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Off the Shelf: Innovation in family farming for sustainable agriculture
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Transcript of Off the Shelf: Innovation in family farming for sustainable agriculture
Off the Shelf: Innovation in family farming for sustainable
agriculture
Terri Raney, EditorThe State of Food and Agriculture
Food and Agriculture Organization of the UN
ICABR18 June 2013
Ravello
The State of Food and AgricultureEditor-in-Chief
2002-2013
Planning for The SOFA 2014
Innovation in family farming for sustainable agriculture
Why a SOFA on agricultural innovation?
• World population is growing. Incomes are rising. Demand for food is growing.
• Poverty and hunger is still pervasive. • The natural resource base is more and more
constrained and at risk of degradation and climate change.
Food consumption to 2050(Kcal/person/day)
Source: FAO, 2011
1500
2000
2500
3000
3500
1969/71 1979/81 1990/92 2005-07 2030 2050
Industrial countries Sub-Saharan Africa
Near East-North Africa Latin America & Caribbean
South Asia East Asia
Real food prices increasing?
Hunger is widespread and persistent
… with stark regional disparities
Source: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (2012).
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
1990/92 2010/12
Mill
ion
unde
rnou
rishe
d
Increase of 64 million in Sub-Saharan Africa
Decrease of more than 100 million each in East and Southeast Asia
… and increasingly
complex malnutrition
problems
Small family farms are crucial to the challenge
Systems at risk of degradation and climate change
Sources of production growth
Source: FAO, 2011Developing co
untries
sub-Saharan
Africa
Near East
& N. A
frica
Latin Americ
a
South Asia
East
AsiaWorld
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100Land Cropping intensity Yield
Yields much higher on irrigated land … very scarce in SSA
World
Developing countri
es
South Asia
Near East
& N. A
frica
East
Asia
Latin Americ
a
sub-Saharan
Africa
Developed countri
es0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
2005/07 yield on irrigated land, tons per hectare (left-axis)2005/07 yield on rain-fed land, tons per hectare (left-axis)Irrigated land as percent of total harvested land (right-axis)
Source: FAO.
Strong competition for water in some regions
Near East & N. Africa
South Asia East Asia sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America Developed countries
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
800
900
1000
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Irrigation water withdrawal, cubic km (left-axis)Pressure on water resources due to irrigation, percent (right-axis)
Source: FAO.
Fertilizer use is very low in SSA
Ensuring sustainable productivity growth in family farming requires:
• Generating and sharing technologies and practices in and for family farms
• Reforming policies and institutions to remove constraints and promote the use of practices and technologies for sustainable productivity.
• Facilitating access of family farms to market incentives as a driver and a source of innovation.
• Promoting innovation capacity among family farms.
The technical challenge of sustainable productivity growth
• Productivity growth stagnation and gaps.• Increasing stress on the natural resource base.• Climate change threatens traditional practices.• Ag. R&D and extension services to meet old
and new challenges.
The socio-economic challenges of ensuring access to technologies
and practices
• More inclusive to meet needs of small farms.• Markets and value chains as a driver of
innovation. • Overcoming constraints to adopt practices
with positive private returns:– High short term opportunity costs– Financial constraints– Risk aversion
Promoting innovation capacity among family farms
• Individual innovation capacity (education, training, gender gaps)
• Collective innovation capacity (ability of farmers and others to organize effectively to access markets, information, technologies etc.)
• Broader enabling environment (policies, institutions, governance etc.)
How you can help
• Research on various aspects of the challenge• Examples of policy, institutions, incentives for
innovation• Case studies of successful adoption of
sustainable practives
For more information …
The State of Food and Agriculture
2013Food systems for better nutrition
FAO‘s major annual flagship publication.
Available in English, French, Spanish, Russian, Arabic and Chinese
www.fao.org/publications/sofa
#sofa2013
Resources
• The State of Food and Agriculture 2013: Food systems for better nutrition (June 2013)
• World agriculture towards 2030/50 (2012)• The State of the World’s Land and Water
Resources (2011)• Background papers for the “Food Security
Futures” conference (FAO and IFPRI)
www.fao.org/publications
Land expansion potential, concentrated in certain regions
sub-Saharan Africa
Latin America Near East & N. Africa
South Asia East Asia Developed countries
0
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
Cropland currently in use, million hectares Potential rain-fed cropland, million hectares
Source: GAEZ-v3.0 in Fischer et al 2011.
High fertilizer use in East Asia; South Asia and Latin America will follow suit
sub-Saharan Africa
Near East & N. Africa
Latin America South Asia East Asia Developed countries
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
0.0
0.5
1.0
1.5
2.0
2.5
3.0
2005/07 fertilizer consumption, kg per hectare (left-axis) 2050 fertilizer consumption, kg per hectare (left-axis)Growth, percent per annum (right-axis)
Source: FAO.
Natural Resources for Food Production: Water• The FAO projections indicate that the global demand for
water withdrawals from agriculture will increase by 11% from a 2006 baseline to 2050
• By 2050, more than half the world’s population will live in countries with severe water constraints
Comprehensive Assessment of Water Management in Agriculture, 2007
Systems at risk
• densely populated highlands in poor areas;• small holder rainfed farming in semi-arid
tropics;• densely populated and intensely cultivated
areas in the Mediterranean basin• intensive rainfed cropping in temperate
climate;• irrigated rice-based systems;• crops depending on irrigation by
groundwater;• rangelands on fragile soils; • deltas and coastal areas;• periurban agriculture.