Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern...
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![Page 1: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety
HEMS Safety of Flight IssuesHEMS Safety of Flight Issues
Dr. Vern Ellingstad
Office of Research
and Engineering
![Page 2: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
HEMS SAFETY OF FLIGHT ISSUESHEMS SAFETY OF FLIGHT ISSUES
1. Safety Equipment
2. Airspace Infrastructure
3. Pilot Training
4. Safety Oversight
![Page 3: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Safety EquipmentSafety Equipment
• Terrain Awareness Warning Systems (TAWS)
• Night Vision Imaging Systems (NVIS)
• Autopilot / Dual Pilot Operation
• Recorders
![Page 4: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Terrain Awareness Warning SystemsTerrain Awareness Warning Systems
• TAWS Safety Rec. A-06-15
– “Open-Unacceptable”
• 2006 SIR:
– 13 of 41 helicopter accidents might have been prevented by TAWS
• Only 30% of HEMS fleet has HTAWS, despite availability
• FAA initiating rulemaking
![Page 5: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Night Vision Imaging SystemsNight Vision Imaging Systems
• Many HEMS accidents are controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) and related types of accidents
• 2006 SIR – 13 of 55 accidents may have been prevented by NVIS
• Capability, availability, cost have improved in recent years
• NVIS received broadest consensus at Public Hearing
![Page 6: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
Autopilot / Dual Pilot Autopilot / Dual Pilot
• Most HEMS operations are single pilot• Predominantly non-IFR certified• High workload frequently encountered• Canadian HEMS industry experience
– No fatal accidents since 1977
• Autopilot can enhance pilot’s ability to cope with high workload
• Part 135 requires 2nd pilot or autopilot under certain conditions
![Page 7: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Flight Recorders Flight Recorders• Recommendation A-09-11 (Feb. 2009)
Open – Acceptable Response• Essential for flight data monitoring• Lightweight/crash resistant recorders
now available• EUROCAE standards ready• FDM software available• FSF has initiated research
![Page 8: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Airspace InfrastructureAirspace Infrastructure
• IFR vs VFR Flight
• Low Altitude Infrastructure
• HEMS Weather Tool
![Page 9: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Airspace InfrastructureAirspace Infrastructure
• Industry consensus regarding deficiencies with low-altitude infrastructure for helicopters
• Most HEMS operators operate VFR
• FAA contends that flying IFR is best countermeasure against CFIT because of ATC
• FAA promises ADS-B by 2013
![Page 10: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
HEMS Weather ToolHEMS Weather Tool
• Number and access to weather reporting stations inadequate
• FAA tool for low-altitude weather depiction
• FAA Notice 8000.333 :– “Experimental” - prohibited for use
as an “official” weather product
• Consensus at NTSB Public Hearing: tool provides valuable information
![Page 11: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Pilot TrainingPilot Training
• Instrument Proficiency
• Scenario-Based Training• Simulators
• Flight Training Devices
• Safety Equipment
![Page 12: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
Pilot Flight TrainingPilot Flight Training
• No FAA rules for instrument proficiency
• Cost-effective simulators & FTDs available now
• Scenario-based training strongly advocated by HEMS community
• Training required for NVIS, HTAWS, etc.
• PHPA’s no. 1 safety issue: training
![Page 13: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Oversight and Safety ManagementOversight and Safety Management
• Collect and report safety data
• Implement flight data monitoring
• Implement SMS
• Ensure proper regulatory oversight
![Page 14: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
Safety Data Reporting Safety Data Reporting
• Activity data (flight hours, trips, etc.) are needed to measure safety performance
• Voluntary GAATAA Survey is only official source of HEMS activity data
• GAO and NTSB have advocated for better activity data
• FAA has no plans to change data collection process
![Page 15: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Flight Data MonitoringFlight Data Monitoring
• Low-cost, lightweight flight data recorders are available
• EUROCAE standards for lightweight flight recorders have been adopted
• FAA promises to move quickly to develop technical standard order (TSO)
• Several vendors have developed software to read and analyze recorded data
![Page 16: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Safety Management Systems (SMS)Safety Management Systems (SMS)
• ICAO called on member states to establish SMS programs by January 2009
• No current requirements exist for HEMS operators
• HAI, CAMTS, and GAO provided written submissions supporting an SMS requirement
• IHST has developed an SMS toolkit for small operators
![Page 17: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
HEMS Regulatory EnvironmentHEMS Regulatory Environment
• 40 HEMS operators are government entities
• FAA does not oversee “public” operations
• Few FAA requirements• Not consistent with Part 135
HEMS operations• National Park Service,
Maryland State Police, Fairfax County, etc.
![Page 18: Offices of Research & Engineering and Aviation Safety HEMS Safety of Flight Issues Dr. Vern Ellingstad Office of Research and Engineering.](https://reader030.fdocuments.us/reader030/viewer/2022032806/56649efc5503460f94c0fa57/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)