COLEMAN REPORT 1966 - Equality of Educational Opportunity.pdf
Ocean Technology Black’ and ‘Green - NEIA of opportunity.pdf · Ocean Technology ‘Black’...
Transcript of Ocean Technology Black’ and ‘Green - NEIA of opportunity.pdf · Ocean Technology ‘Black’...
Ocean Technology
‘Black’ and ‘Green’
F. Mary Williams
NRC - Institute for Ocean Technology
Climate changeEnergy suppliesSovereignty & securityRenewable resourcesGlobal food chainSustainable communities
Ocean Technology
Application of advanced technologies
to enable safe and effective operations
in the ocean
NAVAL
DEFENCE MARINE
NAVIGATION
RESOURCE
EXTRACTIONSEAFOOD
HARVESTING
OCEAN
OBSERVATION
And more
Environment
Monitoring
Ocean Observation Market
• Global market $1 trillion/year
• Technologies to
– Oil & gas
– Defence
– Public Sector
– Service providers
• Services to large clients
– Oil & gas
– Defence
– Public Sector
• Newfoundland active supplier
Beagle 1831-1836
• Early ocean
science
• Darwin’s platform
• “Look and see”
science
• Sensors deployed
– Resolution
– Speed
• Regions accessible to observations
– Near surface
– Coastlines
• Data storage
Challenger 1872-1876
Challenger Technology
• 230 km (144 miles) of rope
• Basic transducers: thermometers
• Many ingenious samplers
• Bottom sample time @ 3600 m: 8 hours
Same era (1881):
• Continuous Plankton Recorder
• Automatic sampling
• One sample every 5 nm
Robert Bartlett 1926-1945
Effie Morrissey
Canadian Arctic, Beaufort
Nansen 1893-1896
Fram
Russian Arctic
Greenland
Nansen bottles
Science Cruise 1975
• CTD cast
• Plankton nets
• Nansen bottles
• Bottom cores
• Capture
• Over the side
• One point in surface-time
• Data rates reaching limits of
this paradigm (except
seismic)
Technology Trends
• Sensor development
– Parameters
– Resolution
– Speed
• Reducing the zones of inaccessibility
– Deep ocean
– Arctic, Antarctic
• Rate of data acquisition & storage
– Bytes/day
• COST!
Proxy for development
Historical trend in data rates (bytes/day)
1.00E+00
1.00E+01
1.00E+02
1.00E+03
1.00E+04
1.00E+05
1.00E+06
1.00E+07
1.00E+08
1.00E+09
1.00E+10
1.00E+11
1.00E+12
1.00E+13
1.00E+14
1.00E+15
1820 1840 1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 2020
Rate = A*exp(b*exp(c*year))
Kurzweil’s double exponential growth
Argo
buoys
Deployment
cost
Argo Buoys
• ~3000 drifters around world
• Autonomous operation
– Regular depth profiles
– Data transmission
• Variety of sensors
• Power limited
• Cost/profile ~ $200
• Other examples of drifters
– Ice stations
– Critter mounted sensors
Argo Buoys
Note gaps
On-shore high level control
• Waypoint list
• Data requests
• Status checksAutonomous Underwater Glider
Glider data
Separation ~ 0.5 km
Ship Data
Separation ~ 15 km
Green and Black
Technology Foresight
• Increasing data rates
• Sensor refinement
• Autonomous vehicles
• Intelligent systems
Increasing spatial resolution (coverage)
Reduction of geographic gaps (Arctic)
Less invasive monitoring
NRC Institute for
Ocean Technology
a.k.a. “the ice tank”
Applied research & technology development
~ 100 people: scientists, engineers, technologists, software
Collaborative projects
9 companies in technology partnership facility