oceanography
42
Ch. 11-The Oceans
description
Pearson 6th Earth Science terms and defintions
Transcript of oceanography
Ch. 11-The Oceans
1. _____-
sound navigation and ranging
sonar
2. _________________- relatively flat part of the continent that is under seawater
continental shelf
3. _________________- steeply dipping surface between the continental shelf and the ocean basin
continental slope
4. _______________- flat, almost level part of ocean basin
abyssal plain
5. _________________-underwater mountain chain
mid-ocean ridges
6. _______- a long, narrow, steep sided depression where one crustal plate sinks beneath another; deepest-
trench
Mariana Trench
Subduction zone
7. __________- cracks in the Earth’s crust through which molten materials rise (new crust is made)
rift valley
8. ______- rhythmic movement of energy through matter or space
wave
A._________- highest point of a wave
B. _________- lowest point of a wave
crest
trough
D. ____________- vertical distance between crest and trough
wave length
wave height
C. ___________- horizontal distance from one crest to the next
E. ___________- number of waves that pass a point in a certain amount of time
frequencyfrequency
9. ________- extremely dangerous and powerful ocean waves usually caused by an earthquake
tsunami
10. ________________- ocean current that flows__________ to the shore.
longshore currentparallel
11. __________ - narrow ocean current that flows at a right angle from the shore.
rip current
12. ______- shallow water waves caused by the gravitational pull of the sun, moon and Earth and size and shape of the tidal basin
tides
sun
moonEarth
A. ______________- when the highest high tides and lowest low tides occur; sun, moon and Earth are in a row
spring tides
sun
moon
Earth
B. ____________- minimum tides: moon is at a right angle to Earth
neap tides
C. ____________- difference between high and low tide
Tidal rangeTidal range
13. ____________- the measure of dissolved solids in ocean water
salinity
14. ________________- removal of salt from ocean water to make fresh water
desalination
15. _________________- currents carried by the wind
A. Influenced by:
(1) _____________
(2)______________B. West coast- _______ East coast- _______
surface currents
The Coriolis Effect
Continents coldwarm
16. Layers of the ocean:
A. _____________- fairly warm; down to about 200-300 m
B. _____________- about 5º C; layer of separation
C. ______________- 1º C; approximately 3000 m
surface zone
thermocline
deep zone
surface zone
thermocline
deep zone
17. ______________-area where nutrient rich water rises to the top; rich fishing area
upwelling
18._______- pattern of weather of an area over a long period of time
climate
19. _________- an abnormal climate event that occurs every 2-7 years in the Pacific Ocean;
makes cold waters
warm
El NiEl Niñoño
(La Niña is the cold current).
20. _____________ ________________- currents that move because of changes in temperaturetemperature and/or salinitysalinity
density or deep density or deep water currentswater currents
