Autonomous Federations - Best Practices in Women's Empowerment in Mahila Samakhya: Chapter 3
The Business Opportunity - Clear Mazeclearmaze.co.in/.../uploads/2015/12/...opportunity.pdf ·...
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Education and Skill Development The Business Opportunity
The Opportunity
The Demographic Dividend
q India – fourth largest economy by 2025.
q GDP contribution to World Economy – 5.5%-6%.
q Population of India by 2020 would be >1.3 billion.
q Working Population by 2020 q India: 592 million q China: 776 million
q The median age: q India<US<<China<<<Japan
SOURCE : National Youth Policy (NYP) Document 2014
The compelling argument – Employment and Education
+15.8 million – Population Increase
-26% i.e. -4.1 million – Remain Illiterate of drop out before 4th Standard.
-6.6 million – Drop out or fail 10th Standard
-2.2 million – Drop out or fail 12th Standard
0.9 million will only complete higher
education
q About 672 million people out of 1.1 billion are in the age group of 15-59 years, the employable age.
q Every year the population increases by 15.8 million.
11.7 million
5.1 million
2.9 million
The compelling argument – Employment and Education
5%
70%
25%
New Employment Generation in India – 8.7 million
Organized Sector
Agriculture
Unorganized
7 million
Unemployment generated per year
Population Increase
New Employment
Size and Scale
q The sprawling education landscape has been estimated at $80 billion. (Source: Technopak)
q The share of Private ventures is only a miniscule $750 million. (Source: CEO Pearson Education India)
q The lion share of estimated market share will be materialized in forms of schools, which includes running them or supplying educational aids.
q There 1.3 million schools in India of which 1.1 million are government.
SOURCE : CNN iReport
Size and Scale
q The GER (Gross Enrollment Ratio) of India for Higher Education stands at a meager 20% compared to USA 34%, UK 59%, Japan 55% and China 28% (GER).
q Of India’s 1.2 billion population, 44% of the population comprises of children. While India spends only 3.3% of its GDP on education.
q Due to RTE the GER in primarily schools is high at 92%, but the dropout ratios are jaw dropping 50% for boys and 58% for girls.
SOURCE : CNN iReport
What the Govt. spends on education?
SOURCE : Azim Premji Foundation – Analysis of State Budgets : Elementary Education
q Education is a concurrent subject with states holding the primarily responsibility for implementation.
q State Government therefore contribute the majority share. Eg: In fiscal 2009-10 74% of the Public spend on education was borne by the states.
State wise Expenditure on Education as a percentage of Aggregate Expenditure
₹2.6 lakh crore Estimated Aggregated Budget Allocation in 2012-13 for States
Union Govt. spend on Education
q Government of India spends on the upside of ₹90,000 Cr in youth through a wide range of programs.
q On the targeted side more than 80% of the funds are allocated through MHRD and MoSJE primarily in forms of grants and scholarships.
q The public spending on education (% of total government expenditure) was 11.3% in 2012, which should ideally be around 20%.
SOURCE : NYP Document 2014, World Bank Data
Expenditure on Education
0
50,000
1,00,000
1,50,000
2,00,000
2,50,000
3,00,000
3,50,000
4,00,000
4,50,000
Elementary Educa5on Secondary Educa5on University and Higher Educa5on and
Distance learning
Technical Educa5on Others
₹ in M
illion
Central Expenditure in Educa2on During the 11th Plan
Continuing and New Schemes- Govt. of India
Schemes Continuing from Xth Plan
1. Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan (SSA) 2. National Programme of Mid-Day Meals in Schools (MDM)
3. Navodya Vidyalaya Samiti (NVS) 4. Kendriya Vidyalaya Sangathan (KVS)
5. Strengthening of Teachers Training Institutions 6. Information and Communications Technology in Schools 7. Mahila Samakhya
Introduced in XIth Plan
1. Rashtriya Madhyamik Shiksha Abhiyan (RMSA) 2. Scheme for setting up of 6000 Model Schools at Block Level
3. Scheme for providing quality education in Madrasas (SPQEM)
4. Appointment of Language Teachers
No. of schemes according to scheme sizes
Size of Scheme
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
University, Higher Education and Distance
Learning Technical Education Others
2007-08 (RE)
2011-12 (RE)
2007-08 (RE)
2011-12 (RE) 2007-08 (RE) 2011-12 (RE) 2007-08
(RE) 2011-12
(RE) 2007-08
(RE) 2011-12
(RE)
Group 1 (Schemes above ₹5000 million)
2 2 2 5 1 3 2 5 0 1
Group 2 (Schemes b/w ₹1000-5000 million)
2 2 2 4 1 1 2 7 1 1
Group 3 (Schemes b/w ₹500-1000 million)
0 2 2 1 1 3 3 7 2 3
Group 4 (Below ₹500 million) 3 1 8 6 15 10 22 14 20 21
Total 7 7 14 16 18 17 29 33 23 26
Classification of Schemes
Group 4-Over ₹5000
million
SSA
MDM
NVS
KVS
RSMA
Model Schools
Group 3-Between ₹1000-5000
million Strengthening
of Teacher Training
Institutions
ICT @ Schools
SPQEM
Group 2-Between ₹500-1000
million
Mahila Samakhya
Group 1-Below ₹500
million
Appointment of Language
Teachers
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
Elementary Education
Secondary Education
University Education,
Higher Education
and Distance Learning
Technical Education
Others
Perc
ent
ag
e
2007-08
2011-12
97.99%
1.65% 0.31%
0.06%
Group 1
Group 2
Group 3
Group 4
Groupwise Percentage Expenditure on Education
2011-12 – Expenditure on
Education
Contribution of Cess to Elementary and Secondary/Higher Education Expenditure
2007-‐2008 2011-‐2012
Expenditure (₹ in
million)
Cess (₹ in million)
Cess Going to SSA and MDM (%)
Expenditure Met by Cess
(%)
Expenditure (₹ in million)
Cess (₹ In million)
Cess Going to SSA and MDM (%)
Expenditure Met by Cess
(%)
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan
131710 83160 74,7 63,1 210000 119920 65,4 57,1
Mid Day Meal 66780 28120 25,3 42,1 103800 63420 34,6 61,1
Secondary/Higher 92900 27160 29,2 292510 42920 14,7
Distribution of Govt. of India Education Expenditure by type
2007-2008 (RE) 2011-2012 (RE)
No. of Schemes
Allocation (₹ in millions)
No. of Schemes
Allocation (₹ in millions)
Group 1 Enrollment Increasing Scheme 7 122.382,20 6 213930
Group 2 Dropout Reducing Scheme 7 61.794,20 8 103047,3
Group 3 Quality Improving Scheme 19 7356,2 17 20314,6
Group 4 Equity in Education 8 3103 11 11678,9
Group 5 Institutional Grant 40 76501,3 43 212943,7
Group 5a School Education 5 20228,8 6 50129,3
Group 5b Higher Education 35 56272,5 37 162814,4
Group 5b(i) University Grants Commission 1 35819,4 1 89274,1
Group 5b(ii) Non-Technical Higher Education 16 4236,6 15 16140,7
Group 5b(iii) Technical Higher Education 18 16216,5 21 57399,6
Group 6 Grant for North-East State 19 23661 29 49707
Group 7 Other Administrative Expenditure 844,1 2029,9
Future Imperatives – Govt. ü Promoting PPPs implementing the National Skills Qualification
Framework (NSQF). ü Progressively increase spending on education to 6% of GDP.
ü Increasing regional equity and access and improving apprenticeship program.
ü Leveraging maximum efficacy of the dedicated ministry for “Entrepreneurship and Skill Development”.
ü 3 key areas: ü Ensuring youth can benefit from Skill Devp. Opportunities. ü Clearly defining stakeholder roles ü Building interlinkages b/w systems and stakeholders.
Targeted Opportunities
ü Government has plans to equip over 1 million schools with digital infrastructure, while only 10% have been covered so far.
ü The expenditure for facilitating such technologies at schools has been estimated at ₹ 1.9 million over 5 years shared between central and state governments.
ü EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
ü Provide Content to facilitate education services.
ü Leverage experience in Indian Education Industry through ICT projects in Govt. schools and Model schools to generate high margin revenue stream.
ICT at Schools
Targeted Opportunities
ü Govt. of India targets a massive 500 million skilled youth by 2022. (Youth : 15-29 years defined by NYP 2014)
ü The erstwhile govt. allocated ₹ 1000 crores towards National Development fund (NSDF).
ü Setup 1500 ITIs in district with uncovered blocks in PPP mode (VGF – ₹ 1500 crores)
ü Establish 125 new Polytechnics ( ₹ 580 Cr), 580 new community Polytechnics (₹ 1125 Cr).
ü Vocational Education in 10,000 Sec. Schools (₹ 1000 Cr)
ü Organized training for 25 lakh BPL youth (₹ 1875 Cr)
ü Urban Skill and Employability Programs (₹ 2500 Cr)
ü Skill Building and economic assistance (₹ 3000 Cr)
Vocational Education
Projected Demand by Sector
2015 Sector Demand (in Mn) Auto 2 to 2.5
Construc5on 15 Retail 4 to 5
Healthcare 4 to 4.5 Banking &
Financial services 4.5 to 5 Crea5ve Industry 0.5 to 0.8
Logis5cs
Drivers: 51 Mn
Total 81 to 83.5 Mn
Sectors Incremental Human Resource Requirement
Mines & Minerals 1,754,881 Construc5on 55,191,568 Engineering 1,813,790
Banking and Insurance 3,947,139 Drugs and Pharma 1,383,721
Biotech 1,209,489 Healthcare 20,684,530 Tex5les 86,545,390
IT and ITeS 14,806,299 Tourism 12,478,386
Agro and Food processing 169,782 Paper 57,976
Chemicals and Fer5lizers
1,391,948
Total 201,442,899
2022
The above shown figures were projected by CII and hence estimate a total demand of 300 million by 2022.
Targeted Opportunities
ü Provide Quality education to rural children by setting up 6000 Model Schools as benchmark of excellence at block level at the rate of one school per block.
ü 3500 Schools to be setup by State Govt./ UT Govt. in as many Educationally Backward Blocks (EBBs).
ü 2500 Schools to be setup under PPP mode in blocks which are not educationally backward. (Initiated from 2012-13)
ü Objective:
ü To have a pace setting role. ü To try to innovate curriculum and pedagogy. ü To be a model in infra, curriculum, evaluation and
school governance.
Model Schools
Bricks that have been falling for long
SOURCE : ASER
Stuck between the Outlays, Time for Outcomes
§ It legislates a 9 point approach to measure the infrastructure
facilities at Government Schools. § Only 4.8% of the schools have all the nine facilities. § Only in 11.8% there are 8 of 9 facilities. § Only 33% schools have 7 of 9 facilities. § More than 30% schools have less than 5 facilities. § More than 1/3rd of the schools have unusable toilets and the rest
which have are in worst and unhygienic conditions not meant for school children.
SOURCE : Ketki Angre Survey for NDTV
Aspirational Middle Class – The rising Curve
SOURCE : ASER
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