OF BACHELOR DEGREE SCIENCE - … · 1 vikram deb autonomous college jeypore, koraput, odisha -...

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VIKRAM DEB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE

JEYPORE, KORAPUT, ODISHA - 764001

COURSE OF STUDIES

OF

BACHELOR DEGREE SCIENCE CBCS

ADMISSION BATCH 2015 ONWARD

PHYSICS

Published by VIKRAM DEB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE

JEYPORE, KORAPUT, ODISHA www.vikramdebcollege.org

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Three Year Degree Course Bachelor of Science – Coures Structure

2015 Onwards PHYSICS

1st Year 1st Semester C.C. – I 100 C.C. – II 100 AECC 50 G.E – I (Paper-I) 100 Total 350

2nd Semester C.C. – III 100 C.C. – IV 100 AECC – EVS 50 G.E. – II (Paper-I) 100 Total 350 2nd Year 3rd Semester C.C. – V 100 C.C. – VI 100 C.C. – VII 100 SEC – I 50 G.E. – I (Paper II) 100 Total 450 4th Semester C.C. – VIII 100 C.C. – IX 100 C.C. – X 100 SEC – II 50 G.E. – II (Paper II) 100 Total 450 3rd Year 5th Semester C.C. – XI 100 C.C. – XII 100 DSE - I 100 DSE - II 100 Total 400 6th Semester C.C. – XIII 100 C.C. – XIV 100 DSE - III 100 DSE - II 100 Total 400

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VIKRAM DEB AUTONOMOUS COLLEGE, JEYPORE

Three Years Degree Course Bachelor of Science C.B.C.S. Course Structure

1st Year 1St emester Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 1 4 75 15 60 Core - 1 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 2 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 2 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 2 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 AECC - MIL/Eng 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 1 Paper – 1 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 1 Practical 2 25 - 25 Generic Elective – 1 Paper – 1 Mathematics 6 100 20 80

20 350

2nd emester Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 3 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 3 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 3 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 4 4 75 15 60 Core - 4 Practical 2 25 - 25 EVS 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 2 Paper – 1 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective – 2 Paper – 1 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 1 Practical 2 50 10 40

20 350

2nd Year 3rd Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 5 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 5 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 5 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 6 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 6 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 6 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 7 4 75 15 60 Core - 7 Practical 2 25 - 25 SEC - I Subject Specific Skills 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 2 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 2 Practical 2 25 - 25 Generic Elective - 1 Paper - 2 Mathematics 6 100 20 80

26 450

4th Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 8 4 75 15 60 Core - 8 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 9 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 9 Practical 2 25 - 25

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Core - 9 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core - 10 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 10 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 10 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 SEC - 2 Subject Specific Skills 2 50 10 40 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 2 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 2 Practical 2 25 - 25 Generic Elective - 2 Paper - 2 Mathematics 6 100 20 80

26 450

3RD Year 5th Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 11 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 11 Practical 2 25 - 25 Coere - 11 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core – 12 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 12 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 12 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 DSE - 1 6 100 20 80 DSE - 2 6 100 20 80

24 400

6th Semister Credit

Total Marks Mid Sem

End Sem

Core - 13 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 13 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 13 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 Core – 14 (Except Mathematics) 4 75 15 60 Core - 14 Practical 2 25 - 25 Core - 14 Mathematics 6 100 20 80 DSE - 3 6 100 20 80

DSE - 4 (Project) 6 100

Viva-20 Presentation-

20 Disserteation

– 60

24 400

Total Credit = 140

Total Marks = 2400 * AECC - Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course SEC - Skill Enhancement Courses DSE - Discipline Specific Elective GE - Generic Elective

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PHYSICS COURSE STRUCTURE Semester Paper Subject Marks Duration of

Exam First Year

1st sem. C.C. I MATHEMATICAL PHYSIC - I 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. II MECHANICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 75 3

2nd Sem. C.C. III ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. IV WAVES AND OPTICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

Second Year 3rd Sem. C.C. V MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS - II 75 3

PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. VI THERMAL PHYSICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. VII ANALOG SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

4th Sem. C.C. VIII MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-III 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. IX ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. X DIGITAL SYSTEMS & APPLICATIONS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

Third Year 5th Sem. C.C. XI QUANTUM MECHANICS AND

APPLICATIONS 75 3

PRACTIVAL 25 3 C.C. XII SOLID STATE PHYSICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

6th Sem. C.C. XIII ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3 C.C. XIV STATISTICAL MECHANICS 75 3 PRACTICAL 25 3

SKILL ENHANCEMENT COURSE 2nd Year 3rd Sem. SEC I APPLIED OPTICS 50 3 4th Sem. SEC II INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS /

RENEWABLE ENERGY AND ENERGY HARVESTING / APPLIED OPTICS

50 3

DISCIPLINE SPECIFIC ELECTIVE 3rd Year 5th Sem. DSE I CLASSICAL DYNAMICS 100 3

DSE II NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS 100 3 6th Sem. DSE III COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS/NANO

MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS/BIOPHYSICS

100 3

DSE IV PROJECT 100 3

N. B.: 1) 20 % marks in each paper is allocated to Mid Semester Examination and 80 % marks allocated to term End Examination. 2) There shall be only one Mid Semester Examination in each Semester.

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Combination for Honours PHYSICAL SCIENCE

The Candidate has to select one of the following combination.

Core AECC Compulsory AECC Skill Based DSE GE

Physics

MIL/Alt. English EVS

Subject Specific

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

Chemistry Chemistry Physics Mathematics

Mathematics Mathematics Physics Chemistry

Computer Science *

Computer Science

Physics Chemistry Mathematics

Computer Science (Self-Financing) with a course fee of Rs. 30,000/- (Thirty Thousand) only @ Rs.

10,000/- per year. Students alloted computer science hons. shall have to pay Rs. 10,000/- every year along with admission fees. if a student discontinues in mid course, he/she shall forfeit the amount already depositied and in addition shall have to deposit the balance amout of the course fee Rs. 30,000/- before taking C.L.C.

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Semester - I AECC – MIL (Odia)

Full Marks – 50 `ÐWÔ : jcèÐ], bþÐiÐ J jÐkÞþ[Ô

1c HLL - jcèÐ]eþ èÞþbþÐiÐ, èÞþjeþ J `õLÐeþ

2 Æ HLL - jcèÐ] jÕNõkþeþ `w[Þ, õªÊÆ[Þ, èÞþÒaiZ

3 Æ HLL - jcèÐ]eþ bþÐiÐ, jcèÐ] J jÐkÞþ[Ô

jkþÐ¯ÆL Nõx :

1 - jcèÐ] J jÐcèÐ]ÞL[Ð - QtõÒhMeþ ckþÐ`Ð[ö, JXÞA `ÐWÔ`ÊªÆL õLÐh_ J `õZ¯Æ_ jÕyÐ, bËþaÒ_hèeþ¼¼Ð

2 - jÐeþjè[ jÐlÐ[LÐeþ - aÞS¯ÆÐ_t jÞÕkþ, aÞ]ÔÐ`ÊeþÑ, LVL

3 - jÕÒdÐN @_ÊaÞ Þ / aÔÐakþÐeÞþL JXÞA bþÐiÐ J õÒ¯ÆÐNÐ[ëL aÔÐLeþZ - jÒ«ÆÐi [öÞ ÐWÑ, _ÐftÐ, LVL

4 - mþM_LfÐ J õÐÒ¯ÆÐNÞL aÔÐLeþZ - @S Æ LÊcÐeþ cÞhõ, LmþÔÐZÑ àîÞhjà, LVL

Mid Sem - 10

Term End - 40

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Semester - I Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course for Science

ENGLISH Full Marks - 50

This course aims at enhancing the English language proficiency of undergraduate students in humanity, science and commerce streams to prepare them for the academic, social and professional expectations during and after the course. The course will help develop academic and social English competencies in speaking, listening, pronunciation, reading and writing, grammar and usage, vocabulary, syntax, and rhetorical patterns. Students, at the end of the course, should be able to use English appropriately and effectively for further studies or for work where English is used as the language of communication. Unit I Reading Comprehension [15] " Locate and remember the most important points in the reading " Interpret and evaluate events, ideas, and information " Read "between the lines" to understand underlying meanings " Connect information to what they already know Unit II Writing [15] 1. Expanding an Idea 2. Writing a Memo 3. Report Writing 4. Creative Writing 5. News Story 6. Setting in Creative Writing 7. Writing a Business Letter 8. Letters to the Editor 9. Précis Writing 10. CV & Resume Writing 11. Dialog writing 12. Covering Letter 13. Writing Formal Email 14. Elements of Story Writing 15. Note Making 16. Information Transfer 17. Interviewing for news papers Unit III Language functions in listening and conversation [06] 1. Discussion on a given topic in pairs 2. Speaking on a given topic individually (Practice to be given using speaking activities from the prescribed textbooks) Grammar and Usage [14] 1. Simple and Compound Sentences 2. Complex Sentences 3. Noun Clause 4. Adjective Clause 5. Adverb Clause 6. The Conditionals in English 7. The Second Conditional 8. The Third Conditional 9. Words and their features 10. Phrasal Verbs 11. Collocation 12. Using Modals 13. Use of Passives 14. Use of Prepositions 15. Subject-verb Agreement 16. Sentence as a system 17. Common Errors in English Usage

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Book Prescribed Vistas and Visions: An Anthology of Prose and Poetry. (Ed.)Kalyani Samantray, Himansu S. Mohapatra, Jatindra K. Nayak, Gopa Ranjan Mishra, Arun Kumar Mohanty. OBS Texts to be studied (For Science) Prose " Pleasures of Ignorance " Ecology and Society " Lifestyle English " Playing the English gentleman Poetry " Lover's Infiniteness " Last Sonnet " The Felling of the Banyan Tree All grammar and writing activities in the textbook

Mid Sem - 10

Term End - 40

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Semester - II Ability Enhancement Compulsory Course (AECC)

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES Full Marks - 50

Unit - I Basic Concepts of Environment Ecological Factors; Air, Water, Soil, Light, Temperature, Biotic factors Ecosystem: Concepts, Structure and Function, Food Chain, Food Web, Ecological Pyramid, Energy Flow, Biogeochemical Cycle (Carbon Cycle, Nitrogen Cycle) Unit - II Environmental Pollution Air Pollution; Water Pollution, Industrial Pollution, Noise Pollution, Types of Pllutants, Sources and fate of Pollutants in the environment. Sewage treatment, Greenhouse Effect, Global Warming, Acid Rain. Unit - III Conservation of Natural Resourses Renewal and Non-Renewable resourcs, soil erosion and conservation, Forest Conservation, Wildlife Conservation, Pollution control Board and its function, Environmental education and awarness. Suggested Readings :

1. Fundamental of Ecology by E.P. Odum 2. Fundamental of Ecology by M.C. Dash 3. Ecology and Environment by P.D. Sharma 4. Concepts of Ecology by E.J. Kormondy 5. Fundamentals of Enviromental studies by N.K. Tripathy 6. Environmental studies by Dr. A.K. Panigrahi and Alaka Sahu 7. Parivesh Bigyana : Dr. Ranganath Mishra

Mid Sem - 10

Term End - 40

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2nd Year Semester – III

SEC-I APPLIED OPTICS

(Credits: 02) Full Marks : 50

Unit-I Lasers, Spontaneous and stimulated emissions, Theory of laser action, Einstein's coefficients, Light amplification, Characterization of laser beam, He-Ne laser, Semiconductor lasers. Unit-II Fourier Optics Concept of .Spatial frequency filtering, Fourier,transforming property of a thin lens. Optical image addition/subtraction, Optical image differentiation Unit-III Holography Basic principle and theory: coherence, resolution, Types of holograms, white light reflection hologram, application of holography in microscopy, interferometry, and character recognition, Recording and reconstructing holograms, White light Hologram. Unit-IV Photonics: Fibre Optics Optical fibres and their properties, Principal of light propagation through a fibre, The numerical aperture, Attenuation in optical fibre and attenuation limit, Single mode and multimode fibres, Fibre optic sensors: Fibre Bragg Grating. Suggested Readings : • Fundamental of optics, F. A. Jenkins & H. E. White, 1981, Tata McGraw hill. • LASERS: Fundamental & applications, KThyagrajan & A.KGhatak, 2010, Tata McGraw Hill • Fibre optics through experiments, M.R.Shenoy, S.KKhijwania, et.al. 2009, Viva Books • Nonlinear Optics, Robert W. Boyd, (Chapter-I), 2008, Elsevier. • Optics, Karl Dieter Moller, Learning by computing with model examples, 2007, Springer. • Optical Systems and Processes, Joseph Shamir, 2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. • Optical Physics, A.Lipson, S.G.Lipson, H.Lipson, 4th Edn., 1996, Cambridge Univ. Press

Mid Sem. - 10 Term End - 40

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Semester – IV PHYSICS

SEC-II BASIC INSTRUMENTATION SKILLS

Full Marks : 50 Unit-I Basic of Measurement: Instruments accuracy, precision, sensitivity, resolution range etc. Errors in measurements and loading effects. Multimeter: Principles of measurement of dc voltage and dc current, ac voltage, ac current and resistance. Specifications of a multi meter and their significance. Electronic Voltmeter: Advantage over conventional multi meter for voltage measurement with respect to input impedance and sensitivity. Principles of voltage, measurement (block diagram only). Specifications of an electronic Voltmeter/ Multimeter and their significance Unit-II Cathode Ray Oscilloscope: Block diagram of basic CRO.Construction of CRT,Electron gun, electrostatic focusing and acceleration (Explanation only- no mathematical treatment), brief discussion on screen phosphor, visual persistence & chemical composition. Time base operation, synchronization. Front panel controls. Specifications of a CROand their significance. Use of CROfor the measurement of voltage (dc and ac frequency, time period. Special features of dual trace, introduction to digital oscilloscope, probes. Digital storage Oscilloscope: Block diagram and principle of working. Unit-II Signal Generators and Analysis Instruments: Block diagram, explanation and specifications of low frequency signal generators. pulse generator, and function generator. Brief idea for testing, specifications. Distortion factor meter, wave analysis. Impedance Bridges & Q-Meters: Block diagram of bridge. working principles of basic (balancing type)RLCbridge. Specifications of RLCbridge. Block diagram & working principles of a Q- Meter. Digital LCR bridges. UNIT -IV Digital Instruments: Principle and working of digital meters. Comparison of analog & digital instruments. Characteristics of a digital meter. Working principles of digital voltmeter. Digital Multimeter: Block diagram and working of a digital multimeter. Working principle of time interval, frequency and period measurement using universal counter/ frequency counter, time- base stability, accuracy and resolution.

Suggested Readings : 1. A text book in Electrical Technology - B L Theraja - S Chand and Co. 2. Performance and design of AC machines - M G Say ELBS Edn. 3 Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 2011, Tata McGraw Hill. 4. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer. Sill.Digital Electronics, Subrata Ghoshal, 2012, Cengage Learning. 6. Electronic Devices and circuits, S. Salivahanan & N. S.Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata Mc-Graw Hill 7. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design and applications, U.Tietze, Ch.Schenk, 2008, Springer 8.Electronic Devices, 7[e Thomas L. Floyd, 2008, Pearson India


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1st Year Semester – I

Core Course : PHYSICS Core Course (C.C.) - I

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-I Full Marks : 100

The emphasis of course is on applications in solving problems of interest to physicists. Thestudents are to be examined entirely on the basis of problems, seen and unseen. Unit-I: Differential equations: First Order Differential Equations and Integrating Factor. Homogeneous Equations with constant coefficients. Wronskian and general solution. Calcul us offunctions of more than one variable: Partial derivatives, exact and inexactdifferentials. Integrating factor, with simple illustration. Dirac Delta function and its properties: Definition of Dirac delta function. Representation as limit of a Gaussian function andrectangular function. Properties of Dirac delta function. Unit -II : Introduction to probability: Independent random variables: Probability distribution functions; binomial, Gaussian,and Poisson, with examples, Mean and variance. Dependent events: Conditional Probability, Bayes' Theorem Recapitulation of vectors: Properties of vectors under rotations. Scalar product and itsinvariance under rotations. Vector product, Scalar triple product and their interpretationin terms of area and volume respectively.Scalar and Vector fields. Unit - III : Vector Differentiation: Directional derivatives and normal derivative.Gradient of ascalar field and its geometrical interpretation.Divergence and curl of a vector field. Deland Laplacian operators. Vector identities. Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates: Orthogonal Curvilinear Coordinates. Derivation of Gradient, Divergence, Curl andl.aplacian in Cartesian, Spherical and Cylindrical Coordinate Systems. Unit -IV : Vector Integration: Ordinary Integrals of Vectors. Multiple integrals, Jacobian.Notionof infinitesimal line, surface and volume elements. Line, surface and volume integralsofVector fields. Flux ofa vector field. Gauss' divergence theorem, Green's and StokesTheorems and their applications (no rigorous proofs). Suggested Readings : I.Mathematical Methods for Physicists, G.B. Arfken, H.J. Weber, F.E. Harris, 2013, 7th Edn., Elsevier. 2.An introduction to ordinary differential equations, E.A. Coddington, 2009, PHI learning 3.Differential Equations, George F. Simmons, 2007, McGraw Hill. 4.Mathematical Tools for Physics. James Nearing, 2010, Dover Publications. 5.Mathematical methods for Scientists and Engineers, D..A. McQuarrie, 2003, Viva Book 6.Advanced Engineering Mathematics, D.G. Zill and W.S. Wright,S Ed., 2012, Jones and Bartlett Learning 7.Mathematical Physics. Goswarni, 151 edition, Cengage Learning 8.Engineering Mathematics, S.Pal and S.c. Bhunia, 20 IS, Oxford University Press. 9.Advanced Engineering Mathematics, Erwin Kreyszig, 2008, Wiley India. Additional Book for Reference: 1. Introduction to Mathematical physics ,C Happer PHI. 2. Introduction to Mathematical Physics and Special Theory of Relativity, M Das ,P K Jena, Srikrishna Publication 3. Mathematical Physics, SatyaPrakash. 4. Mathematical Physics, B D Gupta. 5. Mathematical Physics, Mary L Boas.

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PRACTICAL The aim of this Lab is not just to teach computer programming and numerical analysis but to emphasize its role in solving problems in Physics. • Highlights the use of computational methods to solve physical problems • The course will consist of lectures (both theory and practical) in the Lab • Evaluation done not on the programming but on the basis offormulating the problem • Aim at teaching students to construct the computational problem to be solved • Students can use anyone operating system Linux or Microsoft Windows Introduction and Overview Computer architecture and organization, memory and Input/output devices Basics of Scientific Computing Binary and decimal arithmetic, Floating point numbers, algorithms, Sequence, Selection and Repetition, single and double precision arithmetic, underflow &overflow emphasize the importance of making equations in terms of dimensionless variables, Iterative methods Errors and Error Analysis Truncation and round off errors, Absolute and relative errors, Floating point computations Review of C & C++ Programming fundamentals Introduction to Programming, constants, variables and Programming fundamentals data types, operators and Expressions, I/O statements, scanf and printf, c in and c out, Manipulators for data formatting, Control statements (decision making and looping statements) (If-statement. If-else Statement. Nested if Structure. Else-if Statement. Ternary Operator. Go-to Statement. Switch Statement. Unconditional and Conditional Looping. While Loop. Do-While Loop. FOR Loop. Break and Continue Statements. Nested Loops),Arrays (lD & 2D) and strings, user defined functions, Structures and Unions, Idea of classes and objects Programs Sum & average of a list of numbers, largest of a givenlist of numbers and its location in the list, sorting of numbers in ascending descending order, Binary search Random number generation Area of circle, area of square, volume of sphere, value of pi () Reference Books: 1. Introduction to Numerical Analysis, S.S. Sastry, s" Edn .2012, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 2. Schaum's Outline of Programming with C++. J. Hubbard, 2000, McGraw-Hill Pub. 3. Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, W.H. Pressetal, 3rd Edn., 2007, Cambridge University Press. 4. A first course in Numerical Methods, U.M. Ascher & C. Greif, 2012, PHI Learning. 5. Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E. Atkinson, 3rd Edn. , 2007, Wiley India Edition. 6. Numerical Methods for Scientists & Engineers, R. W. Hamm ing, 1973, Courier Dover Pub. 7. An Introduction to computational Physics, T.Pang, 2nd Edn. , 2006,Cambridge Univ. Press 8. Computational Physics, Darren Walker, I sr Edn., 2015, Scientific International Pvt. Ltd.

Mid Sem. - 15 Term End - 60 Prctical - 25

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Semester – I Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) - II MECHANICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I: Non-Inertial Systems: Non-inertial frames and fictitious forces. Uniformly rotatingframe.Laws of Physics in rotating coordinate systems. Centrifugal force.Coriolis forceand its applications. Rotational Dynamics: Angular momentum of a particle and system of particles.Torque.Principle of conservation of angular momentum. Rotation about a fixed axis.Moment ofInertia.CaJculation of moment of inertia for rectangular, cylindrical andspherical bodies.Kinetic energy of rotation.Motion involving both translation androtation. Unit-II: Gravitation and Central Force Motion: Law of gravitation. Gravitational potentialenergy.Inertial and gravitational mass.Potential and field due to spherical shell andsolid sphere.Motion of a particle under a central force field.Two-body problem and its reduction toone-body problem and its solution. The energy equation and energy diagram. Kepler'sl.aws.Satellite in circular orbit and applications. Geosynchronous orbits. Weightlessness.Basic idea of global positioning system (GPS). Unit-III: Elasticity: Relation between Elastic constants. Twisting torque on a Cylinder or Wire. Fluid Motion: Kinematics of Moving Fluids: Poiseuille's Equation for Flow of a Liquidthrough a Capillary Tube. Oscillations: SHM: Simple Harmonic Oscillations. Differential equation of SHM and its~olution.Kinetic energy, potential energy, total energy and their time-average values.Damped oscillation. Forced oscillations: Transient and steady states; Resonance,sharpness of resonance; power dissipation and Quality Factor. Unit-IV : Special Theory of Relativity: Reference frames. Inertial frames; Review of Newton'sLaws of Motion.Galilean transformations; Galilean invariance.Michelson-Morley Experiment and its outcome.Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity.Lorentz Transformations.Simultaneity andorder of events. Lorentz contraction.Time dilation. Relativistic transformation ofyelocity, frequency and wave number.Relativistic addition of velocities. Variation ofmass with velocity. Massless Particles. Mass-energy Equivalence. Relativistic Dopplereffect. Relativistic Kinematics.Transformation of Energy and Momentum. Suggested Readings : I.Classical Mechanics, Herbert Goldstein, Pearson. 2. Classical Mechanics ,Gupta ,Kumar, Sharma, Pragati Prakashan 3.Physics, Resnick,Halliday and Walker 8/e. 2008, Wiley. 4.Classical Dynamics of particles and systems, S.T.Thronton, J.B.Marion, Cengage Learning. S.Feynman Lectures, Vol. 1, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M.Sands, 2008, Pearson Education 6.lntroduction to Special Relativity, R. Resnick, 2005, John Wiley and Sons. 7. Classical Mechanics, lC. Uppadhyaya, Himalaya Publishing House Additional Books for Reference I.Mechanics, D.S. Mathur, S. Chand and Company Limited, 2000 2.University Physics. F.W Sears, M.W Zemansky, H.D Young 13/e, 1986, Addison Wesley 3.Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Phys., J.W. Jewett, R.A. Serway, 4.Theoretical Mechanics, M.R. Spiegel, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill. PRACTICAL I. Measurements of length (or diameter) using vernier caliper, screw gauge and travelling microscope. 2. To study the random error in observations. 3. To determine the height of a building using a Sextant. 4. To study the Motion of Spring and calculate (a) Spring constant, (b) g and (c) Modulus ofrigidity. 5. To determine the Moment of Inertia of a Flywheel. 7. To determine Coefficient ofYiscosity of water by Capillary Flow by Poiseuille's method. 8. To determine the Young's Modulus of a Wire by Optical Lever Method. 9. To determine the Modulus of Rigidity of a Wire by Maxwell's needle. 10. To determine the elastic Constants of a wire by Searle's method. 11. To determine the value of g using Bar Pendulum. 12. To determine the value of g using Kater's Pendu lum. Reference Books • Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House • Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers

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• A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash & Ramakrishna, 11th Edn, 2011, Kifab Mahal • Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi & B.Mallick,2015, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd. • Practical Physics, G.L. Squires, 2015, 4th Edition, Cambridge University Press


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Semester – II Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) - III ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I : Electric Field and Electric Potential Electric field: Electric field lines. Electric flux.Gauss' Law with applications to chargedistributions with spherical, cylindrical and planar symmetry.Conservative nature of Electrostatic Field.Electrostatic Potential.Laplace's and Poissonequations.The Uniqueness Theorem.Potential and Electric Field of a dipole. Force andTorque on a dipole. Electrostatic energy of system of charges. Electrostatic energy of a charged sphere. Conductors in an electrostatic Field. Surface charge and force on a conductor.Capacitance of a system of charged conductors.Parallel-plate capacitor.Capacitance of an isolated conductor. Unit-II: Dielectric Properties of Matter: Electric Field in matter. Polarization, PolarizationCharges.Electrical Susceptibility and Dielectric Constant. Capacitor (parallel plate,spherical, cylindrical) filled withdielectric. Displacement vector D. Relations between E, P and D. Gauss' Law in dielectrics. Magnetic Properties of Matter: Magnetization vector (M). Magnetic Intensity (H).Magnetic Susceptibility and permeability.Relation between B, H, M. Ferromagnetism.B-H curve and hysteresis. Unit-III: Magnetic Field: Magnetic force between current elements and definition of Magnetic Field B. Biot-Savart's Law and its simple applications: straight wire and circular loop.Current Loop as a Magnetic Dipole and its Dipole Moment (Analogy with ElectricDipole). Ampere's Circuital Law and its application to (I) Solenoid and (2) Toroid.Properties of B: curl and divergence. Vector Potential.Magnetic Force on (I) pointcharge (2) current carrying wire (3) between current elements. Torque on a current loopin a uniform Magnetic Field. Ballistic Galvanometer: Torque on a current Loop. Ballistic Galvanometer: Current:nd Charge Sensitivity. Electromagnetic damping.Logarithmic damping.CDR. Unit-IV: Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's Law. Lenz's Law.Self Inductance and Mutuaj lnductance.Reciprocity Theorem. Energy stored in a Magnetic Field. Introduction toMaxwell's Equations. Charge Conservation and Displacement current. Network theorems: Ideal Constant-voltage and Constant-current Sources. NetworkTheorems: Thevenin theorem, Norton theorem, Superposition theorem, Reciprocity theorem, Maximum Power Transfertheorem. Applications to de circuits. AC Circuits: AC Circuits: Kirchhoff's laws for AC circuits. Complex Reactance and Impedance. Series LCR Circuit: Resonance, Power Dissipation and,Quality Factor, and Band Width. Parallel LCR Circuit. Suggested Readings : I.Electricity, Magnetism & Electromagnetic Theory, S. Mahajan and Choudhury, 2012, Tata McGraw 2.Electromagnetics, B. B. Laud, New Age International Publishers. 3.Introduction to Electrodynamics, DJ. Griffiths, 3rd Edn., 1998, Benjamin Cummings. 4.Feynman Lectures Vol.2, R.P.Feynman, R.B.Leighton, M. Sands, 2008, Pearson Education 5.Elements of Electro magnetics, M.N.O. Sadiku, 2010, Oxford University Press. 6. Electricity and Magnetism, DC Tayal, Himalayan Publishing House 7. Electromagnetism Theory and applications, A. Pramanik, PHI PRACTICAL I. Use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages, (c) DC Current, (d) Capacitances, and (e) Checking electrical fuses. 2. To study the characteristics of a series RC Circuit. 3. To determine an unknown Low Resistance using Potentiometer. 4. To determine an unknown Low Resistance using Carey Foster's Bridge. 5. To compare capacitances using De'Sauty's bridge. 6. Measurement offield strength B and its variation in a solenoid (determine dB/dx) 7. To verify the Thevenin and Norton theorems. 8. Measurement of charge and current sensitivity and COR of Ballistic Galvanometer 9. Determine a high resistance by leakage method using Ballistic Galvanometer. 10. To determine self-inductance of a coil by Rayleigh's method. Reference Books:

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• Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House • A Text Book of Practical Physics, LPrakash & Ramakrishna, II th Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal. • Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4thEdition, eprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers • Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi and B.Mallick, 2015, Cengage Learning. • A Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Pub.


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Semester – II Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) - IV WAVES AND OPTICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I : Wave Motion: Plane and Spherical Waves. Longitudinal and Transverse Waves.PlaneProgressive (Travelling) Waves. Wave Equation.Particle and Wave Velocities.Differential Equation.Pressure of a Longitudinal Wave/Energy Transport/Intensity ofWave. Water Waves: Ripple and Gravity Waves. Superposition of Collinear Harmonic oscillations: Linearity and SuperpositionPrinciple.Superposition of two collinear oscillations having (1) equal frequencies and(2) different frequencies (Beats). Superposition of N collinear Harmonic Oscillationswith (1) equal phase differences and (2) equal frequency differences. Superposition of two perpendicular Harmonic Oscillations: Graphical and AnalyticalMethods. Lissajous Figures with equal an unequal frequency and their uses. Unit-II : Geometrical Optics: Fermat's principle, reflection and refraction at plane surface, Matrix formulation of optics, cardinal points, application to thin &thick lens, Ramsden's and Huygens's eyepiece, Brief idea about aberration, seidel aberration (spherical aberration) ,chromatic aberration, achromatism, total internal reflection, mirage and looming, Idea of dispersion, primary and secondary rainbow. Unit-III : Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light.Definition and properties of wave front.HuygensPrinciple.Temporal and Spatial Coherence. Interference: Division of amplitude and wavefront. Young's double slit experiment.Lloyd's Mirror and Fresnel's Biprism. Phase change on reflection: Stokes' treatment.lnterference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination(Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton's Rings:Measurement of wavelength and refractive index. Interferometer: Michelson Interferometer-(1) Idea ofform of fringes (No theoryrequired), (2) Determination of Wavelength, (3) Wavelength Difference, (4) Refractivelndex, and (5) Visibility of Fringes. Fabry-Perot interferometer. Unit-IV: Fresnel Diffraction: Fresnel's Assumptions. Fresnel's Half-Period Zones for Plane Wave. Explanation of Rectilinear Propagation of Light. Theory of a Zone Plate: Multiple Foci of a Zone Plate. Fresnel's integral, Fresnel diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a slit and a wire. Fraunhoffer diffraction: Circular aperture, Single slit, double slit, N-slit, . Diffraction grating. Resolving power of grating and telescope. Suggested Readings : l.Waves: Berkeley Physics Course, vol. 3, Francis Crawford, 2007, Tata McGraw-HilI. 2.Fundamentals of Optics, F.A. Jenkins and H.E. White, 1981, McGraw-Hill 3.Principles of Optics, Max Born and Emil Wolf, 7'hEdn., 1999, Pergamon Press. 4.0ptics, AjoyGhatak, 2008, Tata McGraw Hill 5.The Physics ofYibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons. 6.The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj, 1998, Tata McGraw Hill. 7.Fundamental of Optics, A. Kumar, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 2011, R. Chand Publications. 8. Optics, E. Hecht, Pearson. 9. A Text Book Of Optics, M.N. Avadhanulu and Brij LaJ, S Chand. PRACTICAL 1. To determine the frequency of tuning fork by Melde's experiment and verify,,? - T law. 2. To study Lissajous Figures. 3. Familiarization with: Schuster's focusing; determination of angle of prism. 4. To determine refractive index of the Material of a prism using sodium source. 5. To determine Cauchy constants of the material of a prism using mercury source. 6. To determine the wavelength of sodium source using Michelson's interferometer. 7. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism. 8. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton's Rings. 9. To determine wavelength of (1) Na source and (2) spectral lines of Hg source using plane diffraction grating. 10.To determine dispersive power and resolving power of a plane diffraction grating.

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Reference Books • Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House • A Text Book of Practical Physics, I. Prakash & Ramakrishna, IIth Ed., 2011, Kitab Mahal • Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers • A Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes, D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Pub.


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2nd Year Semester – III

Core Course : PHYSICS Core Course (C.C.) – V

MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-II Full Marks : 100

Unit--I Fourier Series: Periodic functions. Orthogonality of sine and cosine functions, Dirichlet Conditions. Expansion of periodic functions in a series of sine andcosine functions and determination of Fourier coefficients.Complex representation of Fourier series Even and odd functions and their Fourier expansions. Application: Summing of Infinite Series. Parseval Identity. Unit-II Some Special Integrals: Beta and Gamma Functions and Relation between them. Expression of Integrals in term of Gamma Functions. Partial Differential Equations: Solutions to partial differential equation. using separation or variables: Laplace's Equation in problems of rectangular, cylindrical and spherical symmetry Unit-III Frobenius Method and Special Functions: Singular Points of Second Order Linear Differential Equations. Frobenius method and its applications to differential equations. Legendre. Bes el. Hermite and Laguerre Differential Equations.Properties of Legendre Polynomials: Rodrigues Formula. Generating Function, Orthogonal ity. Simple recurrence relations. Expansion of function in a series of Legendre Polynomials. Unit-IV Application of Partial Differential Equations to Waves: Wave equation and its solution for vibrational modes ofa stretched string. Velocity of Transverse Vibrations of Stretched Strings. Clocity of Longitudinal Waves in a Fluid in a Pipe. ewton's Formula for Velocity of Sound.l.aplaces Correction.Standing (Stationary) Waves in a String: Fixed and Free Ends.Energy of" Vibratingtring.Transfer of Energy.Normal Modes or Stretched Strings. Longitudinal Standing Waves and orrnal Modes. Plucked and Struck Strings. Suggested Readings : I.Mathematical Methods for Physicists: Arfken, Weber, 2005. Harris. Elsevier. 2.Fourier Analy is by M.R. Spiegel. 2004. Tata McGraw-HilI. 3.Mathematics for Physicists. Susan M. Lea. 2004. Thorn on Brooks/Cole. 4. Differential Equations. George F. Simmons. 2006. Tata Mcfiraw-Hi!l. 5.Partial Differential Equations for Scientists & Engineers, S.J. Farlow. 1993, Dover Pub. 6.Engineering Mathematics, S.Pal and S.c. Bhunia, 2015, Oxford University Press 7.Mathematicalmethods for Scientists & Engineers, D.A. McQuarrie, 2003, Viva Bo 8.The Physics of Vibrations and Waves, H. J. Pain, 2013, John Wiley and Sons. 9.The Physics of Waves and Oscillations, N.K. Bajaj. 1998, Tata McGraw Hill.

PHYSICS LAB-C V LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marks]

Introduction to Numerical computation software Scilab Introduction to Scilab, , Command window. Figure window, Edit window, Variables and arrays, Initialising variables, Multidimensional arrays, Subarray,Special values, Displaying output data, data file, Scalar and array operations, Hierarchy of operations, Built in Scilab functions, Introduction to plotting, 20 and 3D plotting, Plotting algebraic and trigonometric functions, plotting data from files. Branching Statements and program design, Relational & logical operators, the while loop, for loop. details of loop operations. Break & continue statements. nested loops. logical arrays and vectorization User defined functions Variable passing in Scilab, optional arguments, Complex and Character data, string function. Scilab file processing, tile opening and closing, Binary I/o functions. comparing binary and formatted functions, Curve fitting, Least square fit, Goodness of tit, standard deviation Ohms law to calculate R, Hooke's law to calculate spring constant Solution of Linear system of equations by Gauss elimination method and Gauss Seidal method. Diagonalization of matrices, Inverse of a matrix, Eigen vectors, eigen values problems Solution of mesh equations of electric circuits (3 meshes) Solution of coupled spring mass systems (3 masses) Reference Books: I.Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineers, K.F Riley. M.P. Hobson and S. J. Bence ..3rd ed., 2006, Cambridge University Press

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2.Computational Physics, D.Walker, 1st Edn., 2015, Scientific International Pvt. Ltd. 3.Simulation ofODE/PDE Models with MATLAB®, aCTA VE and SCILAB: Scientific and Engineering Applications: A.V. Wouwer, P. Saucez, C.V. Fernandez. 2014 Springer 4.Scilab by example: M. Affouf2012, 5.Scilab (A free software to Matlab): H.Ramchandran. A.S. air. 2011 S.Chand & Company 6.Scilab Image Processing: Lambert M. Surhone. 20 I0 Betascript Publishing 7.www.scilab. in/textbook _companion/generate _ book/29I II


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Semester – III Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) – VI THERMAL PHYSICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Introduction to Thermodynamics: Recapitulation of Zeroth and First law of thermodynamics. Second Law of Thermodynamics: Reversible and Irreversible process .Conversion of Work into Heat and Heat into Work. Heat Engines. Carnot's Cycle, Carnot engine & efficiency. Refrigerator & coefficient of performance, Second Law of Thermodynamics: Kelvin-Planck and Clausius Statements and their Equivalence. Carner's Theorem. Applications of Second Law of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Scale of Temperature and its Equivalence to Perfect Gas Scale. Entropy: Concept of Entropy, Clausius Theorem. Clausius Inequality. Entropy ofa perfect gas. Principle of Increase of Entropy. Entropy Changes in Reversible and irreversible processes. Entropy of the Universe. Temperature-Entropy diagrams for Carnot's Cycle. Third Law of Thermodynamics. Unattainabilityof Absolute Zero. Unit-II Thermodynamic Potentials: Thermodynamic Potentials: Internal Energy, Enthalpy, Helmholtz Free Energy, Gibb's Free Energy. Definitions, Properties and applications. Magnetic Work, Cooling due to adiabatic demagnetization, First and second order Phase Transitions with examples, Clausius-Clapeyron Equation and Ehrenfest equations. Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations: Derivations and applications of Maxwell's Relations:(I) Clausius-Clapeyron equation, (2) Specific heats of Gases ,Values ofCp-Cv,(3) TdS Equations, (4) Joule- Kelvin coefficient for Ideal and Van der Waal Gases, (5)Energy equations, (6) Change of Temperature during Adiabatic Process. Unit-III Kinetic Theory of Gases: Degrees of Freedom. Law of Equipartition of Energy Distribution of Velocities: Maxwell-Boltzmann Law of Distribution of Velocities in an Ideal Gas and its Experimental Verification. Doppler Broadening of Spectral Lines and Stern's Experiment. Mean, RMS and Most Probable Speeds. Molecular Collisions: Mean Free Path. Collision Probability. Mean Free Path. Transport Phenomenon in Ideal Gases: (1) Viscosity, (2) Thermal Conductivity and (3) Diffusion. Einstein's theory of Brownian Motion and its Significance. Unit-IV Real Gases: Behaviour of Real Gases: Deviations from the Ideal Gas Equation. TheVirial Equation Andrew's Experiments on CO2 Gas. Critical points and their relations. Boyle's Temperature. Van der Waal's Equation of State for Real Gases. Values of Critical Constants. Law of Corresponding States. Comparison with Experimental Curves. P-V Diagrams. Joule's Experiment. Adiabatic Expansion of a Perfect Gas. Joule-Thomson Porous Plug Experiment. Joule-Thomson Effect for Real and Van der Waal Gases. Temperature of Inversion. Joule-Thomson Cooling. Suggested Readings : I. Heat and Thermodynamics, M. W. Zemansky, Richard Dittman, 198 I. McGraw-HilI. 2. A Treatise on Heat, MeghnadSaha, and B. .Srivastava, 1958, Indian Press 3. Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and Ghosh, 2ndEdition, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hili 4. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009, Springer. 5. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory & Statistical Thermodynamics, Sears & Salinger. 1988, arosa. 6. Concepts in Thermal Physics, S.J. Blundell and K.M. Blundell, 2nd Ed .. 2012, Oxford University Press

PHYSICS LAB- C VI LAB 20 Lectures [25 marks]

I. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat, J, by radiation correction method. 2. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity of Cu by Searle's Apparatus. 3. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity ofCu by Angstrom's Method. 5. To study the variation of Thermo-Emf of a Thermocouple with Difference of Temperature of its Two Junctions. 6.To determine the specific heat of unknown liquid by cooling method. 7. To determine the Coefficient of Thermal Conductivity ofa bad conductor by Lee and Charlton's disc method. 8. To determine the latent heat of fusion of ice. 9.To determine latent heat of vaporization of water.

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10.to determine the water equivalent of a calorimeter by the method of mixtures. Reference Books l.Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House 2.A Text Book of Practical Physics. I.Prakash & Ramakrishna, II th Ed., 20 II, Kitab Mahal 3.Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition. reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers 4.A Laboratory Manual of Physics for undergraduate classes,D.P.Khandelwal, 1985, Vani Pub.


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Semester – III Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) – VII ANALOG SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Semiconductor Diodes: P and N type semiconductors. Energy Level Diagram. Conductivity and Mobility, Drift velocity. PN Junction Fabrication. Barrier Formation in PN Junction Diode. Static and Dynamic Resistance. Current Flow Mechanism in Forward and Reverse Biased Diode. Principleand structure of (I) LEDs, (2) Photodiode and (3) Solar Cell. Two-terminal Devices and their Applications: (I) Rectifier Diode: Half-wave Rectifiers. Centretapped and Bridge Full-wave Rectifiers, Calculation of Ripple Factor and Rectification Efficiency, C-filter and L-filter (2) Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation Unit-II Bipolar Junction transistors: n-p-n and p-n-p Transistors. Characteristics ofCB, CEand CC Configurations. Current gains a and ~ relations between a and B. Load line analysis of transistors. DC Load line and Q-point. Physical Mechanism of Current Flow. Active, Cutoff and Saturation Regions. Amplifiers: Transistor Biasing and Stabilization Circuits. Fixed Bias and Voltage Divider Bias. Transistor as 2-port network. h-parameter equivalent circuit. Classification of Class A, B & C Amplifiers.Analysis ofa single-stage CE amplifier using Hybrid Model. Input and Output Impedance. Current, Voltage and Power Gains. Unit-III Coupled Amplifier: Two stage RC-coupled amplifier and its frequency response. gain, input and output impedance. Feedback in Amplifiers: Effects of Positive and Negative Feedback on Input Impedance, Output Impedance, Gain, Stability, Distortion and Noise. Sinusoidal Oscillators: Barkhausen's Criterion for self-sustained oscillations. RC Phase shift oscillator, determination of Frequency. Hartley &Colpitts oscillators. Unit-IV Operational Amplifiers (Black Box approach): Characteristics of an Ideal andPractical Op-Arnp. (lC 741) Open-loop and Closed-loop gain. Frequency response. CMRR. Slew Rate and concept of Virtual ground. Applications of Op-Amps: (1) Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers, (2) Adder, (3)Subtractor. (4) Differentiator, (5) Integrator, (6) Log amplifier, (7) Zero crossing detector (8) Wein bridge oscillator. Suggested Readings : 1. Integrated Electronics, J. Millman and c.c. Halkias, 1991, Tata Mc-Graw Hill. 2. Electronics: Fundamentals and Applications, 1.D. Ryder, 2004, Prentice Hall. 3. Solid State Electronic Devices, B.G.Streetman&S.K.Banerjee, 6th Edn.,2009, PHI Learning 4. Electronic Devices & circuits, S.Salivahanan&N.S.Kumar, 3rd Ed., 2012, Tata Mc-Graw Hill 5. OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice Hall 6. Microelectronic circuits, A.S. Sedra, K.C. Smith, A.N. Chandorkar, 2014, 6th Edn. 7. Oxford University Press. 8. Electronic circuits: Handbook of design & applications, U.Tietze, C.Schenk.2008, Springer 9. Semiconductor Devices: Physics and Technology. S.M. Sze. 2nd Ed .. 2002. Wiley India 10. Microelectronic Circuits. M.H. Rashid. 21ldEdition. Cengage Learning 11. Electronic Devices. 7/e Thomas L. Floyd. 2008. Pearson India PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C VII LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marks] 1. To study V-I characteristics of PN junction diode, and Light emitting diode. 2. To study the V-I characteristics ofa Zener diode and its use as voltage regulator. 3. Study of V-I & power curves of solar cells, and find maxi mum power poi nt & efficiency. 4. To study the characteristics ofa Bipolar Junction Transistor in CE configuration. 5. To study the various biasing configurations of BJT for normal class A operation. 6. To design a CE transistor amplifier of a given gain (mid-gain) using voltage divider bias. 7. To study the frequency response of voltage gain ofa RC-coupled transistor amplifier. 8. To design a Wien bridge oscillator for given frequency using an op-arnp. 9. To design a phase shift oscillator of given specifications using BJT. 10. To study the Colpitts oscillator. 11. To design a digital to analog converter (DAC) of given specifications.

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12. To study the analog to digital convertor (ADC) Ie. 13. To design an inverting amplifier using Op-arnp (741,351) for dc voltage of given gain 14. To design inverting amplifier using Op-amp (741,351) and study its frequency response 15. To design non-inverting amplifier using Op-arnp (741.351) & stud) its frequency response. 16. To add two de voltages using Op-arnp in inverting and non-inverting mode. 17. To investigate the use of an op-arnp as an Integrator. ' 18. To investigate the use of an op-amp as a Differentiator. Reference Books: 1. Basic Electronics: A text lab manual. P.B. Zbar. A.P. Malvino. M.A. Miller. 1994. Mc-Graw Hill. 2.OP-Amps and Linear Integrated Circuit, R. A. Gayakwad, 4th edition, 2000, Prentice Hall. 3. Electronic Principle, Albert Malvino, 2008, Tata Mc-Graw Hill. 4. Electronic Devices & circuit Theory, R.L. Boylestad & L.D. ashelsky, 2009, Pearson


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Semester – IV Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) – VIII MATHEMATICAL PHYSICS-III

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Complex Analysis: Brief Revision of Complex Numbers and their Graphical Representation. Euler's formula, De Moivre's theorem, Roots of Complex numbers. Functions of Complex Variables. Analyticity and Cauchy-Riemann Conditions. Examples of analytic functions. Singular functions: poles and branch points. order of singularity. branch cuts. Integration of a function of a complex variable. Cauchy's Inequality. Cauchy's Integral formula. Simple and multiple connected region. Laurent and Taylor's expansion. Residues and Residue Theorem. Application in solving Definite Integrals. Unit-II Fourier Transforms: Fourier Integral theorem. Fourier Transform. Examples. Fouriertransform of trigonometric, Gaussian, finite wave train & other functions. Representation of Dirac delta function as a Fourier Integral. Fourier transform of derivatives, Inverse Fourier transform, Convolution theorem. Properties of Fouriertransforms (translation, change of scale, complex conjugation, etc.). Unit-III Laplace Transforms: Laplace Transform (L T) of Elementary functions. Properties ofL Ts: Change of Scale Theorem, Shifting Theorem. LTs of first and second order Derivatives and Integrals of Functions, Derivatives and Integrals of LTs. LT of Unit Step function. Dirac Delta function. Periodic Functions. Convolution Theorem. Inverse LT. Unit-IV Applications of Fourier and Laplace transforms: Three dimensional Fourier transforms with examples. Application of Fourier Transforms to differential equations: One dimensional Wave and Diffusion/Heat Flow Equations. Application of Laplace Transforms to second order Differential Equations: Damped Harmonic Oscillator, Simple Electrical Circuits, Coupled differential equations of first order. Solution of heat flow along infinite bar using Laplace transform. Suggested Readings :

1. Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineers, K.F Riley, M.P. Hobson and S. LBence. 3rd ed., 2006, Cambridge University Press

2. Mathematics for Physicists, P. Dennery and A.Krzywicki, 1967, Dover Publications 3. Complex Variables, A.S.Fokas&M.J.Ablowitz, 8th Ed., 20 II, Cambridge Univ. Press 4. Complex Variables, A.K. Kapoor, 2014, Cambridge Univ. Press 5. Complex Variables and Applications. J.W. Brown & R.V. Churchill. 7111 Ed. 2003. Tata McGraw-Hili 6. First course in complex analysis with applications, D.G. Zill and P.O. Shanahan. 7. Fourier series by M.R. Spiegel, 2004, Tata McGraw-Hili 8. Mathematical Methods for Physicists: Arfken, Weber, 2005, Harris, Elsevier.

PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C VIII LAB 20 Lectures [25 marks] Scilab/C++ based simulations experiments based on Mathematical Physics problems like l.Nurnerical differentiation (Forward an.9.-Backward difference formula) and Integration (Trapezoidal and Simpson rules), Monte Carlo method. Given Position with equidistant time data to calculate velocity and acceleration and vice versa. Find the area of B-H Hysteresis loop 2. Solution of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE) First order Differential equation Euler. modified Euler and Runge-Kutta (RK) second and fourth order methods. First order differential equation a) Radioactive decay b) Current in RC, LC circuits with DC source c) Newton's law of cooling d) Classical equations of motion 3. Attempt following problems using RK 4 order method: Solve the coupled differential equations dy X3 dy dx = X + y - 3'" ; dx = -x for four initial conditions x(O) = O. y(O) = -I, -2, -3, -4.

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Plot x vs y for each of the four initial conditions on the same screen for 0 ~ t ~ 15. 4. Solve differential equations: i. dy/dx=exwithy=Oforx=O II. dy/dx+e-Xy=x2 III. d2y/dt2+2dy/dt=-y IV. d2y/dt2 + e-t dy f dt: = -y 3. Fourier Series: Program to sum L~=1(0.2)n . Evaluate the Fourier coefficients ofa given periodic function (square wave) 4. Compute the nth roots of unity for n = 2, 3, and 4. 5. Find the two square roots of-5+12j. Reference Books: l.Mathematical Methods for Physics and Engineers, K.F Riley, M.P. Hobson and S. J. Bence, 3rd ed., 2006, Cambridge University Press 2.Mathematics for Physicists, P. Dennery and A. Krzywicki, 1967, Dover Publications 3.Simulation ofODE/PDE Models with MATLAB®, OCTAVE and SCILAB: Scientific and Engineering Applications: A. Vande Wouwer, P. Saucez, C. V. Fernandez. 2014 Springer ISBN: 978-3319067896 4.A Guide to MATLAB, B.R. Hunt, R.L. Lipsman, J.M. Rosenberg, 2014, 3rd Edn., Cambridge University Press 5.Scilab by example: M. Affouf, 2012. ISBN: 978-1479203444 6.Scilab (A free software to Matlab): l-l.Ramchandran, A.S.Nair. 2011 S.Chand & Company 7.Scilab Image Processing: Lambert M. Surhone. 2010 Betascript Publishing


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Core Course (C.C.) – IX ELEMENTS OF MODERN PHYSICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Wave-particle duality: Inadequacy of classical mechanics, Quantum theory of Light: Planck's quantum theory; Blackbody radiation; Photo-electric effect and Compton effect ,dual nature of radiation, wave nature of particles, De Broglie hypothesis, Davisson-Germer experiment., wave-particle duality, complementarity. Group and Phase velocities and relation between them. Unit-II Uncertainty principle and its applications: Position measurement- gamma ray microscope thought experiment; Heisenberg uncertainty principle (Uncertainty relations involving Canonical pair of variables), Estimating minimum energy of a confined particle using uncertainty principle; absence of electrons inside nucleus. Two slit interference experiment with photons, atoms and particles; linear superposition principle as a consequence Unit-III Atomic models and spectra: Atomic spectra, line spectra of H atom, Ritz-Rydberg combination principle, a particle scattering, Rutherford scattering formula, Rutherford model of atom and its limitations, Bohr's model of H atom, explanation of atomic spectra, correction for finite mass of the nucleus, Bohr correspondence principle, limitations of Bohr's model, discrete energy exchange by atom, Frank-Hertz experiment, Sommerfeld's modification of Bohr's theory. Unit-IV Nuclear Physics: Size and structure of atomic nucleus and its relation with atomic weight; ature of nuclear force, N-Z graph, Liquid Drop model, semi-empirical mass formula and Binding energy. Radioactivity: stability of the nucleus; Law of radioactive decay; Mean life and half-life; Alpha decay; Beta decay; Gamma ray emission, energy-momentum conservation: electron-positron pair creation by gamma photons in the vicinity ofa nucleus. Fission and fusion- mass deficit, relativity and generation of energy; Fission - nature of fragments and emission of neutrons. Nuclear reactor: slow neutrons interacting with Uranium 235; Fusion and thermonuclear reactions driving stellar energy (briefqualitative discussions). Suggested Readings : I. Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2002, McGraw-Hill. 2. Introduction to Modern Physics, Rich Meyer, Kennard, Coop, 2002, Tata McGraw Hill 3. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, David J. Griffith, 2005, Pearson Education. 4. Physics for scientists and Engineers with Modern Physics, Jewett and Serway. 20 J O. Cengage Learning. 5. Modern Physics, G.Kaur and G.R. Pickrell. 2014, McGraw Hill 6 Modern Physics, J.R. Taylor. C.D. Zafiratos, M.A. Dubson, 2004, PHI Learning. 7 Theory and Problems of Modern Physics, Schaum's outline, R. Gautreau and W. Savin, 2nd Edn, Tata McGraw-Hili Publishing Co. Ltd. 8 Quantum Physics, Berkeley Physics, VoI.4.E.H.Wichman, 1971, Tata McGraw-Hili Co. 9 Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics, K.Heyde, 3rd Edn., Institute of Physics Pub. 10 Six Ideas that Shaped Physics: Particle Behave like Waves, T.A.Moore, 2003, McGraw Hill PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C IX LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marks) I. Measurement of Planck's constant using black body radiation and photo-detector 2. Photo-electric effect: photo current versus intensity and wavelength of light; maxi mum energy of photo-electrons versus frequency of light 3. To determine work function of material of filament of directly heated vacuum diode. 4. To determine the Planck's constant using LEOs of at least 4 different colours. 5. To determine the wavelength of H-alpha emission line of Hydrogen atom. 6. To determine the ionization potential of mercury. 7. To determine the absorption lines in the rotational spectrum of Iodine vapour. 8. To determine the value of elm by (a) Magnetic focusing or (b) Bar magnet. 9. To setup the Millikan oil drop apparatus and determine the charge of an electron.

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10. To show the tunneling effect in tunnel diode using 1-V characteristics. II. To determine the wavelength of laser source using diffraction of single slit. 12. To determine the wavelength of laser source using di ffraction of double sl its. 13. To determine (I) wavelength and (2) angular spread of He- e laser using plane diffraction grating Reference Books I.Advanced Practical Physics for students, B. L. FIint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971. Asia Publishing House 2.Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael elson and Jon M. Ogborn. 4th Edition. reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers 3.A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash & Ramakrishna, 11th Edn, 2011 ,Kitab Mahal


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Core Course (C.C.) – X: DIGITAL SYSTEMS AND APPLICATIONS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Digital Circuits: Difference between analog and Digital Circuits, Binary numbers, Decimal to Binary and Binary to Decimal Conversion. BCD, Octal and Hexa -decirnal numbers. AND, OR and NOT Gates (realization using Diodes and Transistor). NAND and NOR Gates as Universal Gates. XOR and XNOR Gates and application as Parity Checkers. Boolean algebra: De Morgan's Theorems. Boolean Laws. Simplification of Logic Circuit using Boolean Algebra. Fundamental products. Idea of Min terms and Max terms. Conversion of a Truth table into Equivalent Logic Circuit by (I) Sum of Products Method and (2) Karnaugh Map. Unit-II Integrated Circuits Active & Passive components. Discrete components, Wafer, Chip. Advantages and drawbacks of ICs. Scale of integration: SSI, MSI, LSI and VLSI (basic idea and definitions only). Classification of ICs. Examples of Linear and Digital ICs. Arithmetic Circuits: Binary Addition. Binary Subtraction using 2's Complement. Half and Full Adders. Half & Full Subtractors, 4-bit binary Adder/Subtractor. Unit-III Introduction to CRO: Block Diagram ofCRO. Electron Gun, Deflection System and Time Base. Deflection Sensitivity. Applications ofCRO: (I) Study of Waveform, (2) Measurement of Voltage. Current, Frequency, and Phase Difference. Data processing circuits: Basic idea of Multiplexers, De-multiplexers, Decoders, Encoders. Timers: IC 555: block diagram and applications: Astable-multi vibrator and Monostable multi vibrator. Unit-IV Computer Organization: Input/Output Devices. Data storage (Idea of RAM and ROM).Computer memory. Memory organization & addressing. Memory Interfacing. Memory Map. Shift registers: Serial-in-Serial-out, Serial-in-Parallel-out, Parallel-in-Serial-out and Parallel-in-Parallelout Shift Registers (only up to 4 bits). Suggested Readings : I. Digital Principles and Applications, A.P. Malvino, D.P.Leach and Saha, 7th Ed., 20 I I, Tata McGraw 2. Fundamentals of Digital Circuits, Anand Kumar, 2ndEdn, 2009, PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd. 3. Digital Circuits and systems, Venugopal, 20 II, Tata McGraw Hill. 4. Digital Electronics G K Kharate ,20 I0, Oxford University Press 5. Digital Systems: Principles & Applications, R.J.Tocci, N.s. Widmer, 200 I, PHI Learning 6. Logic circuit design, Shimon P. Vingron, 2012, Springer. 7. Digital Electronics, SubrataGhoshal, 2012. Cengage Learning. 8. Digital Electronics, S.K. Mandai, 2010, 1st edition, McGraw Hill 9. Microprocessor Architecture Programming & applications with 8085. 2002, R.S. Goankar, Prentice Hall. PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C X LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marksl 1. To measure (a) Voltage, and (b) Time period of a periodic waveform using CRO. 2. To test a Diode and Transistor using a Multimeter. 3. To design a switch (NOT gate) using a transistor. 4. To verify and design A D, OR, NOT and XOR gates using NA D gates. 5. To design a combinational logic system for a specified Truth Table. 6. To convert a Boolean expression into logic circuit and design it using logic gate ICs. 7. To minimize a given logic circuit. 8. Half Adder, Full Adder and 4-bit binary Adder. 9. HalfSubtractor, Full Subtractor, Adder-Subtractor using Full Adder I.C. 10. To build Flip-Flop (RS, Clocked RS, D-type and JK) circuits using NAND gates. 11. To build JK Master-slave flip-flop using Flip-Flop ICs 12. To build a 4-bit Counter using D-type/JK Flip-Flop ICs and study timing diagram. 13. To make a 4-bit Shift Register (serial and parallel) using D-type/JK Flip-Flop lCs. 14. To design an astable multi vibrator of given specifications using 555 Timer. 15. To design a monostable rnultivibrator of given specifications using 555 Timer.

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16. Write thefollowing programs using 8085 Microprocessor a) Addition and subtraction of numbers using direct addressing mode b) Addition and subtraction of numbers usi ng indi rect addressing mode c) Multiplication by repeated addition. d) Division by repeated subtraction. e) Handling of 16-bit Numbers. f) Use of CALL and RETURN Instruction. Reference Books: 1.Modern Digital Electronics, R.P. Jain, 4th Edition, 20 I0, Tata McGraw Hill. 2.Basic Electronics: A text lab manual, P.B. Zbar, A.P. Malvino, M.A. Miller, Mc-Graw Hill. 3.Microprocessor Architecture Programming and applications with 8085, R.S. Goankar. 2002. Prentice Hall. 4.Microprocessor 8085:Architecture. Programming and interfacing. A. Wadhwa. PH I Learning.


34

3rd Year Semester – V

Core Course : PHYSICS Core Course (C.C.) – XI

QUANTUM MECHANICS AND APPLICATIONS Theory: 50 Lectures

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Time dependent Schrodinger equation &Operators: Time dependent Schrodinger equation and dynamical evolution of a quantum state; Properties of Wave Function. Interpretation of Wave Function Probability and probability current densities in three dimensions; Conditions for Physical Acceptability of Wave Functions. Normalization .Linearity and Superposition Principles. Eigenvalues and Eigen functions. Position, momentum and Energy operators; commutator of position and momentum operators; Expectation values of position and momentum. Wave Function of a Free Particle. Unit-II Time independent Schrodinger equation-Hamiltonian, stationary states and energy eigenvalues; expansion of an arbitrary wave function as a linear combination of energy eigen functions; General solution of the time dependent Schrodinger equation in terms oflinear combinations. of stationary states; Application to spread of Gaussian wave-packet for a free particle in one dimension; wave packets, Fourier transforms and rnomenturnspace wavefunction; Position-momentum uncertainty principle. Unit-III General discussion of bound states in an arbitrary potential- continuity of wave function. Boundary condition and emergence of discrete energy levels; application to one-dimensional problem-square well potential; Quantum mechanics of simple harmonic oscillator-energy levels and energy eigen functions, ground state, zero point energy & uncertainty principle. Unit-IV Atoms in Electric & Magnetic Fields: Electron angular momentum. Space quantization. Electron Spin and Spin Angular Momentum. Larmor's Theorem. Spin Magnetic Moment. Stern-Gerlach Experiment. Electron Magnetic Moment and Magnetic Energy, Gyrornagnetic Ratio and Bohr Magneton. Atoms in External Magnetic Fields:- Normal and Anomalous Zeeman Effect. Paschen Back and Stark Effect (Qualitative Discussion only). Suggested Readings : 1. A Text book of Quantum Mechanics, P.M.Mathews and K.Venkatesan, 2nd Ed. 2. 20 I0, McGraw Hill 3. Quantum Mechanics, Robert Eisberg and Robert Resnick. 2nd Edn., 2002, Wiley. 4. Quantum Mechanics, Leonard r. Schiff, 3rt! Edn. 2010, Tata McGraw Hill. 5. Quantum Mechanics. G. Aruldhas, 2nd Edn. 2002, PHI Learning of India. 6. Quantum Mechanics, Bruce Cameron Reed. 2008. Jones and Bartlett Learning. 7. Quantum Mechanics: Foundations & Applications. Arno Bohm. 3rd Edn .. 1993. Springer 8. Quantum Mechanics for Scientists & Engineers, D.A.B. Miller, 2008. Cambridge 9. University Press Additional Books for Reference I. Quantum Mechanics, EugenMerzbacher. 2004, John Wiley and Sons, Inc. 2. Introduction to Quantum Mechanics, D.J. Griffith, 2nd Ed. 2005. Pearson Education 3. Quantum Mechanics, Walter Greiner, 4111Edn., 2001, Springer PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C XI LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marks] Use C/C++/Sci/ab for solving the following problems based on Quantum Mechanics like 1. Solve the s-wave Schrodinger equation for the ground state and the first excited state of the hydrogen atom:

푑 푦푑푟

= 퐴(푟)푢(푟),퐴(푟) =2푚ℎ

[푉(푟) − 퐸]푤ℎ푒푟푒푉(푟) = −푒푟

Here, m is the reduced mass of the electron. Obtain the energy eigenvalues and plot the corresponding wavefunctions. Remember that the ground state energy of the hydrogen atom is ≈13.6 eV. Take e = 3.795 (eVA)1/2, hc = 1973 (eVA) and m = 0.511x106 eV/c2 2. Solve the s-wave radial Schrodinger equation for an atom:

푑 푦푑푟


[푉(푟) − 퐸]

35

where m is the reduced mass of the system (which can be chosen to be the mass of an electron). for the screened coulomb potential

푉(푟) = −푒푟푒 /

Find the energy (in eV) of the ground state of the atom to an accuracy of three significant digits. Also, plot the corresponding wavefunction. Take e = 3.795 (eV A)' 2, m = 0.511x106 eV/c2 , and a = 3 A, 5 A. 7 A. In these units he = 1973 (eV A). The ground state energy is expected to be above -12 eV in all three cases. 3. Solve the s-wave radial Schrodinger equation for a particle of mass m:

푑 푦푑푟


[푉(푟) − 퐸] For the anharmonic oscillator potential

푉(푟) =12푘푟 +

13푏푟

for the ground state energy (i n Me V) of particle to an accuracy of three sign ificant digits. Plot the corresponding wave function. Choose m=940 MeV/c2 , k=100 MeV fm-2,b = 0,10,30 MeV frn-3 In these units, ch = 197.3 MeV fm. The ground state energy I expected to lie between 90 and 110 MeV for all three cases. Laboratory based experiments: 4. Study of Electron spin resonance- determine magnetic field as a function of the resonance frequency 5. Study of Zeeman effect: with external magnetic field; H~/.perfine splitting 6. To show the tunneling effect in tunnel diode using 1-V ~racteristics. " Reference Books: 1.Schaum's outline of Programming with C++. J.Hubbard, 2000,McGraw-Hill Publication 2.Numerical Recipes in C: The Art of Scientific Computing, W.H. Pressetal., Cambridge University Press. 3.An introduction to computational Physics. T.Pang. 2nd Edn ..2006. Cambridge Univ. Press 4.Scilab (A Free Software to Matlab): H. Ramchandran. AS Nair. 20 II S. Chand & Co. Cambridge University Press 5. Scilab Image Processing: L.M.Surhone.20 I0 Betascript Publishing PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C XII LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marks) 1. Measurement ofsusceptibility of paramagnetic solution (Quincks Tube Method). 2. To measure the Magnetic susceptibility of Solids. 3. To determine the Coupling Coefficient of a Piezoelectric crystal. 4. To measure the Dielectric Constant of a dielectric Materials with frequency 5. To determine the complex dielectric' constant and plasma frequency of metal using Surface Plasmon resonance (SPR) 6. To determine the refractive index of a dielectric layer using SPR 7. To study the PE Hysteresis loop of a Ferroelectric Crystal. 8. To draw the BH curve of Fe using Solenoid & determine energy loss from Hysteresis. 9. To measure the resistivity ofa semiconductor (Ge) with temperature by four-probe method (room temperature to 150 oC) and to determine its band gap. 10. To determine the Hall coefficient of a semiconductor sample. Reference Books I.Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop. 1971, Asia Publishing House. 2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn. 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers. 3.A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash & Ramakrishna, II th Ed., 20 I I, Kitab Mahal 4.Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall of India.


36

Semester – V Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) – XII SOLID STATE PHYSICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Crystal Structure: Solids: Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Lattice Translation Vectors. Lattice with a Basis - Central and Non-Central Elements. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types of Lattices .Brillouin Zones. Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals. Bragg's Law. Atomic and Geometrical Factor. Unit-II Elementary band theory: Free electron model, nearly free electron model. Kronig- Penny model. Band Gap.Conductor, Semiconductor(P and N type) and insulator. Conductivity of Semiconductor, mobility, Hall Effect and Hall coefficient. Lasers: spontaneous and stimulated Einstein's A and B coefficients, metastable states, optical pumping and population inversion, three-level .four-level lasers, ruby laser, He- e laser. Unit-III Elementary Lattice Dynamics: Lattice Vibrations and Phonons: Linear Mono atomic and Diatomic Chains. Acoustical and Optical Phonons. Qualitative Description of the Phonon Spectrum in Solids. Dulong and Petit's Law, Einstein and Debye theories of specific heat of sol ids. T3Iaw . Superconductivity: Experimental Results. Critical Temperature. Critical magnetic field. Meissm;r effect. Type I and type II Superconductors, London's Equation and Penetration Depth. Isotope effect. Idea of BCS theory (No derivation). Unit-IV Magnetic Properties of Matter: Dia-. Para-, Ferri- and Ferromagnetic Materials. Classical Langevin Theory of dia and Paramagnetic substances. Quantum mechanical treatment of Paramagnetism. Curie's law, Weiss's Theory of Ferromagnetism and Ferromagnetic Domains. Discussion of B-H Curve. Hysteresis and Energy Loss. Dielectric Properties of Materials: Polarization. Local Electric Field at an Atom. Depolarization Field. Electric Susceptibility. Polarizability. Clausius-Mosotti Equation. Classical Theory of Electric Polarizability. Suggested Readings : I. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 811, Edition, 2004. Wiley IndiaPvt. Ltd. 2. Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava. 4th Edition, 2015. Prentice-Hall otlndia 3. Introduction to Solids, Leonid V. Azaroff. 2004, Tata Mc-Graw Hill 4. Solid State Physics, N. W Ashcroft and N.D. Merrnin. 1976, Cengage Learning 5. Solid-state Physics, H. Ibach and H. Luth, 2009, Springer 6. Solid State Physics, Rita John, 2014, McGraw Hill 7. Elementary Solid State Physics, IIe M. Ali Omar. 1999, Pearson India 8. Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, 20 II, Narosa Publications


37

Semester – VI Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) – XIII ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Maxwell Equations: Review of Maxwell's equations. Displacement Current. Vector and Scalar Potentials. Gauge Transformations: Lorentz and Coulomb Gauge. Boundary Conditions at Interface between Different Media. Wave Equations. Plane Waves in Dielectric Media. Poynting Theorem and Poynting Vector. Electromagnetic Energy Density. Physical Concept of Electromagnetic Field Momentum Density and Angular Momentum Density. Unit-II EM Wave Propagation in Unbounded Media: Plane EM waves through vacuum and isotropic dielectric medium, transverse nature of plane EM waves, refractive index and dielectric constant, wave impedance. Propagation through conducting media, relaxation time, skin depth. Electrical conductivity of ionized gases, plasma frequency, refractive index, skin depth, application to propagation through ionosphere. Unit-III Polarization of Electromagnetic Waves: Description of Linear, Circular and Elliptical Polarization. Propagation of E.lVI. Waves in Anisotropic Media. Symmetric Nature of Dielectric Tensor. Fresnel's Formula. Uniaxial and Biaxial Crystals. Light Propagation in Uniaxial Crystal. Double Refraction. Polarization by Double Refraction. Nicol Prism. Ordinary & extraordinary refractive indices. Pr?duction & detection of Plane, Circularly and Elliptically Polarized Light. Phase Retardation Plates: Quarter-Wave and Half-Wave Plates. Babinet-Compensator and its Uses. Analysis of Polarized Light .Rotatorx Polarization: Optical Rotation. Specific rotation. Laurent's half-shade polarimeter. Unit-IV EM Wave in Bounded Media: Reflection & Refraction of plane waves at plane interface between two dielectric media. Laws of Reflection & Refraction. Fresnel's Formulae for perpendicular &;. Parallel polarization cases, Brewster's law. Reflection & Transmission coefficients. Total internal reflection. evanescent waves. Metallic reflection (normal Incidence). Suggested Readings : I. Introduction to Electrodynamics. D.J. Griffiths. 3rd Ed .. 1998. Benjamin Cummings. 2. Elements of Electro magnetics, M.N.O. Sadiku, 2001, Oxford University Press. 3. Introduction to Electromagnetic Theory, T.L. Chow, 2006, Jones & Bartlett Learning 4. Fundamentals of Electromagnetics, M.A.W. Miah, 1982, Tata McGraw Hill 5. Electromagnetic field Theory, R.S. Kshetrirnayun, 2012, Cengage Learning 6. Engineering Electromagnetic, Willian H. Hayt, 8IIl Edition, 2012, McGraw Hill. 7. Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers & Physicists, G. Lehner, 20 I 0, Springer Additional Books for Reference 1. Electromagnetic Fields & Waves, P.Lorrain&D.Corson, 1970, W.H.Freeman& Co. 2. Electromagnetics, J.A. Edminster, Schaum Series, 2006, Tata McGraw Hill PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C XIII LAB 60 Lectures 1. To verify the law of Malus for plane polarized light. 2. To determine the specific rotation of sugar solution using Polarimeter. 3. To analyze elliptically polarized Light by using a Babinet's compensator. 4. To study dependence of radiation on angle for a simple Dipole antenna. 5. To determine the wavelength and velocity of ultrasonic waves in a liquid (Kerosene Oil, Xylene, etc.) by studying the diffraction through ultrasonic grating. 6. To study the reflection, refraction of microwaves 7. To study Polarization and double slit interference in microwaves/light. 8. To determine the refractive index of liquid by total internal retlection using Wollaston's air-film. 9. To determine the refractive Index of( I) glass and (2) a liquid by total internal reflection using a Gaussian eyepiece. 10. To study the polarization of light by reflection and determine the polarizing angle for air-glass interface. 11. To verify the Stefan's law of radiation and to determine Stefan's constant. 12. To determine the Boltzmann constant using V-I characteristics of PN junction diode. Reference Books I.Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971, Asia Publishing House.

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2.Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4th Edition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers 3.A Text Book of Practical Physics, I.Prakash & Ramakrishna, 11th Ed.. 2011. Kitab Mahal 4.Electromagnetic Field Theory for Engineers & Physicists, G. Lehner, 2010, Springer.


39

Semester – VI Core Course : PHYSICS

Core Course (C.C.) – XIV STATISTICAL MECHANICS

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Classical Statistics: Macrostate & Microstate, Elementary Concept of Ensemble, Micro canonical, canonical and grand canonical ensemble, phase space, Entropy and Thermodynamic Probability, Law of Equipartition of Energy(with proof) - Applications to Specific Heat and its Limitations Unit-II Thermodynamic Functions of an Ideal Gas, Classical Entropy Expression, Gibbs Paradox, Sackur- Tetrode equation, Thermodynamic Functions of a Two-Energy Levels System, egative Temperature. Maxwell-Boltzmann Distribution Law, Partition Function, Unit-III Classical Theory of Radiation: Properties of Thermal Radiation. Blackbody Radiation. Pure temperature dependence. Kirchhoffs law. Stefan-Boltzmann law: Thermodynamic proof. Radiation Pressure. Wiens Displacement law. wiens Distribution Law. Rayleigh-Jean's Law. Ultraviolet Catastrophe. Quantum Theory of Radiation: Spectral Distribution of Black Body Radiation. Planck's Quantum Postulates. Planck's Law of Blackbody Radiation: Experimental Verification. Deduction of (I) Wiens Distribution Law, (2) Rayleigh-Jeans Law. (3)Stefan-Boltzmann Law, (4) Wiens Displacement law from Planck's law. Unit-IV Quantum statistics: Identical particles, Fermions and Bosons, Bose-Einstein and Fermi-Dirac distribution function, Bose Einstein condensation, Bose derivation of Planck's law. Degenerate Fermi Gas, Fermi Energy, Electron gas in a Metal, Specific Heat of Metals, effect of temperature on F-D distribution. Suggested Readings : 1. Statistical Mechanics. R.K. Pathria. Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed .. 1996. Oxford University Press. 2. Statistical Physics, Berkeley Physics Course, F. Reif 2008. Tata McGraw-Hili 3. Statistical and Thermal Physics, S. Lokanathan and R.S. Gambhir. 1991, Prentice Hall 4. Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Francis W. Sears and Gerhard L. Sal inger, 1986, Narosa. 5. Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich. 2009, Springer 6. An Introduction to Statistical Mechanics & Thermodynamics, R.H. Swendsen, 2012, Oxford Univ. Press PHYSICS PRACTICAL-C XIV LAB 20 Lectures [25 Marks] Use C/C++/Scilab/other numerical simulations for solving the problems based on Statistical Mechanics like 1. Computational analysis of the behavior ofa collection of particles in a box that satisfy Newtonian mechanics and interact via the Lennard-Jones potential, varying the total number of particles N and the initial conditions: a) Study of local number density in the equilibrium state (i) average; (i i ) fluctuations b) Study of transient behavior of the system (approach to equilibrium) c) Relationship of large N and the arrow of time d) Computation of the velocity distribution of particles for the system and comparison with the Maxwell velocity distribution e) Computation and study of mean molecular speed and its dependence on particle mass f) Computation of fraction of molecules in an ideal gas having speed near the most probable speed 2. Computation of the partition function Z(훽) for examples of systems with a finite number of single particle levels (e.g., 2 level, 3 level, etc.) and a finite number of noninteracting particles N under Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein statistics: a) Study of how Z(훽), average energy <퐸>, energy fluctuation t.E, specific heat at constant volume C, depend upon the temperature, total number of particles N and the spectrum of single particle states. b) Ratios of occupation numbers of various states for the systems considered above. c) Computation of physical quantities at large and small temperature T and d) comparison of various statistics at large and small temperature T. 3. Plot Planck's law for Black Body radiation and compare it with Raleigh-Jeans Law at high temperature and low temperature.

40

4. Plot Specific Heat of Solids (a) Dulong-Petit law, (b) Einstein distribution function, (c) Debye distribution function for high temperature and low temperature and compare them for these two cases. 5. Plot the following functions with energy at different temperatures a) Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution b) Fermi-Dirac distribution c) Bose-Einstein distribution Reference Books: I.Elementary Numerical Analysis, K.E.Atkinson, 3 r d Edn. 2007, Wiley India Edition 2.Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Butterworth Heinemann: 2nd Ed .. 1996. Oxford 3.lntroduction to Modern Statistical Mechanics. D. Chandler. Oxford University Press. 1987 4.Thermodynamics, Kinetic Theory and Statistical Thermodynamics, Francis W. Sears and Gerhard L. Salinger. 1986. Narosa. 5.Modern Thermodynamics with Statistical Mechanics, Carl S. Helrich, 2009. Springer 6.Statistical and Thermal Physics with computer applications, Harvey Gould and Jan Tobochnik, Princeton University Press, 20 IO. 7.Scilab by example: M. Affouf, 2012. ISBN: 978-1479203444 8.Scilab Image Processing: L.M.Surhone. 2010, Betascript Pub


41

3rd Year Semester – V

PHYSICS PHYSICS-DSE- I

CLASSICAL DYNAMICS Theory: 75 Lectures

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Classical Mechanics of Point Particles: Review of Newtonian Mechanics; Application to the motion of a charge particle in external electric and magnetic fields- motion in uniform electric field, magnetic field- gyroradius and gyrofrequency, motion in crossed electric and magnetic fields. Unit-II Lagrangian and Hamiltonian dynamics: Generalized coordinates and velocities, Hamilton's principle, Lagrangian and the Euler- Lagrange equations, one-dimensional examples of the Euler-Lagrange equations- onedimensional Simple Harmonic Oscillations and falling body in uniform gravity; applications to simple systems such as coupled oscillators Canonical momenta & Hamiltonian. Hamilton's equations of motion. Applications: Hamiltonian for a harmonic oscillator, solution of Hamilton's equation for Simple Harmonic Oscillations; particle in a central force field- conservation of angular momentum and energy. Unit-III Small Amplitude Oscillations: Minima of potential energy and points of stableequilibrium, expansion of the potential energy around a minimum, small amplitudeoscillations about the minimum, normal modes of oscillations example of N identical masses connected in a linear fashion to (N -1) - identical springs. Unit-IV Special Theory of Relativity: Minkowski space. The invariant interval, light cone and world lines. Space-time diagrams. TimeFour-vectors:space-like, time-like and light-like. Four-velocity and acceleration. Metric and alternating tensors. Four-momentum and energy-momentum relation. Doppler effect from a four-vector perspective. Concept of four- force. Conservation of four-momentum. Relativistic kinematics. Application to two-body decay of an unstable particle. Suggested Readings : 1. Classical Mechanics, H.Goldstein, C.P. Poole, J.L. Safko, 3 rd Edn. 2002,Pearson Education. 2. Mechanics, L. D. Landau and E. M. Lifshitz, 1976, Pergamon. 3. Classical Electrodynamics, J.D. Jackson, 3 rd Edn., 1998, Wiley. 4. The Classical Theory of Fields, L.D Landau, E.M Lifshitz, 4 th Edn., 2003, Elsevier. 5. Introduction to Electrodynamics, DJ. Griffiths, 2012, Pearson Education. 6. Classical Mechanics, P.S. Joag, N.C. Rana, 1 st Edn., McGraw Hall. 7. Classical Mechanics, R. Douglas Gregory, 2015, Cambridge University Press. 8. Classical Mechanics: An introduction, Dieter Strauch, 2009, Springer. 9. Solved Problems in classical Mechanics, O.L. Delange and J. Pierrus, 2010, Oxford Press


42

Semester – V PHYSICS-DSE-II:

NUCLEAR AND PARTICLE PHYSICS Full Marks : 100

Unit-I General Properties of Nuclei: Constituents of nucleus and their Intrinsic properties, quantitative facts about mass, radii, charge density (matter density), binding energy, average binding energy and its variation with mass number, main features of binding energy versus mass number curve, N/A plot, angular momentum, parity, magnetic moment, electric moments, nuclear exciteds states. Nuclear Models: Liquid drop model approach, semi empirical mass formula and significance of its various terms, condition of nuclear stability, two nucleon separation energies, Fermi gas model (degenerate fermion gas, nuclear symmetry potential in Fermi gas), evidence for nuclear shell structure, nuclear magic numbers, basic assumption of shell model. Unit-II Radioactivity decay:(a) Alpha decay: basics of a-decay processes, theory of a-emission, Gamow factor, Geiger Nuttallaw, a-decay spectroscopy. (b) p-decay: energy kinematics for pdecay, positron emission, electron capture, neutrino hypothesis. (c)Gamma decay: Gamma rays emission & kinematics, internal conversion. Nuclear Reactions: Types of Reactions, Conservation Laws, kinematics of reactions, Q-value, reaction rate, reaction cross section, Concept of compound and direct Reaction, resonance reaction, Coulomb scattering (Rutherford scattering). Energy loss due to ionization (Bethe-Block formula), energy loss of electrons, Cerenkov radiation. Unit-III Detector for Nuclear Radiations: Gas detectors: estimation of electric field, mobility of particle, for ionization chamber and GM Counter. Basic principle of Scintillation Detectors and construction of photo-multiplier tube (PMT). Semiconductor Detectors (Si and Ge) for charge particle and photon detection (concept of charge carrier and mobility), neutron detector. Particle Accelerators: Van-de Graaff generator (Tandem accelerator), Linear accelerator, Cyclotron, Synchrotrons. Unit-IV Particle physics: Particle interactions; basic features, types of particles and its families. Symmetries and Conservation Laws: energy and momentum, angular momentum, parity, baryon number, Lepton number, Isospin, Strangeness and charm, concept of quark model, color quantum number and gluons. Suggested Readings : 1. Introductory nuclear Physics by Kenneth S. Krane (Wiley India Pvt. Ltd., 2008). 2. Concepts of nuclear physics by Bernard L. Cohen. (Tata Mcgraw Hill, 1998). 3. Introduction to the physics of nuclei & particles, R.A. Dunlap. (Thomson Asia, 2004). 4. Introduction to High Energy Physics, D.H. Perkins, Cambridge Univ. Press 5. Introduction to Elementary Particles, D. Griffith, John Wiley & Sons 6. Quarks and Leptons, F. Halzen and A.D. Martin, Wiley India, New Delhi 7. Basic ideas and concepts in Nuclear Physics - An Introductory Approach by K. Heyde (IOPInstitute of Physics Publishing, 2004). 8. Radiation detection and measurement, G.F. Knoll (John Wiley & Sons, 2000). 9. Physics and Engineering of Radiation Detection, Syed Naeem Ahmed (Academic Press, Elsevier, 2007). 10. Theoretical Nuclear Physics, J.M. Blatt & V.F.Weisskopf (Dover Pub.lnc. 1991)


43

Semester – VI PHYSICS-DSE-III:

NANO MATERIALS AND APPLICATIONS Full Marks : 100

Unit-I NANOSCALE SYSTEMS: Length scales in physics, Nanostructures: 10, 20 and 3D nanostructures (nanodots, thin films, nanowires, nanorods), Band structure and density of states of materials at nanoscale, Size Effects in nano systems, Quantum confinement: Applications of Schrodinger equation- Infinite potential well, potential step, potential box, quantum confinement of carriers in 3D, 2D, ID nanostructures and its consequences. Unit-II SYNTHESIS OF NANOSTRUCTURE MATERIALS: Top down and Bottom up approach, Photolithography. Ball milling. Gas phase condensation. Vacuum deposition. Physical vapor deposition (PVD): Thermal evaporation, E-beam evaporation, Pulsed Laser deposition. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD). Sol-Gel. Electro deposition. Spray pyrolysis. Hydrothermal synthesis. Preparation through colloidal methods. MBE growth of quantum dots. CHARACTERIZATION: X-Ray Diffraction. Optical Microscopy. Scanning Electron Microscopy. Transmission Electron Microscopy. Atomic Force Microscopy. Scanning Tunneling Microscopy. Unit-III OPTICAL PROPERTIES: Coulomb interaction in nanostructures. Concept of dielectric constant for nanostructures and charging of nanostructure. Quasi-particles and excitons. Excitons in direct and indirect band gap semiconductor nanocrystals. Quantitative treatment of quasiparticles and excitons, charging effects. Radiative processes: General formalization-absorption, emission and luminescence. Optical properties of heterostrctures and nanostructures. ELECTRON TRANSPORT: Carrier transport in nanostrcutures. Coulomb blockade effect, thermionic emission, tunneling and hoping conductivity. Defects and impurities: Deep level and surface defects. Unit-IV APPLICATIONS: Applications of nanoparticles, quantum dots, nanowires and thinfilms for photonic devices (LED, solar cells). Single electron transfer devices (no derivation). CNT based transistors. Nanomaterial Devices: Quantum dots heterostructure lasers, optical switching and optical data storage. Magnetic quantum well; magnetic dots - magnetic data storage. Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS), Nano Electromechanical Systems (NEMS). Suggested Readings : 1. C.P. Poole, Jr. Frank J. Owens, Introduction to Nanotechnology (Wiley India Pvt.Ltd.). 2. S.K. Kulkarni, Nanotechnology: Principles & Practices (Capital Publishing Company) 3. K.K. Chattopadhyay and A. N. Banerjee, Introduction to Nanoscience and Technology (PHI Learning Private Limited). 4. Richard Booker, Earl Boysen, Nanotechnology (John Wiley and Sons). 5. M. Hosokawa, K. Nogi, M. Naita, T. Yokoyama, Nanoparticle Technology Handbook (Elsevier, 2007). 6. Introduction to Nanoelectronics, V.V. Mitin, V.A. Kochelap and M.A. Stroscio, 2011, Cambridge University Press. 7. Bharat Bhushan, Springer Handbook of Nanotechnology (Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 2004).


44

Semester – VI PHYSICS

DSE- IV

PROJECT Full Marks : 100

Dissertation 60 Marks Presentation 20 Marks Viva 20 Marks

45

GENERIC ELECTIVE A Student has to choose two Generic Elective (G.E.) Subjects

other than the Core Course

46

CHEMISTRY PAPER – I

CHEMISTRY – I Theory : 60 Lecturers

Full Marks : 100

Unit - I (A) Atomic Structure: Bohr's Theory, Sommerfelds Model of atom, de-broglie's concept of matter wave. Helsenbergs uncertainity principle. Concept of orbital. Shape of S,P,D & F orbital. Quantam number and its significance. Rules for filling electron in different orbitals electronic configuration of atoms. Stability of half filled and fully filled subshell. Concept of exchange energy. Relative energy of atomic. Unit - I (B) Modern perodic table: Classification of elements into S,P,D & F blocks. Atomic Size (Covalent radii, ionic radii and vander waals radii) lonisation enthalpy, elecron affinity and electronegativity as periodic properties.

(15 Lecturers) Unit - II (A) Ionic bonding, energy consideration, lattice energy and solvation energy. Born Haber cycle and estimation of lattice energy. Valence bond approach, Hybridisation of atomic orbitals SP, SP2 & SP3 hybridisation. VSEPR theory to predict shape of cavalent molecules. Molecular orbital theory, Bonding and antibonding MO's application to simple diatomic molecules of H,O,N & F. Unit - II (B) Co-ordination chemistry : Isomerism, EAN Rule, Werner's theory, Valence bond approach and crystal field theory for octahedral and tetrahedral complex. (15 Lecturers) Unit - III (A) Kinetic theory of gases, expression for pressure, Derivation of gas laws (Boy)'s law. Charl's law, Avogadro's law, Dalton's law of partial pressure and grahm's of diffusion). Maxwell Boltzman distribution of molecular speed root mean square speed and most probable speed semple calculations. Unit - III (B) First law of thermodynamics enthalpy and enthalpy change, laws of thermochemistry, semple calculations second law of thermodynamics and entropy. Concept of free energy, Gibbs Helmholtz equation and its significance.

(15 Lecturers) Unit - IV (A) Reversible reaction, chemical equilibrium. Equilibrium constant, Le-chatliers principle & its applications in haber's method of synthesis of ammonia. Ionic equilibrium. Theories of acid and base, pH scale, common ion effect. solubility product. Buffer solution, Hydrolysis of salt. Unit - IV (B) Phase equilibra : Phase, degrees of freedom and components. Phase rule. Phase diagram of water and sulphur system. Distribution law, Nernst's distribution law and application to solvent extraction. Dilute solution and colligative properties. Lawering of vapaur pressure, Elevation of boiling point, Depression of freezing point and osmotic pressure as colligative properties. Abnormal Colligative properties and vant Hoff factor.

(15 Lecturers) PRACTICAL Generic Elective - I 1. Estimation of sodium corbonate and sodium hydrogen carbonate present in a mixture. 2. Estimation of oxalic acid by titrating with KmnO4

3. Estimation of fe(II) ions by titrating with K2Cr2O7

4. Estimation of Cu(II)ion iodometrically using Na2S2O3


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CHEMISTRY PAPER – II

CHEMISTRY-II Theory : 60 Lecturers

Full Marks : 100 Unit-I Structure and Bonding in Organic molecules: Concept of hybridization and application to explain structure and bonding in organic molecules. Distribution of electrons in organic molecules, Inductive Effect, Resonance and Hyper conjugation. Organic Reaction Mechanism. Homolysis and heterolysis. Generation ,Structure, Stability and Reactions of Carbocation, Carbanion, and Carbon free radicals. Attacking agents: Electrophile, Nucleophile and Free radicals. SN

1, SN2,E1,E2AdE and, Ad N reactions with suitable examples. (15 Lecturers)

Unit-II Aliphatic hydrocarbons: Preperation of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes.Saytzeff and Hoffman elimination. Maronokoffs addition. Cis- trans isomerism in alkenes, Acidic properties of acetylene. Cycloalkanes. Preperation and Properties. Relative stability of cycloalkanes and Bayers strain theory. Preperation of Cycloalkenes. Aromaticity. Structure and bonding in benzene. Electrophilic substitution reaction in benzene.

(15 Lecturers) Unit-III Alkylhalides ,preparation and properties .Chlorination of Benzene.lnertness of halogen atom of Chlorobenzene towards SNreaction. Preperation and properties of alcohol. Distinction between primery secondary and tertiary alcohol. Preperation of Phenol and acidic character. Reimer Tiemann Reaction. Preperation and properties of aliphatic and aromatic carbonyl compounds. Benzoin condensation, Aldol condensation, and Cannizzaro reaction.

(15 Lecturers) Unit-IV Carboxylic acid: Preparation and properties(Aliphatic and Aromatic) .Benzoic acid . Effect of substitution on acid strength. Active methylene compounds. Preperation and synthetic applications of Aceto acetic ester. Amines. Preperation and properties (Aliphatic and aromatic ). Basic properties of different types of amines. Seperation of Primery , secondary and tertiary amines. Diazonium salt . Preparation and synthetic applications.

(15 Lecturers) GENERICELECTIVECHEMISTRY-II(LAB) Qualitative analysis of organic compounds: Test for Unsaturation, Aromatic character, Element Detection and functional group and determination of melting point / boiling point. Suggested Readings : • Garland, C. W.; Nibler, J. W. & Shoemaker, D. P. Experiments in Physical Chemistry 8th Ed.; McGraw-Hill: New York (2003). • Halpern, A. M. & McBane, G. C. Experimental Physical Chemistry 3rd Ed.; W.H. Freeman & Co.: New York (2003).


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MATHEMATICS PAPER – I

CALCULUS AND ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS Full Marks : 100

Unit-I Curvature, Asymptotes, Tracing of Curves (Cartenary, Cycloid, Folium of Descartes, Astroid, Limacon, Cissoid & loops), Rectification, Quardrature, Volume and Surface area of solids of revolution. Unit-II Explicit and Implicit functions, Limit and Continuity of functions of several variables, Partial derivatives, Partial derivatives of higher orders, Homogeneous functions, Change of variables, Mean value theorem, Taylors theorem and Maclaurins theorem for functions of two variables. Maxima and Minima of functions of two and three variables, Implicit functions, Lagranges multipliers. Multiple integrals. Unit-III Ordinary Differential Equations of Ist order and Ist degree (Variables separable, homogenous, exact and linear). Equations of 1st order but higher degree. Unit-IV Second order linear equations with constant coefficients, homogeneous forms, Second order equations with ariable coefficients, Variation of parameters. Laplace transforms and its applications to solutions of differential equations. Suggested Readings : 1. Shantinarayan-Text Book of Calculus, Part-II, S. Chand and Co., Chapter-8 (Art. 24,25,26) 2. Shantinarayan-Text Book of Calculus, Part-III, S. Chand and Co., Chapter-l (Art 1,2),3, 4(Art. 10 to 12 ommitting Simpsons Rule), 5(Art-13) and 6(Art-15). 3. Santosh K. Sengar-Advanced Calculus, Chapters: 2,4,5,6, 7, II,12,13. 4. J. Sinharoy and S. Padhy-A Course of Ordinary and Partial Differential Equations, Kalyani Publishers. Chapters: 2(2.1 to 2.7).3,4(4.1 to 4.7),5,9 (9.1, 9.2, 9.3, 9.4, 9.5, 9.10, 9.11, 9.13). Books for References: 1. Shanti Narayan and P.K. Mittal-Analytical Solid Geometry, S. Chand & Company Pvt Ltd., New Delhi. 2. David V. Weider-Advanced Calculus, Dover Publications. 3. Martin Braun-Differential Equations and their Applications-Martin Braun, Springer International. 4. M.D. Raisinghania-Advanced Differential Equations, S. Chand & Company ltd., New Delhi G. Dennis Zill-A First Course In Differential Equations with Modelling Applications, Cengage Learning India Pvt. Ltd.


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MATHEMATICS PAPER – II

LINEAR ALGEBRA AND ADVANCED ALGEBRA Full Marks : 100

Unit-I Vector space, Subspace, Span of a set, Linear dependence and Independence, Dimensions and Basis. Near transformations, Range, Kernel, Rank, Nullity, Inverse of a linear map, Rank-Nullity theorem. Unit-II Matrices and linear maps, Rank and Nullity of a matrix, Transpose of a matrix, Types of matrices. Elementary row operations, System of linear equations, Matrix inversion using row operations, Determinant .d Rank of matrices, Eigen values, Eigen vectors, Quadratic forms. Unit-III Group Theory: Definition and examples, Subgroups, Normal subgroups, Cyclic groups, Cosets, Quotient groups, Permutation groups, Homomorphism. Unit-IV Ring Theory: Definition and examples, Some special classes of Rings, Ideals, Quotient rings, Ring homomorphism. Isomorphism theorems. Zero divisions integral domain. Suggested Readings : 1. V Krishnarnurty, V I) Maima, J L Arora-An introduction to Linear Algebra, Affiliated East-West Pless Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi, Chapters: 3, 4(41 to 47), 5(except 53).6(61,62,6.5,66,68), 7(74 only) 2. I.N. Henstrain-Topics in Algebra. Prentice Hall of India Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi. Chapters 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19,20 Books for Rofercnces: 1 S Kumaresan-Linear Algebra: A Geometric Approach, Prentice Hall of India. 2 Rao and Bhimasankaran-Linear Algebra, Hindustan Publishing House. 3. S Singh-Linear Algebra, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi 4. Gilbert Strang-Linear Algebra & its Applications, Cengage Learning lndia Pvt. Ltd 5 I.N. Herstein-Topics in Algebra. Wiley Eastern Pvt Ltd 6 Gallian-Conteruporary Abstract Algebra, Narosa publishing House 7. Artill-Algebra. Prentice Hall of India. 8 V.K. Khanna and 5 K. Bhambri-A Course in Abstract Algebra, Vikas Publishing House Pvt. Ltd, New Delhi


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PHYSICS PAPER – I

MECHANICS AND ELECTROMAGNETISM Full Marks : 100

UNIT-I: Gravitation, Rotational motion and Oscillation Rotational Motion: Angular velocity and angular momentum. Torque.Conservationof angular momentum. Gravitation: Newton's Law of Gravitation. Motion of a particle in a central forcefield (motion is in a plane, angular momentum is conserved, areal velocity isconstant). Kepler's Laws (statement only).Satellite in circular orbit and applications. Geosynchronous orbits. Basic idea of global positioning system (GPS).Weightlessness.Oscillations: Simple harmonic motion. Differential equation of SHM and itssolutions. Kinetic and Potential Energy, Total Energy and their time averages. UNIT-II: Elasticity and Special Theory of Relativity Elasticity: Hooke's law - Stress-strain diagram, Elastic moduli, Relation between elastic constants - Poisson's Ratio-Expression for Poisson's ratio in terms of elastic constants - Work done in stretching and work done in twisting a wire, Twisting couple on a cylinder ,Determination of Rigidity modulus by static torsion, Torsional pendulum ,Determination of Rigidity modulus and moment of inertia by Searle's method. Special Theory of Relativity: Constancy of speed of light. Postulates of Special Theory of Relativity. Lorentz Transformation, Length contraction .Time dilation. UNIT-III: Vector analysis and Electrostatics Vector Analysis: Review of vector algebra (Scalar and Vector product), gradient,divergence, Curl and their significance, ector Integration, Line, surface and volumeintegrals of Vector fields, Gauss-divergence theorem and Stoke's theorem of vectors(statement only).Electrostatics: Electrostatic Field, electric flux, Gauss's theorem of electrostatics.Applications of Gauss theorem- Electric field due to point charge, infinite line ofcharge, plane charged sheet,charged conductor. Electric potential as line integral of electric field, potential due t~a point charge, electric dipole, uniformly charged spherical shell and solid sphere. Calculation of electric field from potential.Capacitance of an isolateds sphericalconductor. Parallel plate, spherical and cylindrical condenser with and without dielectric. Energy per unit volumejn electrostatic field. Dielectric medium, Polarisation, Displacement vector.Gauss'stheorem in dielectrics. UNIT-IV: Magnetism and Electromagnetic Induction: Biot-Savart's law and its applications- straight conductor, circularcoil, solenoid carrying current. Divergence and curl of magnetic field.Magneticvector potential.Ampere's circuital law. Application to straight wire and solenoids, Magnetic properties of materials: Magnetic intensity, magnetic induction; Permeability, magnetic susceptibility and relation between them. Electromagnetic Induction: Faraday's laws of electromagnetic induction, Lenz'slaw, self and mutual inductance, L of single coil, M of two coils. Energy stored il!.ffiagnetic field. Suggested Readings : 1. University Physics. F.W. Sears, M.W. Zemansky and H.D. Young, 13/e, 1986.Addison-esley 2. Mechanics Berkeley Physics, v.1: Charles Kittel, et. al. 2007, Tata McGraw-Hill. 3. Physics - Resnick, Halliday& Walker 9/e, 2010, Wiley 4. Engineering Mechanics, Basudeb Bhattacharya, 2 ndedn., 2015, OxfordUniversity Press. 5. Electricity and Magnetism, Edward M. Purcell, 1986, McGraw-Hill Education 6.Electricity & Magnetism, J.H. Fewkes&J.Yarwood.Vol. 1,1991, Oxford Univ. Press 7.Electricity and Magnetism, D C Tayal, 1988, Himalaya Publishing House. University Physics, Ronald Lane Reese, 2003, Thomson Brooks/Cole. 9.DJ .Griffiths, Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd Edn, 1998, Benjamin Cummings. PRACTICAL MECHANICS and ELECTROMAGNETISM 1. Measurements oflength (or diameter) using vernier caliper, screw gauge andtravelling microscope. 2. To determine the Height of a Building using a Sextant. 3. To determine the Elastic Constants of a Wire by Searle's method. 4. To determine g by Bar Pendulum. 5. To determine g by Kater's Pendulum 6.To use a Multimeter for measuring (a) Resistances, (b) AC and DC Voltages,(c) DC Current, and (d) checking electrical fuses.7.To determine a Low Resistance by Carey Foster's Bridge. Reference Books: 1. Advanced Practical Physics for students, B.L. Flint and H.T. Worsnop, 1971,Asia Publishing House.

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2. Advanced level Physics Practicals, Michael Nelson and Jon M. Ogborn, 4 thEdition, reprinted 1985, Heinemann Educational Publishers. 3.Engineering Practical Physics, S.Panigrahi& B.Mallick,201S, CengageLearning India Pvt. Ltd. 4. A Text Book of Practical Physics, InduPrakash and Ramakrishna, 11 thEdition, 2011, KitabMahal, ew Delhi.


52

PHYSICS PAPER – II

MODERN PHYSICS AND OPTICS Full Marks : 100

(Credits: Theory-04, Practicals-02) UNIT-I: Thermodynamics and thermodynamic potentials Laws of Thermodynamics: Thermodynamic Description of system: Zeroth Law of thermodynamics and temperature. First law and internal energy, conversion of heat into work, Various Thermo dynamical Processes, Applications of First Law: General Relation between C, and Cv, Work Done during Isothermal and Adiabatic Processes Compressibility and Expansion Coefficient, Reversible and irreversible processes, Second law and Entropy, Carnot's cycle & theorem, Entropy changes in reversible & irreversible processes, Entropy-temperature diagrams, Third law of thermodynamics, Thermodynamical Potentials: Enthalpy, Gibbs, Helmholtz and Internal Energy functions, Maxwell's relations and applications - Joule-Thompson Effect, Clausius- Clapeyron Equation, Expression for (C, - C v), C p ICv , TdS equations. UNIT-II: Wave optics, interference, diffraction and polarization Wave Optics: Electromagnetic nature of light. Definition and Properties of wave front. Huygens Principle. Interference: Division of amplitude and division of wavefront. Young's Double Slit experiment. Lloyd's Mirror and Fresnel's Biprism.: Stokes' treatment Phase change on reflection. Interference in Thin Films: parallel and wedge-shaped films. Fringes of equal inclination (Haidinger Fringes); Fringes of equal thickness (Fizeau Fringes). Newton's Rings: measurement of wavelength and refractive index Diffraction: Fraunhofer diffraction- Single slit; Double Slit. Multiple slits and Diffraction grating. Fresnel Diffraction: Half-period zones. Zone plate. Fresnel Diffraction pattern of a straight edge, a single slit and a wire using half-period zone analysis. Polarization: Transverse nature oflight waves. Plane polarized light - production and analysis. Circular and elliptical polarization. UNIT-III: Modern physics Planck's quantum theory, Planck's constant and light as a collection of photons; Photo- electric effect and Compton scattering. De Broglie wavelength and matter waves; Davisson-Germer experiment. Problems with Rutherford model- instability of atoms and observation of discrete atomic spectra; Bohr's quantization rule and atomic stability; calculation of energy levels for hydrogen like atoms and their spectra. Wave-particle duality, Heisenberg uncertainty principlegamma ray microscope; Estimating minimum energy of a confined particle using uncertainty principle; Energy-time uncertainty principle. Two slit interference experiment with photons, atoms & particles; linear superposition principle as a consequence; Matter waves and wave amplitude. UNIT-IV: Solid state physics Crystal Structure of Solids: Amorphous and Crystalline Materials. Lattice Translation Vectors. Lattice with a Basis - Central and Non-Central Elements. Unit Cell. Miller Indices. Reciprocal Lattice. Types of Lattices. Brillouin Zones. Diffraction of X-rays by Crystals. Bragg's Law. Elementary band theory:Band Gaps. Conductors, Semiconductors and insulators. P and N type Semiconductors. Conductivity of Semiconductors, mobility, Hall Effect, Hall coefficient. LAB -II: MODERN PHYSICS and OPTICS (Credits: Practicals-02) 1. To determine the Frequency of an Electrically Maintained Tuning Fork byMelde's Experiment 2. To determine the Refractive Index of the Material ofa Prism using Sodium Light. 3. To determine Dispersive Power of the Material of a Prism using Mercury Light. 4. To determine the value of Cauchy Constants. 5. To determine the Resolving Power of a Prism. 6. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Fresnel Biprism. 7. To determine wavelength of sodium light using Newton's Rings. 8. To determine Mechanical Equivalent of Heat. Suggested Readings : 1. Thermal Physics, S. Garg, R. Bansal and C. Ghosh, 1993, Tata McGraw-Hill. 2. Heat and Thermodynamics, M.W.Zemasky and R. Dittman, 1981, McGraw Hill. 3. Thermodynamics, Kinetic theory & Statistical thermodynamics, F.W.Sears and G.L. Salinger. 1988, Narosa. 4. Thermal Physics, A. Kumar and S.P. Taneja, 2014, R. chand Publications. 5.Fundamentals of Optics, F.A Jenkins and H.E White, 1976, McGraw-Hill 6. Principles of Optics, B.K. Mathur, 1995, Gopal Printing

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7. Fundamentals of Optics, H.R. Gulati and D.R. Khanna, 1991, R. Chand Publications 8. University Physics. F.W. Sears, M.W. Zemansky and H.D. Young. 13/e, 1986.Addison-Wesley 9. Concepts of Modem Physics, Arthur Beiser, 2009, McGraw-Hill 10. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, 8 th Ed., 2004, Wiley India Pvt. Ltd. 11. Elements of Solid State Physics, J.P. Srivastava, 2 nd Ed., 2006, Prentice-Hall oflndia 12.0ptics, B.S.Agarwal, Kedamath-Ramnath publications


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