lly p+ a R ° N Y y i r 3V r i i S Nv vrJ-

Y + fig n y < in Ti + EL y y K yvS f

JTHE OCALA BANNER

PAGE TEN

fik

I

How British Cities Man-age

¬I

t V

Public Utilitiesf

Liverpools Experience as Owner and Operator of Its

Street Railways and Electric Lighting and Power Industry

By FREDERICK UPHAM ADAMSCo-

pyright 1904 by Frederick Upham AdamsY

r

nil question transpor¬

BEYOXD ocfitjiHs tint placei4 te municipal problems

2 now coniinmtUin intention luf4 Great Britain Liverpool was one of

the i > ionrers in tninn ay constructiona though it vas only recently that the-

JUl1I1iljalit

I

cic into full pox < eMoiiof tramway pr perties Its experiencewith the boasted English conservatismis fairly typical After George FrancIs Train and other Americans haddemonstrated at Hirkenhend a suburbof Liverpool the practicability oftramways the city authorized a com-pany

¬

to use its streets for that pur-

pose This was in 1SGO Four yearsj later the service was so insufficient

that the city served notice on the com-

pany¬

to remove its tracks Subse-quently

¬

> a compromise was made by I

is e which the city reconstructed the lines Iy at the cost of the company In 1879

the company entered into an agree-ment

¬

with the city under which the lat-ter

¬

t t purchased the existing lines for150000 and completed various other

lines leasing the whole system to thecompany at a rental of 7 2 per cent onthe purchase money from the date of-

t construction the lines to be maintain-ed

¬

at the cost of the city In 1895 the1 city made a lease to the company ex-

tending¬ I

w until 1915 but reserved the I

j right to purchase under certain condi-tions

¬

Y <i Two years later the patience of Liv-

erpool¬

f was exhausted The companyutterly failed to properly manage itsaffairs Its rates were extortionateand its service worse It absolutely re¬

fused to introduce mechanical or elec-trical

¬I

power and after due deliberation-the city decided to acquire and operate-the undertaking Parliament granted

c the power and in 1S97 the entire 1

w system passed into the hands of themunicipal authorities the purchase

± price being about 2800000The city went about the tramway

enterprise ina thorough business wayIt proceeded to engage the services of

ry C K Bellamy one of tine foremost ofEnglish civil and mechanical engineersa man fully conversant with the sei

t ence and practice of transportation onboth sides of the Atlantic In two

J years time the hundred miles of horscar tricks had been transformed to-

Y electrical traction and in add It ot there huJ been laid forty miles of IIP v

trackv = The citizens were delighted with tinI 1 change In the place of filthy ill light

ed and slow moving horse cars run-ninga at long intervals there was iu

< stalled a system which in all respectsx compares favorably with the best mod-

ern practice in the United States or oarr ii the continent More than that the city

made a sweeping reduction in tinrates of fare

It reduce the hours of its conductorsand motormen from eighty to sixty a

GI r week and actually paid them more forthe shorter hour day than they had for-merly been receiving The privatecompany sold the mens uniforms andreceived a tidy profit from the transac-tion

¬

The city gave uniforms to itsmen and only insisted that they keepthem clean and In good repair so as toreflect credit on their employer-

The first year of electrical tractionand of a trial of all of those radical re¬

forms was 1901 and when all expenseshad been paid there remained a profit-of more than 700000 The best theprivate company had been able to showwith its high fares low wages and nig-

gardly¬

policy was 184000 After pay-ing into the sinking fund meeting in¬

terest charges and setting aside 175000 for renewals and depreciation thereremained a large sum-

s The profits for the second year were865000 an increase over the preced-

ing¬

year of 165000 The tramwaysdepartment contributed 123000 of this

p to the general tax fundIn addition to its voluntary contribu ¬

tion to the general fund the municipaltramway pays its taxes just as if itipracenterprises of all cities in Great Brit-ain

¬

Municipal tenements and cottagesk municipal gas plants and electrical

Sighting and power stations tramwaysmarkets and all other revenue seeking

y institutions pay not only city but alsoincome taxes Last year Liverpoolstramways paid in taxes a sum exceed-ing

¬

65000 The city owns the elec-

trical¬

power plant but the tramwaysdepartment was charged with everyunit of power it used It thereforestands squarely on its own bottom

a Almost simultaneously with its pur-chase

¬

tt of the tramways Liverpool set4 about to acquire the electric lighting

and power Industry The private com-pany

¬

t was a fairly prosperous one but-t parliament gave Liverpool the right to

1 purchase its plant After protractednegotiations a price of 2000000 was

t agreed on Of this sum 000000 was

r a bonus while the balance represented-the actual value of the plant turnedover by the company

t The city did not make this purchaseY for the sole purpose of generating

electricity for its municipal use Itq sought and obtained a grant which en¬

abJtldft to furnish light and power toall users The advocates of this stepurged that numerous benefits would

lql° ky

z rt

ey

follow from the retaliation and operaiIn of a municipality owned mil < y-

critcd plant Tic clay would obtanits light and power at cot privatettIn would rCviMve theirs at a minimrm advance over the actual cost antinufacturers and merchants woIrt-thoiviore hire n auvantage ip oar j

it competitor who were e1lelletlf t pay rates which yielded large dlvidds to private owners of light andpower plants Again the surplus prof ¬

its would go to the relief of tax rates

completethereby making the circle of economy

I

Immediately after the acquiring ofthis property the tramways also cameinto the possession of the city and thequestion arose whether or not to makeone generating system serve for allpurposes The opinions of expertswere called for It was the consensus-of opinion that a pressure of T00 voltswould enable the same plant to be usedfor lighting and traction and thatthere would be a distinct gain as re-

gards first cost manonent economyand surplus power it ined by com ¬

bination It was therefore decided toerect two large power stations

Each station has a capacity of 20000 horsepower but u great has boonthe demand made on them that newones are needed and same have alreadybeen constructed England has learn-ed to use the refuse swept from thestreets for fuel Several small powerstationsderiving their power from theburning of the refuse are now in suc-cessful

¬

operation and it i < expectedthat the total supply from this sourcewill reach 10000 horsepower A fewyears ago Liverpool spent large sinusof money for the purpose of throwingthis material and its stored up energyaway When the plant passed fromthe control of the private company itsoutput was less than 300000 units-It has grown in seven years to tentimes that amount

Whfn the city purchased the under-taking

¬

from private interests the ratecharged for lighting was 7 pence perunit and for power 5 pence per unitAt the present time the rates are 4pence for lighting 2 pence for streetlighting 2 pence for power up to 3000units per quarter and I1 pence there¬

after The charge to time tramways is12 pence per unit In other words theprice has been more than cut in halfand this has been done despite the factthat the price of coal oil and everyKern of expense has decidedly in¬

creased since the city took control ofthe plant

Liverpool has invested 7500000 inher electrical plant The profits for theyear ended on Jan 1 1903 were inround figures SoOOOOO After meeting-all charges and setting aside a liberalamount for renewals and depreciationthe electrical department made a con ¬

tribution of 5GOOOO to the tax fund Italso paid 33000 as its share of thetaxes The amount written off for baddebts was less than 1500

At the present time it is likely thatLiverpools investment in its combinedtramway and electrical plant willreach 20000000 Liverpool is an ex¬

ample of what it is pos ble to accom-plish

¬

in a short time It is only sevenyears ago that the city essayed thisstupendous experiment in public own-ership

¬

I It is only fair to observe thatthe benefits derived from reduced ratesand improved services far outweighthe direct money profits As the inter¬

est charges decrease steadily year byj year it is the settled policy of Liverpool

to yet further decrease the price ofI tramway tickets and the rates fixed forJ light and power This is rendered obli-

gatory¬

by a clause precluding pay-ment

¬

I of more than a certain amount tothe relief of taxes

Liverpool is a rich and a great citywith broad well paved streets magnifi ¬

cent public buildings beautiful parksand a progressive and enterprising ad-

ministration¬

It is one of the worldsmost opulent property owners Exclu-sive

¬

of its streets parks and its Inter-est

¬

in the miles of docks it owns prop ¬

erty which has a market price of be-tween 85000000 and 90000000

One may be born in a Liverpool mu-nicipal

¬

hospital be educated and train-ed

¬

in its schools and colleges may earn-a living by working for it in a score ofcapacities he may live in a house therent of which goes to the city as hislandlord he may retire on a munici ¬

I pal pension may die and be cremated-at public expense or his bones mayrest in a municipal burial ground Allof this is possible despite the fact that

I no city In the United Kingdom offers abetter field for individual effort nor Isthere any community where private en¬

terprise is surer of material rewardsThe uninqulsitlve stranger never real ¬

I izes that so many services are admin-istered

¬

by the representatives of thetl taxpayers and in their behalf

Liverpool has its old city the sameas London and that ancient corpora ¬

I

tion still has special privileges and de-rives

¬

vast profits from grants and es¬

I tates which have been handed downfor hundreds of years But like Lon¬

I don the nominal beneficiaries do notdare to appropriate to themselves more

I than a modest share of these tithesand they are awaiting the inevitabletime when the scepter of ownershipei11 be taken from them

1

> > i 3

i jt 0eJ<

Volunteer Fire Department t

A volunteer fire department toI

work under the direction and in harI

niory with the paid fire department-has

i

been organized I

The following gentlemen met Fri ¬

day night to take preliminary steps-

in organizing the volunteer fire de ¬

partment viz H A Daniel H S

Chambers Peyton Bailey JohnMorris J B Carlisle jr George

+

Pindar Byron La3m Asher FrankNathan Peyser Jamesart is HoraceVhetstone Allan Bnsge 4 JoeRIiite Watterson Tucker and JoephBell

t Mr Dniiel acted as chairman Of

I the meeting and Mr Hell secretaryA committee consisting of MerChambers Daniel Beil and Whitewas appointed to draft the necessaryby laws and to confer with the city I

council and do whatever is necessaryin orderto have the paid department-and

I

the volunteer department co-

operate

¬

JoeWhite was named as assistantfire chief James Farris foreman H

S Chambers fire marshal JamesCarlisle assistant tire marshal ILADaniel secretary and treasurer andPeyton Bailey to look after thewagons and other paraphernalia dur¬

ing fires v

The volunteer fire departmenthopes to be sustained by our citizensand we trust that this will be doneThe paid department is entirely en

adequate to serve the needs of a citythe size of Ocala and is absolutely dependen on the services of the volun-

teer¬

citizens and the two working to-

gether¬

with one recognized head will be

capable of doing an immense amountof good and this movement should beencouraged in every way

n nn

Ocala On A Cash BasisSaturday afternoon the Central

National Bank of Ocala was notifiedthat the purchase money for 15000of Ocala five per cent bends withthe premium amounting to 4570213has been paid and placed to the credit-of the city

This will enable the city to liqui¬

date all liabilities and outstandingobligations of every kind includingscript past due road and tire bondsthe Barnett judgment etc

These obligations will of course bepaid off at once and the city placed-

on a cash basisThe bonds were sold to the First

XationalBank of Columbus Ohioand for the issue and sale of the sanethe city is largely indebted to the ef¬

forts of Alderman Herbert A Fordchairman of the finance committee-who has devoted a large part of histime in getting the finances of thecity inshape-

If the new electric light plant I

which has already been contracted-for proves a profitable investment-Mr Fords next effort will be to issueadditional bonds for the purchase of

the water works and have the cityown and operate same

Ocalas prospects are certainly verybright

Cheated DeathKidney trouble often ends fatally-

but by choosing the right medicine-E H Wolfe of Bear Grove lacheated teath He says Two yearsago I had kidney trouble whichcaused me great pain suffering andanxiety but I took Electric Bitterswhich affected a comglete cure Ihave also found the m of great benefitin general debility and nerve troubleand keep them constantly on handsince as I fiind they have no equalTydings 8 Company guarantee thematoOc m

The Midnight Oil

Burn the midnight oil is the ad¬

vice of Dr John M Scott professor-

of Greek in the Northwestern Uni ¬

versity just outside of Chicago He

saysAtnight the brain is clear and

all nature palpitates to inspire greatthoughts This daybreak business-runs for Sweeney nowadays In themorning the eyes are gummed withthe sleep you dont get your mouth-is full of the flavor of the dead pastand your head is as big as a barrelYou have an uncontrollable yearnfor cocktails and it is simply out ofthe question to try and put yourself-in close communion with the greatminds of other days Burn the mid¬

night oil I do it The great schol ¬

ars do it

r ff ir xj t i 1 2j

I

Ocala on a Building Boom

It almost looks as though Ocala is

about to have a building boom Itmay at least be stated as a fact thather mechanics are kept busy and if aperson has any work to be done he is

compelled to make arrangements-ahead in order to get it done

There is just now being constructedthe new Episcopal church on Vautulastreet and a tine residence tor IrC S Cul fn on Fort King vVxrnea brick huikhig for Mr Kuy Bur¬

nett ujik5 ho win use as a merchanttailoring establishment a prick ware-

house

¬

on Magnolia street f n the T

iV Smith Hardware Company and

other smaller buildings ar beingerected ii the different wrd of thecity

Vs soon as special legislation is

enacted work on the new court-

housej

will begin and the government I

i

building to occupied by the CTnited j

States court and city post office willsoon begin to take definite shape

l

Ocala has buildings enough in sighto justify the prediction that the

rood old summer time from a busi-

ness

¬

standpoint will be the best shehas had in many years

Straw Ride Friday Night

Friday night v rs W J LohrigI

gave a straw ride to quite a number-of

i

her young friends in complimentto her charming guest Mrs Julia-D Pelham of Fulton Ky wholeaves for her home in a few days

The party drove out to the Golden

Acre orange grovt where they werevery delightfully entertained by Mrs-

C H Schneider whose hospitality-is unequaled-

A very pleasant evening was spent-

at Mrs Schneiders with amssementsof various kinds and the return drivewas also thoroughly enjoyable

I have used Chambierlains Stom-ach

¬

and Liver Tablets with most sat¬

isfactory results says Mrs F LPhelps Houston Texas For indi ¬

gestion biliousness and constipation-these tablets are< most excellenteold by Antimonopoly drug sore m

No Case of-

Pneumonia

on RecordThere is no case on re¬

cord of a cold resulting inPneumonia or other seri¬

ous lung trouble aft-

erFOLEYS I

HONEY

and TARh-ad been taken-

It stops the cough andheals the lungs and pre¬

vents serious results from-a cold

Do not take chances ona cold wearing away orexperiment with some un-

known preparation thatcosts you the same asFoleys Honey and Tar

Remember the name andget the genuine

A Serer fold for Thru NinthsThe following letter from A J Nus

baum of Batesville Ind tells its ownstory III suffered for three months with-a severe cold A druggist prepared mesome medicine and a physician pre¬

scribed for me yet I did not improve-I then tried Foleys Honey and Tarand eight doses cured me

Three sizes25c SOc 100The 50 cent size contains two and

onehalf times as much as the small sizeand the 100 bottle almost six timeras much

Sill AID RECOUMEUEB Ifoffice Drug St re

4 =< t 1 Ok

11-VI

i

I

AND h-air

t

I

j

7-

tz

Let us illustrate vividly the differcllcledn mean-ing

¬

of the words might mightlive the child will live Might implies doubt willmeans certainty Night live means might diewill live means will not die

These two words aptly illustrate the differencebetween Johnsons Tonic and the horde f commer-cial

¬

remedies on the market and that vast horde ofinert professional remedies wInch only bear thesanction of the High Priests of medic-

ineJOHNSONSr USE TONICi-n a bad case of Grip and you will live

t Use inert or commercial products and >r

you might live

Johnsons Tonic quickly drives out every trace t1 and taint of Grip It is not simply good it is su-

premely¬

goodnot good as anything but bettbrfhaneverythinga genuine lifesaver Tho ein it are safedoubtersare in danger and jeopardize

+

their lives Summed up Johnsons Chill and Feverilf Tonic is the best Grip medicine on earth Tin is

the sober serious earnest truthJOHNSONS CHILL FEVER TONIC CO-

At

e

I all drngiHsts Savannah Ga TaKe no substitutes

J yf

THE CHAMBERS SHOE COMPANY

We have just received Trllnkc A Q Ta complete line ot 1 T ie 0 2500

Suit Cases v 300 l 1500 f

Hand Satchels Ta 125 I 1500C-

ome in and see themI F

THE CHAMBERS SHOE COMPANY-

Opera House Block Ocaia Fla

Strauss a

RoyalReserve

OCALA MINING LABORATORYF T SCHREIBER it

Consulting and Analytical Chemist Miiaherof the Societv of Chemical lndu = try Lon-don Eng Member of Ameaican Chem Iical society

pO Box 703

OCALA FLA Oct 22 1904

Messrs Strauss Co Wholesale WhiskyMerchants Ocala Fla i

Gentlemen In accordance with a yournstructions I visited Lye ID aitluuse < nthe 19th instant and personally selected 3d

from your stock a sample of r

rStrauss Roynl Reserve

wwhisky the analysis of which shows it to

t-

r lt t 1>contain w-

RAIAlcohol by weight per cent 3566t

Alcohol by volume per cent 4361Degree proof per cent 8710l

Residue on evaporation cent 0660t

Ash per 0011Reducing sugar per cent 0225Volatile acids per cent 00271

Amyl alcohol fusel oil per cent 0073 c>ra 1

G sThe above results show the whisky to be-

aR <v s ao i

carefully blended brand of high grade tand that it has been disstilled from a clean pure grain mash 1tThe amount of fusel oil and of volatile acids is very low

RespectfullyF T SCHREIBER Chemist

i= FOUR FULL QUIRTS J350 EXPRESS PREPAID t

STRAUSS COS-ole

e

4

Owners and DistributorsO-CALA

7

FLORIDA

THE VEHICLE AND HARNESS COCor Forsyth and Cedar StJCKSO ILLS FLORIDA

Everything Used by the Carr and Wagonmaker a

and Blacksmith irtCelebrated Davis Wegons for Sale

Our SpecIalties tart <

Wagons Said Wagons Buggies Stlrries Deliveg 4

Harness tWe SOliCIt your rHess and Guarantee satIsactory Service 1-

t

Jf

7

31 t3fiZ-

sJl J