊ …•¤¿∫¤¿—⁄…ƒ« GM∂fl•Êfi C
•⁄MÆ⁄~V⁄◊⁄ •Ê‡s⁄u Oʇ¡⁄V¤W}⁄fl°. @•⁄´⁄fl≠ }⁄»⁄flΩ
»⁄flO⁄Q◊Ê•⁄fl¡⁄fl ‘ÊfiÿOʇ◊⁄flŸ}¤° ""´¤»⁄M}⁄‡ K•⁄Δƒ«, fi»⁄‚¥ Ê ¤≠W K•⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl'' G ⁄fl≠~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl. »⁄·¤}⁄√»⁄ƒ«•Êfi ""GM}⁄‘⁄
—⁄MO⁄l•⁄ —⁄M•⁄∫⁄%•⁄ƒ‡« ®ÊÁæ⁄fl%VÊs⁄∑¤¡⁄•⁄fl'' GM∂ P…»⁄·¤}⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄•¤ ‘Êfi◊⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl. B•⁄OÊQ Æ⁄„¡⁄O⁄»ÊM∂M}Ê
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ }⁄M•Ê æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•Êfi —⁄»⁄fl—Ê¿ G•⁄fl¡¤•⁄¡⁄‡ ""•Êfi…√•¤ß Ê ∏s⁄Ƥ∞ ,Gƒ« —⁄¬‘ʇfiV⁄fl}Ê°'' GM•⁄fl ∏s⁄fl~°•⁄ß.
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ ∑¤ƒ¿ O⁄‡s¤ B}⁄¡⁄ »⁄flO⁄Q◊⁄M}Ê —¤ ∫¤…O⁄»¤W}⁄fl°. ‘Ê_` ⁄ }⁄flMl}⁄ ⁄…•⁄ß¡⁄‡ K¶ ⁄Δ« »⁄·¤}⁄√
»⁄flflM¶•⁄ß. K¡⁄VÊæ⁄fl»⁄¡Ê‡M¶VÊ ⁄sÊæ⁄flfl»⁄ æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•Êfi ⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄ƒ‡« @»⁄ VÊ Æ⁄√~—⁄∞©%V⁄◊Êfi B¡⁄Δƒ«. }⁄flM∑¤
∂fl¶™»⁄M}⁄ @¨≠“OʇMt•⁄ß O¤¡⁄y A}⁄ ⁄ ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl }⁄flMm¤lV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ Gƒ«¡⁄‡ »⁄fl¨≠—⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl. @•⁄fl 1993¡⁄
d ⁄»⁄¬ ~MV⁄◊⁄fl. —⁄MO¤√M~ Æ⁄√æ⁄flflO⁄° À¤≈ÊVÊ ¡⁄eÊ B}⁄fl°. ¡⁄e¤O¤ƒ O⁄◊Êæ⁄flƒfl }¤øfl »⁄fl}⁄fl° @O⁄Q ʇM¶VÊ
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄fl @fg»⁄fl ÊVÊ ‘ʇ¡⁄l ⁄fl. @»⁄¡⁄fl ∂—⁄fl” ¨≈¤ßyOÊQ ∂M•⁄ Oʃ»Êfi O⁄–yV⁄◊⁄Δ« @•Êfi »⁄·¤V⁄%»¤W
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ }⁄M•Êæ⁄fl —Ê≠fi’}⁄ ≈¤¬æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Kt“OʇMs⁄fl ∂M•⁄¡⁄fl. B»⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Ms⁄»⁄ Êfi ""E¬VÊ ∏t°fi¨,
‘⁄}ʇQÿŸ'' GM•⁄¡⁄fl. }¤øfl »⁄fl}⁄fl° @O⁄Q ʇM¶VÊ ≈¤¬ H¬•⁄ ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀÈ sÊÓ»⁄¡⁄ ⁄ Æ⁄O⁄Q•⁄Δ« O⁄flÿ}⁄flOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl.
∑¤ƒ¿ —⁄‘⁄d»¤•⁄ O⁄fl}⁄‡‘⁄ƒ¶M•⁄ sÊÓ»⁄¡È ʇs⁄ Ê H Êfi ʇfi »⁄·¤}⁄ ¤s⁄fl}⁄°≈Êfi B•⁄ß ⁄fl.
’fiVÊ —¤V⁄fl~°•¤ßV⁄ @´¤‘⁄fl}⁄ ⁄sÊ•Êfi‘ʇfiøfl}⁄fl. @•⁄fl O⁄∏πy•⁄ D}⁄∞ ⁄≠V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —¤W—⁄fl~°•⁄ß ‘⁄◊Êfi ≈¤¬.
@•⁄¡⁄ ⁄lflo, ∑ʇfi≈ÈoV⁄◊ʃ« —⁄tƒ»¤W•⁄ß»⁄‚¥. C …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊Êfi ⁄‡ ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ ~ÿ¶¡⁄Δƒ«. A}⁄ ⁄fl sÊÓ»⁄¡⁄ ⁄
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∂ƒ∫¤V⁄•⁄Δ«•⁄ß JM¶Œ⁄flo e¤V⁄•⁄≈Ê«fi O⁄flO⁄Q¡⁄flV¤Δ ⁄Δ« O⁄flÿ~•⁄ß. »ÊfiV⁄»¤W —⁄M ⁄¬—⁄fl~°•⁄ß ≈¤¬æ⁄fl sÊÓ»⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl
æ⁄·¤Oʇfi ¶wfi¡⁄ Ê ∑Ê√fiOÈ ‘¤P•¤V⁄ sÊÓ»⁄¡È O¤¿∏´È ⁄ ∑¤Wƒfl @^¤ ⁄O⁄»¤W }Ê¡Ê•⁄flOʇMt}⁄fl. O⁄yfl| »⁄flfl_`
}Ê¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄¡Ê‡◊⁄VÊ ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ¡⁄—Ê°VÊ ∏•⁄ß. ’M•ÊæÊflfi ≈¤¬æ⁄flΔ«•⁄ß JM•Ê¡⁄s⁄fl O⁄∏πy•⁄ }⁄flMs⁄flV⁄◊⁄fl @»⁄ ⁄
O¤Δ ⁄ »Êflfi≈Ê ∏•⁄flß»⁄‚¥. —Êfi¬•⁄ d ⁄¡Êƒ« ‘⁄fls⁄flV⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄O⁄Q•⁄≈Ê«fi B•⁄ß S¤—⁄W A—⁄∞}Ê√VÊ OʇMsʇæ⁄flß¡⁄fl. @Δ« ⁄
»ÊÁ•⁄¿¡⁄fl ""B•⁄fl A¿P”sÊMmÈ OÊfi—⁄fl }¤ Ê ? “fi•¤ —⁄¡⁄O¤¬ A—⁄∞}Ê√VÊ }⁄VʇMs⁄fl ‘ʇfiW. æ⁄·¤OÊM•Ê√ B•Êƒ«
OÊfi—¤V⁄fl}Ê° ''@M•⁄»⁄¡Ê O⁄ Œ⁄r Æ⁄√¢⁄»⁄fl _P}Ê”æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Oʇs⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄O⁄‡Q ¨¡¤O⁄¬“•⁄¡⁄fl.
C »Êfi◊ÊVÊ …Œ⁄æ⁄fl ~ÿ•⁄ ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ }⁄M•Ê @Δ«VÊ ®¤…“ ∂M•⁄¡⁄fl. »⁄flV⁄ ⁄ “§~ O⁄Ms⁄fl @»⁄¡⁄⁄ V⁄Mlƒfl∏π
∂M}⁄fl. A•⁄¡Ê "}¤ ⁄fl @}⁄°¡Ê Gƒ«¡⁄ A}⁄MO⁄ B ⁄≠Œ⁄flo e¤“°æ⁄·¤V⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl' @M•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl »⁄fl ⁄•⁄≈Ê«fi ""•Êfi…√•¤ß Ê
∏s⁄Ƥ∞''GM•⁄fl »⁄·Ë ⁄»¤•⁄¡⁄fl.
@ ⁄M}⁄¡⁄ @»⁄ ⁄ E¬VÊ ‘⁄~°¡⁄»Êfi B•⁄ß —⁄¡⁄O¤¬ A—⁄∞}Ê√æ⁄fl »ÊÁ•⁄¿¡⁄fl O¤ΔVÊ ∑¤¿MsÊfieÈ —⁄fl~° ""H ⁄‡
AWƒ« ‘ʇfiW√, JM•⁄fl »¤¡⁄•Ê‡◊⁄VÊ G≈¤« —⁄¬‘ʇfiV⁄fl}Ê° ''GM•⁄fl ‘¤¬OÊæ⁄fl »⁄·¤}⁄ ¤≠t∏lo¡⁄fl.
s¤O⁄o¡È ‘Êfiÿ•⁄ JM•⁄fl »¤¡⁄ O⁄◊Ê•Êfi‘ʇfiøfl}⁄fl. O¤Δ ⁄ V¤æ⁄fl»⁄·¤}⁄√ ‘¤VÊfi Dÿøfl}⁄fl. »¤“æ⁄·¤V⁄•Ê
Pfi»⁄‚¥ }⁄flM∏OʇMs⁄fl »⁄fl Ê }⁄flM∑¤ •⁄fl»¤%—⁄ Ê A»⁄¬“}⁄fl. V¤∂¬VʇMs⁄ ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀÈ ⁄ }⁄M•Ê A}⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ f≈¤«—⁄∞}Ê√VÊ
O⁄¡Ê•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ‘ʇfi•⁄¡⁄fl. A•⁄¡Ê O¤ƒ …flM_}⁄fl°. @»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄¬fiP–“•⁄ »ÊÁ•⁄¿¡⁄fl ""BŒ⁄flo¶ ⁄ H ⁄fl »⁄·¤s¤° B¶√?
CV¤V⁄≈Êfi "V¤¿MW√´È' }ʇsÊæ⁄fl }⁄ ⁄O⁄ »¤¿Ø“•Ê'' GM•⁄fl
¡ÊfiW•⁄¡⁄fl. CVÊfi ⁄fl •¤¬? GM•⁄fl OÊfiÿ•⁄ ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀÈ ⁄
}⁄M•ÊVÊ ""¨»⁄flΩ »⁄flV⁄ ⁄ ffi»⁄ Dÿæ⁄fl ∑ÊfiO⁄fl @ ⁄fl≠»⁄‚¥•¤•⁄¡Ê
}ʇsÊæ⁄fl }⁄ ⁄O⁄ O¤ƒflV⁄◊Ê¡⁄s⁄ ⁄‡≠ O⁄}⁄°¬—⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. @•⁄fl ∏lo¡Ê
∑Êfi¡Ê •¤¬æÊflfi Bƒ«'' GM•⁄¡⁄fl. B•⁄¬M•⁄ ∂‘⁄◊⁄Œ⁄flo
…^⁄Δ} ⁄¡¤•⁄¡ ⁄‡ ´¤V ⁄´ ⁄¡ ÊfiÀ ⁄´ ⁄ @Æ⁄ ∞ V ⁄n o
»⁄fl ⁄—⁄fl”»⁄·¤tOʇMs⁄fl "" ⁄ ⁄≠ »⁄flV⁄ ⁄ ffi»⁄ Dÿ“ s¤OÊoÒ,
O¤ƒflV⁄ÿƒ«¶•⁄ ß¡ ⁄‡ Æ⁄¡⁄»¤Wƒ«. @»⁄´⁄´ ⁄fl ≠ ´¤´⁄fl
ʇfisʇQfi~fi¨'' GM•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄¡⁄fl.
»⁄flflM•Ê ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ Æ⁄√eÊk ∂M•⁄•⁄flß ¤ƒflQ ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄
⁄M}⁄¡⁄. O⁄yfl|∏m¤oV⁄ …Æ⁄¬fi}⁄ ʇfi»⁄‚¥. ""@¡Ê! H´¤æ⁄flfl°
⁄ ⁄VÊ? @M•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl O¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ O⁄sÊ Ê‡fit•⁄¡Ê O¤ƒflV⁄◊Êfi
Bƒ«! } ⁄O ⁄ –y»Êfi AY¤}⁄O Ê Q J◊ ⁄V¤•⁄ @»⁄´ ⁄ fl
""@»⁄·¤Ω...@Ƥ∞... ⁄ ⁄≠ O¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄fl GΔ«? H´¤W•Ê ⁄ ⁄VÊ?''
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GM•⁄fl OÊfiÿ•⁄ ⁄fl. »⁄fl¡⁄flO⁄–y @»⁄ ⁄ @»⁄flΩ Vʇfi◊ʇfi GM•⁄fl @◊⁄}ʇs⁄W•⁄¡Ê }⁄M•Ê »⁄·¤}⁄√ ""B ⁄fl≠ »⁄flflM•Ê fi ⁄fl
O⁄–yO⁄–y»⁄„ ffi»⁄ ⁄•⁄ d}Ê O⁄fl“° »⁄·¤s⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl »⁄flV⁄‡, A•⁄¡Ê ‘Ê•⁄¡⁄∑Êfis⁄ •Êfi…√•¤ß Ê ∏s⁄Ƥ∞'' GM•⁄¡⁄fl.
’fiVÊ À¤À⁄ }⁄ @MV⁄»ÊÁO⁄ƒ¿OÊQ J◊⁄V¤•⁄ ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄, B ⁄‡≠ GMl Êæ⁄fl }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄fl …•¤¿£%. _V⁄¡Êæ⁄flM}Ê
⁄fl¡⁄flO¤W Ks¤s⁄fl~°•⁄ß ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀÈVÊ V¤ΔO⁄fl_%æÊflfi V⁄~æ⁄·¤øfl}⁄fl. »⁄flV⁄ ⁄⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄‡QΔVÊ O⁄¡Ê•Ê‡æ⁄flfl¿»⁄‚¥•⁄fl
O⁄Œ⁄o»¤V⁄fl}⁄°•ÊM•⁄fl A}⁄´⁄ }⁄M•Ê —⁄‡QΔ¨M•⁄ ´¤≈ÊQfi ‘ÊeÊg •⁄‡¡⁄•⁄Δ«•⁄ß ∑¤tVÊæ⁄fl »⁄fl´ÊVÊ »¤—⁄°»⁄¿»⁄´⁄fl≠
∂•⁄≈¤øfl“•⁄¡⁄fl. À¤≈¤—⁄»⁄flæ⁄fl•⁄Δ« ÀË^¤ƒæ⁄flOÊQ ‘ʇfiV⁄∑ÊfiO¤•⁄¡Ê, JM•Êfi O⁄sÊ O⁄flÿ}⁄fl ∑Êfi—⁄¡⁄»¤•¤V⁄
—⁄fl»⁄flΩ Ê J»ÊflΩ …fl—⁄flO¤t »ÊflÁ ‘⁄V⁄fl¡⁄»⁄·¤tOʇ◊⁄Ÿ∑ÊfiO¤•⁄¡⁄Ê ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ B}⁄¡⁄¡⁄ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl @V⁄}⁄¿»¤W}⁄fl°. AV⁄
A}⁄ ⁄ }⁄M•Ê ∑Êfi¡Ê •¤¬O¤y•Ê ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ WM}⁄ G¡⁄s⁄fl }⁄¡⁄V⁄~ »⁄flflM¶•⁄ß }⁄ ⁄≠ »⁄flV⁄◊⁄ Ê≠fi »Ê‡¡Ê‘ʇfiV⁄∑ÊfiO¤øfl}⁄fl.
A}⁄ AOÊæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ O⁄¡Ê•⁄fl ""»⁄flV⁄◊Êfi, ⁄≠ }⁄»⁄flΩ¨VÊ A—⁄¡Êæ⁄·¤W fi ⁄‡ @»⁄ ⁄ }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄fl≈Ê«fi K•⁄fl»Êæ⁄·¤? •⁄æ⁄fl…lflo
BM¶¨M•⁄ fi ⁄fl GMl Êfi }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« K•⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl'' GM•⁄ ⁄fl. AOÊæ⁄·¤•⁄¡Ê‡fi G¡⁄s⁄fl »⁄·¤~ƒ«•Ê @Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄·¤~VÊ
JØ∞OʇMs⁄◊⁄fl. }⁄ ⁄≠ }⁄»⁄flΩ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ }¤øflWM}⁄ …flW≈¤W ʇfitOʇMs⁄◊⁄fl. »⁄fl Êæ⁄fl»⁄¡⁄fl }⁄ ⁄V¤W Æ⁄s⁄fl~°¡⁄fl»⁄
O⁄Œ⁄o»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ⁄¡ÊfiÀÈ O⁄‡s¤ @¢⁄%»⁄·¤tOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl. " ⁄ ⁄VÊ O¤Δƒ«' GM∂ »⁄·¤}⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄fl¡Ê}⁄fl @Æ⁄∞ Æ⁄•Êfi Æ⁄•Êfi
‘Êfi◊⁄fl~°•⁄ß ""•Êfi…√•¤ß Ê ∏s⁄Ƥ∞'' GM∂ »⁄·¤}⁄ ⁄fl≠ Ê ⁄Ø—⁄fl}¤° À⁄√•Ê™øflM•⁄ K¶•⁄ ⁄fl.
•Êfi»⁄¡⁄ •⁄æÊflæʇfi, ’¬æ⁄fl¡⁄ AÃfi»¤%•⁄»Ê„fi ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ G—È.G—È.G≈È.“. æ⁄flΔ« }¤ƒ‡PVÊ Æ⁄√¢⁄»⁄fl
—¤§ ⁄•⁄Δ« }ÊfiV⁄%sÊæ⁄·¤•⁄ ⁄fl. O¤ƒflV⁄ÿƒ«•⁄ C ∑¤ƒO⁄ ⁄ —¤®⁄ Ê —⁄»⁄·¤d•⁄ ‘⁄ƒ»⁄¡⁄ O⁄yfl|}Ê¡Ê“}⁄fl. Æ⁄~√OÊV⁄◊⁄Δ«
—⁄fl¶ßæ⁄·¤øfl}⁄fl.
A »Êfi◊ÊVÊ ~√ ⁄O⁄√ »¤‘⁄ ⁄•⁄Δ« @s¤us⁄fl»⁄ »⁄flnoVÊ ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀÈ —⁄fl®¤¬“OʇMt•⁄ß. B}⁄¡⁄ …Œ⁄æ⁄flV⁄ÿWM}⁄
V⁄{}⁄•⁄Δ« ^¤z¤O⁄–´¤W•⁄ß C ‘⁄fls⁄flV⁄ ⁄ Æ⁄√~∫Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ O⁄Ms¤V⁄ ∫¤—⁄Q¡⁄≈¤≈È GM∂ @®¤¿Æ⁄O⁄¡⁄fl B»⁄ VÊ
—¤Qƒ¡ÈÃÆÈ ⁄ »⁄¿»⁄—ʧ »⁄·¤t“•⁄¡⁄fl. »⁄flflM•Ê Ê Ê≠>Á ⁄ Æ⁄√~œr}⁄ I.I.n.O¤≈Êfif ⁄Δ« A}⁄ VÊ O⁄MÆ⁄„¿l¡È
BMf¨æ⁄fl¬MVÈVÊ O⁄ΔOÊVÊ @»⁄O¤À⁄ •Ê‡¡⁄P}⁄fl.
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ •Ê‡¡⁄P•⁄ ∂‘⁄fl•Ê‡s⁄u —Ë∫¤V⁄¿»ÊM•⁄¡Ê æ⁄·¤¡⁄‡ @»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ Pfi◊¤W ʇfis⁄Δƒ«. JM•⁄¢⁄%•⁄Δ«
@»⁄ ⁄fl æ⁄·¤¬V⁄‡ @M}⁄‘⁄ @»⁄O¤À⁄»⁄ Ê≠fi J•⁄W—⁄Δƒ«. Ê Ê≠>Á ⁄ I.I.n. O¤≈Êfif ⁄ “∂πM¶V⁄◊⁄fl A}⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠
»⁄flV⁄fl… ⁄M}Ê Ê‡fitOʇMs⁄¡⁄fl. ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ —⁄M^¤¡⁄OÊQ @ ⁄flO⁄‡ƒ»¤V⁄Δ GM∂ JM•Êfi O¤¡⁄y¶M•⁄ As⁄ÿ}⁄
»⁄flMs⁄ÿæ⁄flfl O¤≈ÊfifVÊ Δ±⁄¥o ⁄fl≠ ‘¤P“}⁄fl. @}⁄ ⁄ ∂VÊX …ÀÊfiŒ⁄ O¤◊⁄f »⁄’—⁄fl»⁄M}Ê Δ±Èo AÆ⁄¡Êfil¬VÊ }¤Pfi}⁄fl
»⁄·¤t}⁄fl. @Œ⁄oƒ«•Ê A}⁄ ⁄ JM•Ê‡M•⁄fl _O⁄Q Vʃfl»⁄ ⁄‡≠ O¤≈Êfif ⁄Δ« •Ê‡s⁄u ‘⁄∂π•⁄M}Ê A ⁄¬—⁄≈¤øfl}⁄fl.
Æ⁄√~∫¤»⁄M}⁄¬VÊ …flfi—⁄≈¤•⁄ G≈¤« —¤Qƒ¡ÈÃÆÈV⁄◊⁄fl ´¤V⁄´⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄´⁄´⁄fl≠ ‘⁄fls⁄flPOʇMs⁄fl ∂M•⁄»⁄‚¥.
AÀ⁄æ⁄fl%»ÊM•⁄¡Ê O¤~%OÈ GM∂ I.I.n.æ⁄fl »Ê‡•⁄ƒ ¡¤¿MOÈ …•¤¿£% ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ʇM¶VÊ ‘¤—ÊoΔ ⁄ ¡⁄‡»⁄fl ⁄fl≠
‘⁄M_Oʇ◊⁄Ÿƒfl }⁄æ⁄·¤¡¤•⁄. ‘¤—ÊoΔ ⁄ »¤s⁄%´È¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ J}¤°øfl“ ÀË^¤ƒæ⁄fl eʇ}ÊW¡⁄fl»⁄ ¡⁄‡»⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊæ⁄flfl»⁄Δ«
O¤~%OÈ—⁄±⁄ƒ´¤•⁄. JM•Êfi »⁄·¤~ ⁄Δ« ‘Êfi◊⁄fl»⁄‚¥•¤•⁄¡Ê —⁄ ƒ∞»⁄„ —⁄MOʇfi ⁄Æ⁄s⁄•Ê ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ —¤≠ ⁄ ÀË ⁄•⁄
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»⁄¿»⁄—ʧæ⁄fl Ê≠ƒ« O¤~%OÈ Ê‡fitOʇMs⁄ ⁄fl.B•⁄OÊQƒ«
O⁄‰}⁄dk}Ê ‘Êfi◊⁄ƒfl @—⁄»⁄fl¢⁄%´¤W ´¤V⁄´⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄
O⁄yfl°M∏OʇMs¤V⁄ ""•Êfi…√•¤ß´Ê ∏s⁄Ƥ∞'' GM•⁄fl
‘Êfiÿ A}⁄´ ⁄ » ⁄flflR•⁄Δ « ´ ⁄V ⁄fl» ⁄¡ ⁄ÿ— ⁄fl» ⁄Δ «
—⁄±⁄ƒ´¤V⁄fl~°•⁄ß ⁄fl.
»⁄flflM•Ê I.I.n O¤≈Êfif ⁄Δ« @~ ‘Ê ⁄fl` @MO⁄
Æ⁄sÊ•⁄fl Æ⁄•⁄… Æ⁄sÊ•⁄ ¶´⁄. ´¤V⁄´⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄¨VÊ
∏fi◊ʇQs⁄flVÊ fis⁄≈ÊM•Êfi JM•⁄fl …ÀÊfiŒ⁄ —⁄»⁄·¤¡⁄M∫⁄
⁄sÊ—⁄≈¤øfl}⁄fl. @»⁄~° ⁄»⁄¡ÊVÊ J»ÊflΩæ⁄fl‡ O⁄{|fi¡⁄fl
‘¤O⁄¶•⁄ß ´¤V⁄´⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄´⁄fl @M•⁄fl »⁄·¤}⁄√ Æ⁄‚¥lo
»⁄flV⁄fl… ⁄M}Ê ∏O⁄Qÿ“ @◊⁄fl}¤°, ""¨»ÊflΩƒ«¡⁄ O⁄yflV⁄|◊⁄Δ« , ⁄s⁄»⁄ÿOÊæ⁄flΔ«, Ø√fi~æ⁄flΔ«, »Êfl ⁄fl`VÊæ⁄flΔ«, }⁄»⁄·¤ŒÊæ⁄flΔ«,
Ø—⁄fl»⁄·¤~ ⁄Δ« ⁄ ⁄≠ VÊ◊Êæ⁄fl O¤~%OÈ ⁄ JM•⁄fl ∑Ê ⁄ Êæ⁄fl —⁄∞À⁄%•⁄Δ« ´¤ ⁄fl •Êfi»⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄MsÊ. ¨»ÊflΩƒ«¡⁄ Ø√fi~VÊ
´¤ ⁄fl Ffl{. ´¤ ⁄fl …O⁄ƒ Êfi}⁄ ⁄ ÊM•⁄fl ~ÿ•⁄fl ⁄ ⁄VÊ ⁄M•⁄•⁄ …÷fi≈È Êfi¡È »⁄fl}⁄fl° ~√ ⁄O⁄√ »¤‘⁄ ⁄ Oʇl√ƒ«, A
•¤¨V⁄ÿV⁄‡ ´¤ ⁄fl Ffl{ ....'' »⁄flflM•Ê ´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ »⁄·¤}⁄flV⁄◊⁄fl ‘ʇ¡⁄s⁄Δƒ«.
—¤®¤¡⁄
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
^⁄_%“¬
¨»⁄flΩ ‘⁄~°¡⁄•⁄ —⁄¡⁄O¤¬ A—⁄∞}Ê√æ⁄flfl ¨fis⁄fl»⁄ —Êfi»ÊV⁄◊⁄ ∂VÊX ¨»⁄flΩ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl»Êfi ⁄fl? }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ«
⁄_%“¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ æ⁄·¤»⁄ D•Ê‡¿fiV⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄fl~°•¤ß Ê?
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ ‘ÊfiVÊ A}⁄Ω …À¤ —⁄ »⁄fl‡t}⁄fl?
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄fl }⁄ ⁄≠ O¤ƒflV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄◊Ê•⁄flOʇMs⁄•⁄flß ‘ÊfiVÊ?
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ VÊ @»⁄ ⁄ @O⁄Q ‘ÊfiVÊ A—⁄¡Êæ⁄·¤•⁄◊⁄fl?
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄fl ∏fi◊ʇQs⁄fl»⁄ —⁄M•⁄∫⁄%•⁄Δ« At•⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄flV⁄◊Êfi ⁄fl?
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≈ÊfiR ⁄ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
´¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄ —¤®⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ~ÿ—⁄fl»⁄ ≈ÊfiR ⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
@ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl nÆ⁄∞{ ∂¡Êøfl¬
""•Êfi…√•¤ß Ê ∏s⁄Ƥ∞'' C »⁄·¤~ ⁄ ∂VÊX »⁄flΩ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl»Êfi ⁄fl? nÆ⁄∞{ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
—⁄M•⁄À⁄% ⁄ Æ⁄√À¤≠»⁄ÿ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
…O⁄ƒ Êfi}⁄ ⁄¡¤W•⁄flßOʇMs⁄fl …ÀÊfiŒ⁄ —¤®⁄ Ê »⁄·¤t•⁄ ¤V⁄ ⁄¡ÊfiÀ⁄ ⁄M}⁄‘⁄ »⁄¿P°V⁄◊⁄fl »⁄flΩ E¡⁄Δ«æ⁄fl‡
B¡⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄ƒ«»Êfi?@»⁄¡Ê‡s⁄ Ê —⁄M•⁄À⁄% ⁄ ⁄sÊ—⁄ƒfl æʇfiV⁄¿»¤•⁄ —⁄M•⁄À⁄% ⁄ Æ⁄√À¤≠»⁄ÿ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬.
YʇfiŒ⁄y»¤O⁄¿ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“¬
…O⁄ƒ Êfi}⁄ ⁄¡⁄fl ⁄»⁄flΩ»⁄¡Ê, @»⁄¬VÊ ®ÊÁæ⁄fl% ¨fis⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl ⁄»⁄flΩ O⁄}⁄%»⁄¿»¤W•Ê. @»⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ ÆÊ„√fi}¤”’—⁄fl»⁄
YʇfiŒ⁄y »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
D•¤ :
…O⁄ƒ Êfi}⁄ ⁄¡⁄⁄ ⁄fl≠ VË¡⁄…—ʇfiy
Ø√fi~øflM•⁄ A•⁄¬—ʇfiy
»¤O⁄¿ ¡⁄_“¬
@tVÊ¡Ê G◊Ê•⁄ Æ⁄•⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ DÆ⁄æʇfiW“OʇMs⁄fl ∑Êfi¡Ê »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬.
»⁄fl¡⁄ H¡⁄fl»⁄ —⁄»⁄fl¢⁄% »⁄¿P°V⁄◊⁄Δ« W¬fiÀ⁄ ⁄‡ J∂π´¤W•⁄ß ⁄fl.
¡⁄»ÊflfiÀ⁄ ⁄fl Kl•⁄ —⁄∞®Ê%æ⁄flΔ« Vʃ«ƒfl …±⁄ƒ´¤•⁄ ⁄fl.
G~° ⁄ V¤tæ⁄flfl ¨®¤ ⁄»¤W ⁄Δ—⁄fl~°}⁄fl°.
‘⁄‡•Ê‡fil•⁄Δ« @¡⁄ÿ•⁄ ‘⁄‡V⁄◊⁄fl —⁄fl»¤—⁄ Ê ∏fi¡⁄fl~°•⁄flß»⁄‚¥.
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Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞
JM•¤ ʇM•⁄fl E¬ ⁄Δ« Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ GM∂ V⁄‰‘⁄—⁄§ •⁄ß ⁄fl. "}¤ ⁄fl ∂s⁄»⁄¬VÊ El ‘¤O⁄fl»⁄ »⁄√}⁄ ’t¶•Êßfi Ê'
GM•⁄fl @»⁄ ⁄fl d ⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ ⁄M∏“, @»⁄¬M•⁄ }⁄ ⁄≠ ®⁄»⁄fl%O¤æ⁄fl%OÊQ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl OÊfi◊⁄fl~°•⁄ß ⁄fl. d ⁄¡⁄fl @»⁄ ⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄ ⁄fl≠
⁄M∏ ‘⁄y, •⁄»⁄—⁄®¤ ⁄¿ »⁄fl}⁄fl° }⁄¡⁄O¤¬V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ •¤ ⁄»¤W Oʇs⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl.
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ¶ ⁄ }⁄¿ —⁄fl◊⁄flŸ ‘Êfiÿ —⁄MƤ¶“•⁄ ‘⁄y »⁄fl}⁄fl° A‘¤¡⁄ »⁄—⁄fl°V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄fl ÊVÊ ‘ʇ}⁄fl° }⁄¡⁄fl~°•⁄ß.
"d ⁄¡⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘ÊfiVÊ »⁄fl¡⁄fl◊⁄fl »⁄·¤t•Ê' GM•⁄fl @»⁄ ⁄fl ‘ÊMs⁄~æ⁄fl »⁄flflM•Ê ∂s¤øfl Oʇ ⁄fl`~°•⁄ß. ‘ÊMs⁄~ @»⁄ ⁄
^¤}⁄flæ⁄fl%»⁄ ⁄fl≠ »Êfl_` ‘ʇV⁄◊⁄fl~°•⁄ß◊⁄fl. BŒÊoƒ« —⁄MƤ•⁄ Ê B•⁄ß¡⁄‡ Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ »⁄fl}⁄fl° @»⁄ ⁄ ‘ÊMs⁄~ »⁄fl‘¤
fÆ⁄‚¥y¡¤W•⁄ß¡⁄fl. ∂s⁄»⁄¡⁄fl @»⁄¡⁄ »⁄fl Ê ∑¤WΔVÊ ElOÊQ ∂M•⁄¡Ê }⁄Ø∞æ⁄fl‡ JM•⁄fl }⁄fl}⁄fl° @ ⁄≠ ‘¤O⁄fl~°¡⁄Δƒ«.
V⁄Ms⁄‘ÊMs⁄~æ⁄fl¡⁄fl @»⁄¬VÊ H´¤•⁄¡⁄‡ Ê»⁄ ‘Êfiÿ —¤V⁄‘¤O⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡⁄fl.
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ∑Êfit }⁄M•⁄ @PQ, •⁄»⁄—⁄®¤ ⁄¿V⁄◊⁄Δ« JM¶Œ⁄o ⁄fl≠ »⁄·¤}⁄√ ∂◊⁄“, Dÿ•⁄•⁄ß ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄¬ ⁄æ⁄fl•⁄
@MV⁄tæ⁄fl»⁄ VÊ »⁄·¤¬, —¤O⁄Œ⁄flo ‘⁄y O⁄‡tno•⁄ß. @»⁄ ⁄fl æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•Êfi }ʇM•⁄¡Ê Bƒ«•Ê ffi»⁄ ⁄ —¤W—⁄∂‘⁄fl¶}⁄fl°.
A•⁄¡⁄‡ ¶ ⁄ }⁄¿ »⁄fl Ê»⁄fl ÊVÊ •¤ ⁄ ∑Êfis⁄ƒfl ‘ʇfiV⁄fl»⁄ O¤æ⁄flO⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄√ ∏no¡⁄Δƒ«.
—⁄…flfiÆ⁄•⁄ JM•⁄fl E¬ ⁄Δ« ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ GM∂ ∂fl¶™»⁄M}⁄ •⁄ß ⁄fl. @»⁄ ⁄fl GM}⁄‘⁄ fÆ⁄‚¥y ⁄ ∂ÿæ⁄fl‡ El
Wno—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄¡⁄Δ« ¨Æ⁄‚¥y´¤W•⁄ß. Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ Pfi~% @»⁄ ⁄ P…VÊ ∏}⁄fl°. @»⁄ M•⁄ƒ‡ JM•⁄fl ‘ʇ~° ⁄ El
»⁄—⁄‡Δ »⁄·¤t ∂¡⁄fl}Ê°fi ÊM•⁄fl ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ‘ʇ¡⁄l.
∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄fl Ê ∑¤WΔVÊ }⁄ƒflØ•¤V⁄ »⁄fl®¤¿‘⁄≠ O⁄◊ʶ}⁄fl°. Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ AV⁄ }¤ Ê El »⁄flflW“
…¡⁄…fl—⁄fl~°•⁄ß. ∑¤Wƒfl }⁄no•⁄ À⁄∂ß OÊfiÿ @—⁄‘⁄ ÊøflM•⁄ ∑¤Wƒfl }Ê¡Ê•⁄. ∑¤Wƒ ∂ÿ M}⁄ ∂s⁄»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ ʇfit
""æ⁄·¤¡⁄æ⁄·¤¿ ¨fi ⁄fl! C ‘ʇ~° ⁄Δ« B≈Ê«fi ⁄fl »⁄·¤s⁄fl~°¶ßfi?'' GM•⁄fl …^¤¬“•⁄. ""@æ⁄·¤¿, ¨fi»⁄‚¥ »⁄fl‘¤•¤¨
GM•⁄fl OÊfiÿ•Êßfi Ê. ‘⁄“•⁄fl ∂M¶¡⁄fl»⁄ C ∂s⁄»⁄ VÊ JM•⁄fl }⁄fl}⁄fl° El ‘¤P'' GM•⁄fl ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ OÊfiÿOʇMs⁄.
""@æʇ¿fi, ¤ ⁄fl ¶´¤ ‘⁄}⁄fl° »⁄flM¶ ∂s⁄»⁄¬VÊ El ‘¤O⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê. fi»⁄‚¥ ∂¡⁄fl»¤V⁄ }⁄s⁄»¤øfl}⁄fl. ¤ ⁄fl
B»⁄~° ⁄ ‘⁄}⁄fl° d ⁄¬VÊ El Oʇm¤oW•Ê. El ∑ÊfiP•⁄ß¡Ê ¤◊Ê ∑ÊfiV⁄ ∂¨≠. El ‘¤O⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê'' GM•⁄fl Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞
‘Êfiÿ•⁄. B•⁄fl Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ Gƒ«¬V⁄‡ ‘Êfi◊⁄fl»⁄ —⁄fl◊¤ŸW}⁄fl°. @»⁄ ⁄ @∫¤¿—⁄ ~ÿ¶•⁄ß E¬ ⁄»⁄¡⁄fl æ⁄·¤¡⁄‡ @»⁄ ⁄
∂ÿ El OÊfi◊⁄ƒfl ∂¡⁄fl~°¡⁄Δƒ«. Æ⁄¡⁄•ÊfiÀ⁄¶M•⁄ ∂M•⁄ •¤¬‘ʇfiO⁄¡⁄fl El OÊfi◊⁄ƒfl »⁄fl¡⁄ÿ ∂¡⁄≈¤¡⁄¡⁄fl
GM•⁄fl @»⁄ ⁄ ≈ÊO¤Q^¤¡⁄»¤W}⁄fl°.
∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ —⁄fl»⁄flΩ Ê ‘ʇ¡⁄lfl ‘ʇfi•⁄. A•⁄¡Ê @»⁄ ⁄fl @Œ⁄flo —⁄flƒ∫⁄OÊQ —ʇfi≈ʇÆ⁄‚ ∞»⁄ A—¤…flæ⁄·¤W¡⁄Δƒ«.
»⁄fl¡⁄fl¶ ⁄ »⁄fl®¤¿‘⁄≠OÊQ »Ê‡•⁄≈Êfi ∂M•⁄fl Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄fl Êæ⁄fl ∑¤Wƒfl }⁄no•⁄. ""@æ⁄·¤¿, ¨fi»⁄‚¥ ‘Êfiÿ•⁄M}Ê
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BM•⁄fl ¤ ⁄fl ∑ÊfiV⁄ ∂M¶•Êßfi Ê. B•⁄fl»⁄¡ÊVÊ »⁄flΩ ‘⁄}⁄fl° ∂s⁄»⁄¡⁄Δ« æ⁄·¤¡⁄‡ ElOÊQ ∂M•⁄‘¤Wƒ«. ⁄ ⁄VÊ El
‘¤P ¨»⁄flΩ ¨}⁄¿»⁄√}⁄ CsÊfi¬“'' GM•⁄fl … ⁄»⁄fl√»¤W ‘Êfiÿ•⁄.
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ •⁄MV¤W M}⁄. B•⁄fl»⁄¡ÊVÊ æ⁄·¤¡⁄‡ @»⁄ ⁄ »⁄fl ÊVÊ G¡⁄s⁄ Êæ⁄fl ∑¤¬ El OÊfi◊⁄ƒfl ∂M¶¡⁄Δƒ«.
C}⁄ »⁄fl®¤¿‘⁄≠OÊQ »Ê‡•⁄≈Êfi ∂M¶¡⁄fl»⁄ O¤¡⁄y ∂s⁄»⁄¡⁄ }⁄¿ —⁄»⁄·¤¡¤®⁄ Ê »⁄flflW¶•Ê GM•⁄fl —¤V⁄‘¤O⁄fl»⁄M~¡⁄Δƒ«.
‘¤VÊM•⁄fl C »Ê‡Ms⁄fl »⁄¿P°VÊ El ‘¤O⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄‡ @»⁄ VÊ BŒ⁄o…¡⁄Δƒ«. @»⁄ ⁄ }⁄≈Êæ⁄flΔ« JM•⁄fl DƤæ⁄fl
‘ʇ◊Êøfl}⁄fl.
""@æ⁄·¤¿, Ê≠ ¡¤~√ ⁄ ⁄≠ Æ⁄~≠ d ¡⁄¶M•⁄ ‘¤“VÊ ’t¶•¤ß◊Ê. @»⁄ÿ ⁄‡≠ Êfi}⁄¬“OʇMtƒ«. ’fiV¤W ⁄ ⁄≠
¨}⁄¿ —⁄»⁄·¤¡¤®⁄ ⁄Êæ⁄fl »⁄√}⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ @»⁄◊⁄fl V⁄fly»¤V⁄fl»⁄ }⁄ ⁄O⁄ »⁄flflM•⁄‡t•Êßfi Ê. •⁄æ⁄fl…lflo Oʃ»⁄‚¥ ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ O¤ƒ
∂¡⁄≈Êfi∑Êfit'' GM•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄. ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞¨VÊ B•⁄fl ´¤lO⁄ GM•⁄fl ~ÿ¶}⁄fl°. A•⁄¡⁄‡ »⁄flflR•⁄Δ« O⁄◊⁄»⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl}⁄fl°
—⁄M}¤Æ⁄•⁄ ∫¤»⁄ }ʇfi¬“•⁄. ""—¤ …flfi , »⁄flΩ »⁄fl Êæ⁄·¤OÊæ⁄fl A¡Ê‡fiV⁄¿ OÊno¡⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl •⁄flNR•⁄ —⁄MV⁄~. ‘¤VÊM•⁄fl
∂s⁄»⁄¬VÊ El ‘¤O⁄fl»⁄ }⁄¿»⁄√}⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∏lflo∏s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl‘¤Æ¤Æ⁄. »⁄flVÊ ¤ ⁄fl —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl »⁄·¤s⁄∂≈Ê«. ¤ ⁄fl
@s⁄flVÊ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄¡⁄Δ« Æ⁄‚¥y. ⁄‡¡¤¡⁄fl d ⁄¬V⁄‡ El }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“ ∂t—⁄∂≈Ê«. }⁄¿ —⁄»⁄·¤¡¤®⁄ Ê }⁄æ⁄·¤¬—⁄ƒfl
´¤ ⁄fl —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl »⁄·¤s⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê''GM•⁄.
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞¨VÊ ∑Êfi¡Êfi´⁄‡ —⁄∂‡∂fl ‘Êfi◊⁄ƒfl —¤®⁄¥¿…¡⁄Δƒ«. "C P¬P¬æ⁄fl »⁄fl´⁄flŒ⁄¿¨M•⁄ El
}⁄æ⁄·¤¬“OʇMs⁄fl @ ⁄M}⁄¡⁄ @»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘ÊfiV¤•⁄¡⁄fl —¤V⁄‘¤O⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê' GM•⁄fl »⁄fl ⁄“” ⁄≈Ê«fi ¨®⁄%¬“•⁄. ""@æ⁄·¤¿
¨fi»⁄‚¥ ∂M¶¡⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl ⁄ ⁄≠ ∫¤V⁄¿»Êfi —⁄¬. ∂¨≠ J◊⁄VÊ ∂¨≠'' GM•⁄fl @»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ @s⁄flVÊ OʇfizÊVÊ O⁄¡Ê•Ê‡æ⁄flß. @»⁄¡⁄fl
J◊⁄VÊ ∂M•¤V⁄ »⁄fl Êæ⁄·¤OÊ ‘¤“VÊæ⁄flΔ« »⁄flfl—⁄flO⁄fl G◊Ê•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ∏¶ß•⁄ß◊⁄fl.
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄fl Êæ⁄flΔ« @s⁄flVÊVÊ ∑ÊfiO¤W¡⁄fl»⁄‚¥•Êƒ« ®¤¡¤◊⁄»¤W B}⁄fl°. @»⁄ ⁄fl A ¶ ⁄ }¤ Êfi ∑Êfit
}⁄M¶•⁄ß ‘⁄“ }⁄¡⁄O¤¬V⁄◊⁄‡ B•⁄flß»⁄‚¥. ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ @s⁄flVÊæ⁄flΔ« G~°•⁄ OÊÁ. @»⁄ ⁄fl ‘⁄ƒ»¤¡⁄fl ¡⁄fl_O⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄ ∫⁄O⁄–=¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
»⁄·¤t•⁄. Oʇ ÊVÊ ∑¤•¤…fl, VÊfi¡⁄fl ∏fid ‘¤P À¤…VÊ Æ¤æ⁄fl—⁄»⁄ ⁄‡≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“•⁄. Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ @»⁄ VÊ —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl
»⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄ ÊÆ⁄•⁄Δ« @s⁄flVÊ OʇfizÊæ⁄fl≈Ê«fi M~•⁄ß. C }⁄≈Ê~¡⁄flO⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ ‘ÊfiVÊ Kt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•ÊM∂fl•Êfi @»⁄ ⁄ }⁄≈Êæ⁄flΔ«
Oʇ¡Êæ⁄flfl~°}⁄fl°. B}⁄° @s⁄flVÊ }⁄æ⁄·¤¡¤V⁄fl»⁄ ‘ʇ~°VÊ @»⁄ ⁄ }⁄≈Êæ⁄flΔ« JM•⁄fl DƤæ⁄fl ‘ʇ◊Êøfl}⁄fl. ""@æ⁄·¤¿,
¨»⁄flΩ —⁄‘⁄O¤¡⁄¶M•⁄ El }⁄æ⁄·¤¡¤øfl}⁄fl. A•⁄¡Ê ElOÊQ G≈Ê Bƒ«. •⁄æ⁄fl…lflo »⁄·¤¡⁄flO⁄mÊoøflM•⁄ ´¤ƒflQ
G≈Ê }⁄ ≠'' GM•⁄fl ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ OÊÁVÊ JM•⁄fl O¤—⁄fl Oʇlo. ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ O¤—⁄fl ’t•⁄fl G≈Ê }⁄¡⁄ƒfl ‘ʇfi•⁄. ""≈Êfi
AVʇfi•Ê≈¤« J◊ÊŸæ⁄fl•⁄OÊQfi. A »⁄fl‡R% ⁄»⁄flV¤W J◊ÊŸæ⁄fl @s⁄flVÊ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬“•¤ß Ê. ¶´¤ ⁄»⁄flVÊ BM}⁄‘⁄ J∑ʇπ∂π
»⁄fl‡R% “V⁄fl~°•⁄ß¡Ê Ê ¤≠W}⁄fl°. CV⁄ @»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ G≈Ê }⁄¡⁄ƒfl O⁄ÿ“•Êßfi Ê. ∑¤Wƒfl »⁄flfl_` @»⁄ ⁄ ⁄fl≠ Kt—⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl,
A•⁄¡Ê @•⁄fl —⁄¬‘ʇfiV⁄fl»⁄‚¥¶ƒ«. }¤´¤W ‘ʇ¡⁄lfl ‘ʇfiV⁄fl»⁄M}Ê »⁄·¤s⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. ⁄ ⁄VʇM•⁄fl DƤæ⁄fl ‘ʇ◊ʶ•Ê.
@»⁄ ⁄fl »⁄fl ÊVÊ ∂¡⁄fl}⁄°≈Êfi ´¤…∂π¡⁄‡ dV⁄◊⁄ »⁄·¤sʇfiy, ´¤ ⁄fl ¨ ⁄VÊ ‘ʇsÊ•⁄M}Ê »⁄·¤s⁄fl}Ê°fi Ê. ¨fi ⁄fl ∑ʇ∑Êπ
‘¤O⁄fl, O⁄‡V⁄fl, @¡⁄ ⁄fl. ⁄»⁄flΩ dV⁄◊⁄ ʇfit @»⁄ VÊ ∑Êfi—⁄¡⁄»¤W ‘ʇ¡⁄lfl ‘ʇfiV⁄fl}¤° Ê. A»Êflfi≈Ê ´¤…∂π¡Êfi
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O⁄flÿ}⁄fl ∏“ El »⁄·¤s⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl'' GM•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄.
}⁄fl—⁄fl ‘ʇ~° ⁄Δ« ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ G≈Ê ’t•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ∂M•⁄. @»⁄ ⁄fl »⁄fl Êæ⁄fl »Êflloƒfl ‘⁄}⁄fl°»⁄‚¥•⁄ ⁄fl≠ PnPøflM•⁄
ʇfit•⁄ Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ‘ÊMs⁄~VÊ —⁄ Ê≠ »⁄·¤t•⁄. ‘ÊMs⁄~ V⁄Mlƒfl ‘⁄¬æ⁄flfl»⁄M}Ê ∑ʇ∑Êπ ‘ʇsÊ•⁄◊⁄fl. ""¨fi»⁄‚¥
∂s⁄»⁄¬VÊ El ‘¤P »⁄fl Ê S¤Δ »⁄·¤s⁄fl~°¶ßfi¬. ¤ ⁄fl ‘¤“VÊ ’t•¤V⁄ƒ‡ »⁄flΩ ‘¤◊⁄fl »⁄√}⁄ ⁄sÊæ⁄fl∑ÊfiOÊ?
¨»⁄flVÊ ´¤_OÊ AV⁄∑ÊfiO⁄fl. ‘ʇmÊo∑¤O⁄¬VÊ El‘¤P ‘ÊMs⁄~ »⁄flO⁄Q◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∏fi¶ Ƥ≈¤W »⁄·¤s⁄fl~°¶ßfi¬'' GM•⁄fl
@¡⁄ ⁄}ʇs⁄W•⁄◊⁄fl.
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""O⁄flƒVÊlo ‘ÊMV⁄—Ê ! ´¤ ⁄fl »⁄√}⁄ »⁄·¤t¡⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl O⁄flƒ•⁄ D•¤™¡⁄O¤QW'' GM•⁄fl •⁄ æÊflfi¬“ G¡⁄s⁄‡ OÊÁV⁄ÿM•⁄
ʃOÊQ ¡⁄Æ⁄¡⁄Æ⁄ Ê ‘ʇsÊ•⁄. ‘ÊMs⁄~ }⁄ ⁄VÊfi Hlfl ∏}⁄fl° G ⁄fl≠»⁄M}Ê @¡⁄_•⁄◊⁄fl. ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ∏fi¶æ⁄flΔ« M}⁄flOʇMsÊfi
B»⁄¬∂π¡⁄ dV⁄◊⁄ OÊfiÿ•⁄. ⁄s⁄fl»Ê »⁄fl‡V⁄fl }⁄‡¬—⁄•Ê »Êfl}⁄°VÊ »⁄fl Êæʇ◊⁄VÊ ⁄sÊ•⁄fl @lo•⁄ »Êflfi≈Êfi¬ O⁄flÿ}⁄.
}⁄fl—⁄fl ‘ʇ~° ⁄ ∂ÿO⁄ Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞¨VÊ J•⁄¡¤t Aæ⁄·¤—⁄»¤W V⁄Mlƒfl fi»⁄‚¥}⁄° ‘ʇ¡⁄VÊ ∂M•⁄. ∑¤WƒΔ«
@~£ B¡⁄Δƒ«. ‘ʇ¡⁄VÊ ByflP ʇfit•⁄. @~£ O¤{—⁄Δƒ«. —⁄M}ʇfiŒ⁄¶M•⁄ ∑¤Wƒfl »⁄flfl_` _ƒO⁄ dt•⁄.
‘ÊMs⁄~VÊ —⁄fl¶ß ~ÿ“•⁄. ""Oʇ ÊV⁄‡ ‘¤◊⁄fl A—¤…flæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ Kt“•Ê»⁄‚¥. A¡¤»⁄fl»¤W ∫ʇfid ⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄∂‘⁄fl•⁄fl.''
GM•⁄ ⁄fl. @Œ⁄o¡⁄Δ« ‘ÊMs⁄~ ƒV⁄fl∂VÊøflM•⁄ ∂mÊo ∂•⁄Δ“OʇMs⁄fl ∂M•⁄◊⁄fl. ʃ•⁄Δ« G¡⁄s⁄fl G≈Ê ‘¤P El
∂t“•⁄◊⁄fl.
B•Êƒ«»⁄ ⁄fl≠ @lo•⁄Δ« O⁄flÿ}⁄fl ʇfis⁄fl~°•⁄ß ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ OÊ◊⁄VÊ ‘¤¡⁄ƒfl —⁄»⁄flæ⁄fl O¤æ⁄flfl~°•⁄ß. Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞
""≈Êfi, ´¤ ⁄fl ʇfi»⁄‚¥ »⁄·¤s⁄•Êfi ¨ ⁄VÊ ‘ʇsÊ•⁄•⁄flß Ê ¤≠W¡⁄Δƒ«»Êfi?'' GM•⁄fl OÊfiÿ•⁄. ""´¤ ⁄fl O⁄{|fi¡⁄fl ‘¤O⁄•Êfi
@}⁄°•⁄flß V⁄»⁄flΩ}¤°W¡⁄Δƒ«»Êfi?'' GM•⁄fl ‘ÊMs⁄~æ⁄fl‡ ‘Ê»ÊflΩøflM•⁄ ‘Êfiÿ•⁄◊⁄fl.
""´¤ ⁄fl El ∏s⁄•Ê »⁄fl¡⁄ÿ ∂M¶•⁄flß Gƒ«PQM}⁄ V⁄»⁄flΩ}⁄fl° @ƒ«»Êfi'' G ⁄fl≠}⁄° ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ @lo¶M•⁄ OÊ◊⁄VÊ
ÊVÊ•⁄. Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ »⁄fl}⁄fl° @»⁄ ⁄ ‘ÊMs⁄~ V⁄¡⁄∂t•⁄»⁄¡⁄M}Ê O⁄flÿ}⁄¡⁄fl. ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ }⁄ ⁄VʇM•⁄fl G≈Ê ‘¤P ∂t“OʇMs⁄.
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞¨M•⁄ El Wno“OʇMs⁄ Rflœæ⁄flΔ« V⁄»⁄flΩ}¤°W ∫ʇfid ⁄ »⁄·¤t•⁄.
^⁄lfl»⁄nOÊV⁄◊⁄fl
K¶¬
BŒ⁄o»¤•⁄ ∫¤V⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄¡⁄V⁄~æ⁄flΔ« ∑¤æÊflß¡Êæ⁄·¤W K¶¬.
^⁄_%“¬
"»⁄M ⁄ Ê æ⁄·¤»¤V⁄ƒ‡ ⁄sÊæ⁄fl•⁄fl'C »⁄·¤~ ⁄ ∂VÊX »⁄flΩ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄fl»Êfi ⁄fl? ⁄_%“¬.
D}⁄°¬“¬
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄fl d ⁄¬M•⁄ æ⁄·¤»⁄‚¥•⁄O¤QW —⁄‘¤æ⁄fl OÊfi◊⁄fl~°•⁄ß ⁄fl?
∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄fl Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄fl ÊVÊ ∂M•⁄fl H ÊM•⁄fl OÊfiÿ•⁄ ⁄fl?
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄fl »⁄fl Ê∑¤WΔVÊ ElOÊQ ∂M•⁄»⁄¡Ê‡s⁄ Ê ‘Êfi◊⁄fl»⁄ —⁄fl◊⁄flŸ H´¤W}⁄fl°?
∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄fl G≈Ê ’t•⁄flOʇMs⁄fl ∂M•¤V⁄ Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ »⁄fl}⁄fl° @»⁄ ⁄ ‘ÊMs⁄~ »⁄·¤t•⁄ DƤæ⁄fl»Êfi ⁄fl?
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—⁄M∫¤Œ⁄zÊ ¡⁄_“¬
Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄fl ÊVÊ ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ∂M•¤V⁄ @»⁄¡Ê‡◊⁄VÊ ⁄sÊ•⁄ »⁄·¤}⁄flO⁄}Êæ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ —⁄M∫¤Œ⁄y ¡⁄‡Æ⁄•⁄Δ« ∂¡Êøfl¬.
—⁄M•⁄∫⁄% ∂¡Êøfl¬
""≈Êfi, ¤ ⁄fl ʇfi»⁄‚¥ »⁄·¤s⁄•Êfi ⁄VÊ ‘ʇsÊ•⁄•⁄flß Ê ¤≠W¡⁄Δƒ«»Êfi?'' C »⁄·¤~ ⁄ —⁄M•⁄∫⁄%»⁄ ⁄fl≠ …»⁄¬“¬.
E’“ ∂¡Êøfl¬
∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ @lo•⁄Δ« @s⁄W O⁄flÿ}⁄flOʇMs⁄•⁄flß Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞¨VÊ O¤yfl~°•⁄ß¡Ê H´¤V⁄fl~°}⁄fl?° E’“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
»¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬
BΔ« fis⁄≈¤•⁄ »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄Δ« @tVÊ¡Ê G◊Ê•⁄ Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄fl ¤»⁄fl…ÀÊfiŒ⁄yV⁄◊¤W»Ê. C ¬fi~ B}⁄¡⁄
´¤»⁄fl…ÀÊfiŒ⁄yV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂◊⁄“OʇMs⁄fl ∑Êfi¡Ê »¤O⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ¡⁄_“¬.
C »Ê‡Ms⁄fl »⁄¿P°VÊ El ‘¤O⁄ƒfl @»⁄ VÊ BŒ⁄o…¡⁄Δƒ«.
∂fl¶™»⁄M}⁄ ¤•⁄ ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ Oʇs⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞ ⁄ »⁄fl ÊVÊ ElOÊQ ∂M•⁄ ⁄fl.
≈ÊfiR ⁄ _‘Ê≠V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂◊⁄“¬
≈ÊfiR ⁄ _‘Ê≠V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∂◊⁄“OʇMs⁄fl OÊ◊⁄W ⁄ Ƥ¡¤»⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄¬Æ⁄t“ ∂¡Êøfl¬.
@æ⁄·¤¿ ¨ Ê≠ ¡¤~√ ⁄ ⁄≠ Æ⁄~≠ d ¡⁄¶M•⁄ ‘¤“VÊ ’t¶•¤ß◊Ê @»⁄ÿ ⁄‡≠ Êfi}⁄¬“OʇMtƒ« ’fiV¤W
⁄ ⁄≠ }⁄¿ —⁄»⁄·¤¡¤®⁄ Êæ⁄fl »⁄√}⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ @»⁄ÿVÊ V⁄fly»¤V⁄fl»⁄}⁄ ⁄O⁄ »⁄flflM•⁄‡t•Êßfi Ê ’fiV¤W •⁄æ⁄fl…lflo
Oʃ»⁄‚¥ ¶ ⁄V⁄◊⁄ O¤ƒ ∂¡⁄≈Êfi∑Êfit GM•⁄fl ‘Êfiÿ•⁄ ∏s⁄•⁄Æ⁄∞¨VÊ B•⁄fl ´¤lO⁄»ÊM•⁄fl ~ÿ¶}⁄fl°.
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O⁄ΔO¤ —¤®⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl
AΔ“ K¶ ~ÿ•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄O⁄%∂•⁄™»¤W …ÀÊ«fiœ“ —⁄ M}⁄ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »¤_O⁄»¤W »⁄fl}⁄fl°
ΔT}⁄»¤W Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
V⁄•⁄¿-Æ⁄•⁄¿V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl —⁄∞Œ⁄o}ÊæʇM¶VÊ ¡⁄V⁄%◊⁄»¤W »⁄fl}⁄fl° —⁄fl∞l}ÊæʇM¶VÊ K•⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄
AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∑¤æÊflß¡Êæ⁄·¤W »⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄•⁄V⁄◊⁄fl, Æ⁄•⁄Æ⁄√æʇfiV⁄V⁄◊⁄fl, V¤•ÊV⁄◊⁄fl, ÀÊÁΔV⁄◊⁄fl »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ ∫¤Œ¤ Y⁄lO⁄V⁄◊⁄´⁄fl≠ @◊⁄»⁄t“
—⁄M•⁄∫¤%´⁄fl—¤¡⁄»¤W »⁄·¤}⁄´¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. —⁄ M}⁄ ¡⁄^⁄´ÊV⁄◊⁄Δ« @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄´⁄fl≠ —⁄M•⁄∫¤%´⁄fl—¤¡⁄»¤W
DÆ⁄æʇfiW—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
d ⁄Æ⁄•⁄Wfi}Ê, O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄, ∫¤»⁄ GM∏»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ A—¤ ¶—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl, }¤◊⁄•Ê‡M¶VÊ ∫¤»⁄ ¤}⁄ΩO⁄»¤W
‘¤t »⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. O⁄Mp⁄Ƥp⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄ M}⁄ @ª¡⁄fl_VÊ }⁄O⁄QM}Ê O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}Ê, ¤lO⁄, Æ⁄√»¤—⁄O⁄¢⁄ ⁄ »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ …ª ⁄≠ …∫¤V⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« J◊⁄VʇMs⁄
Æ⁄‚¥—⁄°O⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ K•⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° K¶ ~ÿ•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ……®⁄ ¬fi~æ⁄flΔ« Æ⁄√O⁄lÆ⁄t—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄¬_}⁄»¤•⁄ …Œ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄—⁄fl°»¤W¬“OʇMs⁄fl O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}Ê »Ê‡•⁄≈¤•⁄ —⁄‰d´¤}⁄ΩO⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠
»⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
…ª ⁄≠ ¬fi~æ⁄fl »⁄¿»⁄‘¤¡⁄ ¡⁄‡Æ⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄æ⁄·¤¬—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl. @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄M_OÊ, ª~°Æ⁄~√OÊ, ‘⁄—⁄°Æ⁄~√OÊ,
¨æ⁄fl}⁄O¤ΔO⁄V⁄◊⁄Δ« Æ⁄√O⁄n—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄‰d´¤}⁄ΩO⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ K¶, @»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ Æ⁄√®¤ ⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄fl OÊs⁄•⁄M}Ê —⁄MP–Æ⁄°»¤W ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
O⁄¢Ê, O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄Δ« O⁄¢¤Æ¤}⁄√V⁄◊⁄ »⁄·¤ ⁄“O⁄ “§~, @»⁄‚¥V⁄ÿW¡⁄fl»⁄ —¤§ ⁄ B}¤¿¶V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~“ ∑¤æÊflß¡Êæ⁄·¤W
»⁄fl}⁄fl° ΔT}⁄»¤W Ƥ}⁄√_}⁄√y »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
……®⁄ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Mp⁄Ƥp⁄ »⁄·¤t —⁄‡O⁄°»¤•⁄ ¡¤V⁄, }¤◊⁄V⁄◊ʇM¶VÊ ∫¤»⁄Æ⁄„y%»¤W ‘¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄ M}⁄ AÀ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ÃŒ⁄o∫¤ŒÊæ⁄flΔ« }⁄Ø∞ƒ«•Ê ∂¡Êæ⁄flfl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
—⁄‰d´¤}⁄ΩO⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ∫¤»⁄»⁄ ⁄fl≠ @¢Ê%Á“OʇMs⁄fl ¤lO⁄, ∫¤»¤ª ⁄æ⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° »⁄fl‡O¤∏ ⁄æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
K¶•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ …ÀÊ«fiœ“ }⁄ ⁄≠ @ªÆ¤√æ⁄flV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ ∫¤Œ⁄y, Æ⁄√∂M®⁄ »⁄fl}⁄fl° ⁄ Ê%V⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
Æ⁄¬_}⁄»¤•⁄ O⁄…}ÊV⁄◊⁄Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ ∏M∂O⁄ƒ∞ Ê, »⁄y% Ê GM∏»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ V⁄fl¡⁄fl~—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl »⁄fl}⁄fl° »¤_O⁄»¤W
»⁄flMt—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
•⁄‰À⁄¿-À¤√»⁄¿ »⁄·¤®⁄¥¿»⁄flV⁄◊⁄ »⁄fl‡ƒO⁄ V⁄ÿ“•⁄ …^¤¡⁄V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ }⁄ ⁄≠ ¡⁄ ⁄ Êæ⁄flΔ« ∂◊⁄—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
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@¢⁄%OʇfiÀ⁄
@@M∂¡⁄ - AO¤À⁄, ∂mÊo
@M∑ʇfiy - ‘ÊfiÿOÊ
@M}⁄—⁄fl° - »⁄fl‘⁄t, »⁄fllo
@M}⁄®¤% ⁄ - »⁄·¤æ⁄fl»¤V⁄fl…OÊ
@~À⁄æʇfiP° - —⁄ ƒ∞»⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄fl‘⁄}⁄°¡⁄»¤W »⁄·¤t ‘Êfi◊⁄fl
@~fi»⁄ - }⁄flM∑¤, ∂‘⁄◊⁄
@ ⁄≠O⁄ - »⁄¡ÊVÊ, }⁄ ⁄O⁄
@ ⁄fl»⁄fl~ - JØ∞VÊ, Æ⁄¡⁄»¤¨VÊ
@´¤‘⁄fl}⁄ - }ʇM•⁄¡Ê, OÊfis⁄fl
@Y⁄¥¿% - •Êfi»⁄}ÊV⁄ÿV⁄‡, Æ⁄„d¿¬V⁄‡ OÊÁ }ʇ◊Êæ⁄flƒfl Oʇs⁄fl»⁄ fi¡⁄fl.
@ƒV⁄fl - Aæ⁄flfl®⁄•⁄ @M ⁄fl, Rs⁄X
@…—⁄Ω¡⁄{fiæ⁄fl - —⁄•¤ —⁄Ω¡⁄zÊæ⁄flΔ«¡⁄fl»⁄, »⁄fl¡Êæ⁄fl≈¤V⁄•⁄
@—⁄»⁄fl¢⁄% - —¤»⁄fl¢⁄¥¿%…ƒ«•⁄, À⁄O⁄°»⁄ƒ«•⁄
@—⁄‘⁄ Ê - }⁄sÊ•⁄flOʇ◊⁄Ÿ¶¡⁄fl…OÊ
@ÿ—⁄fl - ´¤À⁄»⁄·¤s⁄fl, O⁄{|fi¡⁄fl ‘¤P—⁄fl
AAV⁄—⁄ - AO¤À⁄, ⁄∫⁄, V⁄V⁄ ⁄
A}⁄MO⁄ - ‘Ê•⁄¬OÊ, _M}Ê
A}⁄Ω…À¤ —⁄ - }⁄ ⁄VÊ }⁄ ⁄≠Δ«¡⁄fl»⁄ ⁄M∏OÊ
A…flŒ⁄ - A—Ê, ƒM ⁄
A»⁄¬—⁄fl - »¤¿Ø—⁄fl
A—⁄¡Ê - AÀ⁄√æ⁄fl
BB◊Ê - ∫⁄‡…fl, ~¡Ê, ®⁄¡⁄{, ∂fl…
DD∂π¡⁄ - ‘Ê ⁄fl`…OÊ, A©O⁄¿
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JJ•⁄¡⁄fl - P¡⁄fl ⁄fl
JO⁄Qƒfl - O⁄fllflM∂, »¤—⁄
Jƒfl»Êfl - Ø√fi~, »Êfl ⁄fl`VÊ
KK¡⁄VÊ - —⁄»⁄fl»⁄æ⁄fl—⁄fl”, —⁄»⁄·¤ ⁄}Ê
O⁄O⁄◊⁄ÆÊ - O⁄t»Êfl V⁄fly»⁄fllo
O⁄yΩ¡Êæ⁄·¤V⁄fl - O⁄{|VÊ O¤y•¤V⁄fl, —⁄}⁄fl°‘ʇfiV⁄fl
O¤s⁄}⁄‡—⁄fl - Oʇfi…, ∂M•⁄‡O⁄fl
O¤»Ê‡%fis⁄ - O⁄Ƥ∞•⁄ »Ê‡fis⁄
O¤æ⁄flO⁄ - Oʃ—⁄, •⁄flt»Êfl
Pfi◊⁄¬»Êfl - }¤ ⁄fl O⁄t»Êfl GM•⁄fl ∫¤…—⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl.
O⁄fl¡⁄fl‘⁄fl - V⁄fl¡⁄fl}⁄fl
O⁄fl¡⁄fl◊⁄fl - ∑Ê¡⁄{, O⁄‡•⁄ƒfl
OÊ ⁄fl` - ®ÊÁæ⁄fl%, —¤‘⁄—⁄
Oʇfis⁄fl - OʇM∂fl
Oʇfi¬OÊ - ∂æ⁄flOÊ, B Êc
Oʇ√fitfiO⁄¡⁄y - Jlflo —Êfi¬—⁄fl
V⁄V⁄¡⁄∂t - H ⁄fl »⁄·¤s⁄∑ÊfiOÊM•⁄fl ~ÿæ⁄fl•¤V⁄fl
V⁄flMÆ⁄ - A◊⁄
V⁄flMÆ⁄‚¥ - —⁄»⁄fl‡‘⁄
Wno—⁄fl - ‘ÊfiV¤•⁄¡⁄‡ Æ⁄s⁄Oʇ◊⁄flŸ, —⁄MƤ¶—⁄fl
Vʇfi ⁄¬—⁄fl - O¤yfl, »Êfi•⁄¿»¤V⁄fl
⁄⁄}⁄fl¡Ê - e¤zÊ, ¨Æ⁄‚¥zÊ
^¤z¤O⁄– - —⁄‡O⁄–=Ω •⁄‰œoæ⁄flfl◊⁄Ÿ»⁄ ⁄fl, »⁄¿»⁄‘¤¡⁄ ⁄}⁄fl¡⁄
^¤}⁄flæ⁄fl% - e¤y}⁄ ⁄
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^¤¡⁄{V⁄ - ~¡⁄flV¤s⁄fl»⁄»⁄
_V⁄¡Ê - ‘⁄fl≈Ê«, fMOÊ
^Êfi}⁄¬—⁄fl - ÊÁ}⁄ ⁄¿»⁄ ⁄fl≠ Æ⁄sÊ, e¤V⁄‰}⁄»¤V⁄fl
ddt»⁄fl◊Ê - JM•Êfi —⁄»⁄fl Ê —⁄fl¬æ⁄flfl»⁄ »⁄fl◊Ê
dƒ ⁄¡⁄ - ¨fi¬ ⁄Δ« »¤“—⁄fl»⁄»⁄‚¥V⁄◊⁄fl
fÆ⁄‚¥y - ≈ʇfiª, ®¤¡¤◊⁄ R ⁄fl% »⁄·¤s⁄•⁄»⁄
lmÊÓ“O⁄≈È - »⁄fl‡¡⁄fl ⁄O⁄√•⁄ —ÊÁO⁄ƒfl
}⁄}⁄m¤O⁄ - OÊ¡Ê, d≈¤À⁄æ⁄fl
}⁄t - ~fi¡⁄, •⁄s⁄
}⁄¡⁄fl - »⁄fl¡⁄, »⁄‰O⁄–
}¤y - —⁄§◊⁄, Ê≈Ê
~fi¢¤%lO⁄¡⁄fl - Æ⁄‚¥y¿OÊ–fi}⁄√V⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ —⁄M•⁄Ã%—⁄fl»⁄»⁄¡⁄fl
}⁄flMm¤l - ‘⁄fls⁄flV¤l
}ÊÆ⁄∞ - ‘⁄¬Vʇfiƒfl, ¤»Ê
}Ê»⁄◊⁄fl - O⁄flÿ}⁄fl »⁄flflM•⁄OÊQ —¤V⁄fl
}Êfi¡⁄fl - ¡⁄¢⁄, —⁄±⁄ƒ»¤V⁄fl
}ʇ¡Ê - ‘ʇ◊Ê, ‘⁄◊⁄Ÿ, ¡⁄hfl¬, —⁄y| Æ⁄√»¤‘⁄
}ʇfiÆ⁄‚¥ - }ʇfil
}ʇfi¡⁄fl - O¤yfl, @¨—⁄fl
}¤¿V⁄ - @V⁄ƒfl…OÊ, Oʇs⁄fl…OÊ, •¤ ⁄ »⁄·¤s⁄fl…OÊ
•⁄•⁄MV¤V⁄fl - ¶OÊQs⁄fl, O⁄MV¤≈¤V⁄fl
¶V¤ºÒM}⁄ - ¶O⁄flQ }⁄Æ⁄‚ ∞
•⁄fl»¤%—⁄ Ê - OÊlo »¤—⁄ Ê
•⁄fl¡⁄M}⁄ - •⁄flNR•⁄Δ« Oʇ ÊVʇ◊⁄flŸ»⁄
•ÊÁ}⁄¿ - ¡¤O⁄–—⁄, •Ê‡s⁄u
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®¤»⁄fl - »⁄fl Ê
®⁄fl…flΩO⁄flQ - OÊ◊⁄VÊ ‘¤¡⁄fl, ÊVÊæ⁄flfl
®⁄‰~ - ®ÊÁæ⁄fl%
´⁄⁄æ⁄fl ⁄ - O⁄yfl|, @P–, Êfi}⁄√
´¤»Ê - •Ê‡fi{
¨Æ⁄‚¥y - e¤y
¨∑Êπ¡⁄V⁄fl - @}¤¿À⁄æ⁄fl%, —ʇfifV⁄
¨∂%M©—⁄fl - }⁄sÊ»⁄·¤s⁄fl, @tu»⁄·¤s⁄fl
¨¡⁄O⁄–¡⁄ O⁄flP– - K•⁄fl ∂¡⁄‘⁄ ∑¤¡⁄•⁄»⁄
¨¡¤O⁄¬—⁄fl - @ƒ«V⁄◊Ê, JÆ⁄∞¶¡⁄fl
¨ƒflO⁄fl - •Ê‡¡Êæ⁄flfl, GlflO⁄fl
¨»¤¬—⁄fl - }ÊVÊ•⁄fl‘¤O⁄fl, O⁄◊Ê
¨À⁄¿—⁄° - Aæ⁄flfl®⁄V⁄ÿƒ«•⁄
Ê»⁄flΩ¶ - —⁄»⁄·¤®¤ ⁄, À¤M~
Ê◊⁄ƒfl - Ê¡⁄◊⁄fl, —⁄Ω¡⁄zÊ
´Êfi—⁄¡⁄fl - —⁄‡æ⁄fl%, ∫¤—⁄Q¡⁄
ʇ¡⁄dfl - ⁄fl“, JM•⁄fl ∂VÊæ⁄fl O⁄ƒfl«
ʇ—⁄ƒfl - ‘⁄zÊ
Æ⁄Æ⁄¡⁄MÆ⁄¡Ê - O⁄flƒ, »⁄MÀ⁄, —⁄MÆ⁄√•¤æ⁄fl
Ƥ¡⁄MV⁄}⁄ - Ê ¤≠W @¬}⁄»⁄ ⁄fl, Æ⁄‚¥y
ÆÊ„¡Êæ⁄flfl - O¤Æ¤s⁄fl, ¡⁄P–—⁄fl
Æ⁄√d Δ—⁄fl - Æ⁄√O¤Ã—⁄fl, Ê ¤≠W D¬
Æ⁄√~∫Ê - …ÀÊfiŒ⁄ Æ⁄√eÊk, ‘ʇ—⁄ ‘ʇ—⁄ O⁄ƒ∞ ÊV⁄◊⁄ ⁄fl≠ O⁄Ms⁄flOʇ◊⁄flŸ»⁄ ⁄}⁄fl¡⁄»⁄fl~.
Æ⁄√∫Êfi•⁄ - …∫¤V⁄, Æ⁄√O¤¡⁄, »⁄¿}¤¿—⁄
Ƥ√}⁄NO¤ƒ - ∑Ê◊⁄WX ⁄ —⁄»⁄flæ⁄fl, »⁄flflMe¤ Ê
Ƥ√Ø° - ‘ʇM•⁄fl…OÊ, V⁄ÿOÊ, ≈¤∫⁄, A•¤æ⁄fl
∂∂s¤øfl - dM∫⁄Oʇ_`Oʇ◊⁄flŸ…OÊ, ‘⁄¡⁄mʑʇsÊæ⁄flfl…OÊ
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∂‰‘⁄•¤O¤¡⁄ - •Ê‡s⁄u•¤•⁄ AO¤¡⁄
∑ʇV⁄—Ê - V⁄flÿæ⁄·¤V⁄fl»⁄M}Ê eʇfit“•⁄ G¡⁄s⁄fl @MVÊÁV⁄◊⁄fl
∫¤—⁄»¤V⁄fl - }ʇfi¡⁄fl, O¤yfl
ª~° - VʇfisÊ, }⁄flMs⁄fl, JsÊæ⁄flfl…OÊ
ª ⁄≠}Ê - »⁄¿}⁄¿—⁄°»¤W¡⁄fl…OÊ
∫Êfi¬ - JM•⁄fl ∂VÊæ⁄fl ⁄»⁄fl%»¤•⁄¿
»⁄fl»⁄fl¨≠—⁄fl - O⁄–…fl—⁄fl
»⁄fl¡⁄fl◊⁄fl - ‘⁄fl ⁄fl`, •⁄s⁄u}⁄ ⁄
»⁄flflMe¤»⁄ - ∑Ê◊⁄WX ⁄ ‘ʇ}⁄fl°, Ƥ√}⁄NO¤ƒ
»⁄flflM•¤◊⁄fl - ´¤æ⁄flO⁄, Êfi}¤¡⁄
»⁄flflV⁄X¬—⁄fl - Gs⁄»⁄‚¥
»Ê‡fiO⁄– - ∏s⁄flV⁄sÊ, »⁄flflP°
»ÊflÁ ⁄…¡Êfi◊⁄fl - ¡Ê‡fi»⁄·¤M ⁄ ⁄»¤V⁄fl
¡⁄¡⁄»⁄fl{fiæ⁄fl - —⁄flM•⁄¡⁄»¤•⁄, ʃfl»¤•⁄
ƒ≈ʇfiO⁄O⁄≈¤¿y - d ⁄¬VÊ J◊ÊŸæ⁄fl•⁄ ⁄fl≠ »⁄·¤s⁄fl»⁄‚¥•⁄fl
»⁄»¤}⁄”ƒ¿ - ’¬æ⁄fl¬VÊ P¬æ⁄fl¡Ê‡M¶W¡⁄fl»⁄ Ø√fi~, »⁄fl»⁄fl}Ê
»¤—⁄°»⁄¿ - }⁄MV⁄fl…OÊ, »¤—⁄
»¤“ - OÊ–fi»⁄fl, V⁄fly, Jÿ}⁄fl
… ⁄Δ}⁄ - ⁄M ⁄ƒ»¤•⁄, @ƒflV¤s⁄fl»⁄
…Æ⁄}⁄fl° - OÊfis⁄fl, AÆ⁄}⁄fl°
……®⁄}Ê - ∂‘⁄fl∂VÊæ⁄·¤W¡⁄fl…OÊÊ, »ÊÁ…®⁄¥¿
…»ÊfiO⁄ - ∂fl¶™, ~◊⁄fl»⁄ÿOÊ
…¡⁄…fl—⁄fl - …À¤√M~ ‘ʇM•⁄fl
»ÊÁO⁄ƒ¿ - ⁄‡¿ ⁄}Ê, Oʇ¡⁄}Ê
»⁄√}⁄ - ¨æ⁄fl»⁄fl, À¤—⁄ ⁄, Æ⁄√~eÊk, Æ⁄„eÊ, ¨æ⁄fl»⁄fl¨ŒÊr
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À⁄À⁄¡⁄© - —⁄»⁄flfl•⁄√, O⁄s⁄ƒfl, ∂}⁄°ÿOÊ
ÀÊfiR¬—⁄fl - —⁄MV⁄√’—⁄fl
—⁄—⁄MO⁄l - •⁄flNR, O⁄Œ⁄o, ʇfi»⁄‚¥
—⁄MO⁄flƒ - V⁄flMÆ⁄‚¥, —⁄»⁄fl‡‘⁄, JlfloV⁄‡t•⁄
—⁄MOʇfi ⁄ - O⁄flV⁄flX…OÊ, »⁄flfl•⁄fltOʇ◊⁄flŸ…OÊ
—⁄M}ÊÁ—⁄fl - —⁄»⁄·¤®¤ ⁄Æ⁄t—⁄fl
—⁄Mæ⁄fl»⁄fl - }¤◊ÊΩ, —⁄‘⁄ Ê
—⁄MÆ⁄•⁄º¬}⁄ - —⁄MÆ⁄~° M•⁄ O⁄‡tOʇMs⁄
—⁄±⁄ƒ - —¤¢⁄%O⁄»¤•⁄, ±⁄ƒ‘ʇM¶•⁄
—⁄∂‡∂fl - O¤¡⁄y
—⁄»⁄flœo - Jlflo, Æ⁄„y%
—⁄»⁄·¤¡¤®⁄ Ê - @ ⁄≠ —⁄M}⁄Æ⁄%zÊ, }⁄‰Ø°Æ⁄t—⁄fl…OÊ
—⁄»¤ƒfl - Æ⁄M¢⁄
—⁄ƒ‘Ê - —⁄‡ ⁄ Ê
—Êy—⁄fl - ‘ʇfi¡¤s⁄fl, “m¤oV⁄fl, »⁄fl}⁄”¡⁄
—⁄Ω¡⁄zÊ - Ê ⁄Æ⁄‚¥, e¤kÆ⁄O⁄
—¤Ω¡⁄O⁄ - JM•⁄fl »⁄fl‘⁄}⁄ •⁄ Y⁄l Ê @¢⁄»¤ »⁄¿P°æ⁄fl e¤kÆ⁄O¤¢⁄% —¤§Ø“•⁄ ¡⁄ ⁄ ÊV⁄◊⁄fl
‘⁄‘⁄¬Vʇfiƒfl - }ÊÆ⁄∞, ⁄¶æ⁄fl ⁄fl≠ •¤lƒfl DÆ⁄æʇfiW—⁄fl»⁄ —¤®⁄ ⁄
‘⁄—⁄fl - Vʇfi»⁄‚¥, AO⁄◊⁄fl, Æ⁄À⁄fl, }⁄fl¡⁄fl
’¬»Êfl - ÀÊ√fiŒ⁄r}Ê
‘Ê}⁄°¡Ê - ‘ÊÆ⁄‚ ∞ ‘¤P•⁄¡Ê
‘Ê•Êß¡Ê - ’¬•¤•⁄ }Ê¡ÊV⁄◊⁄fl
‘Êfi¡⁄fl - ∫¤¡⁄, ‘ʇ¡Ê
‘ʇ´¤≠»⁄¬OÊ - JM•⁄fl ∂VÊæ⁄fl ‘⁄flƒfl«
* * *