nutrition spm

7/24/2019 nutrition spm

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NUTRTION

NUTRITION


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-INTRODUCTION-

The diagram show the

instrument bombcalorimeter that is used to

determine the calorific value

of a food


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What is Nutrition?

- Nutrition is the intake of nutrients by living organisms

- The unit used to measure the energy contained in food iscalorie (k)

- The calorific value of food is the total energy released fromfood when it is oxidi!ed completely in body

The table shows that the food have different calorific

value

Class of food Calorific value (kJ)

Carbohydrates 17.2

Proteins 22.2

Fats 3.!


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VARIOUS OF FOOD WITH DIFFERENT CALORFIC VALUE

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CLASSES OF FOOD

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CARBOHYDRATES

- "arbohydrates is the main source of energy

- #xamples that food that rich in carbohydrates

is$%

&' ice

' *eef Food that have ma+or calories in carbohydrates' *read

Carbohydrates shown

right contains starchthat needs to :ee;s on

control in inta:e


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FATS

- Fats acts as a heat insulator and protects internal organs

- Food that rich in fats$%

(a) "hocalate

(b)-i!!a

(c)"heese

These food cannot

ta:e e


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VITAMINSMINERALS

- .itamins helps a person to maintain our health

- Food rich in vitamins

(a).itamin A /"arrots

(b).itamin *%Tablets,

tempe

(c).itamin "%mostly vegetables and fruits


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!ROTEIN

- -roteinbuilds new cells for growth and replace damage cells

- #xamples food rich on protein

(a) Fish

(b) 0rain

(c) Assorted beans

Protein ma:es a

;erson to grow in

height.

FUN FACTS


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-WATER-

- 1ater is a medium that is needed in thebody for chemicalreactions in our body'

9e should ta:e glassesof water a day

FUN FACTS


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-FIBRE-

- Fibre helps the movement of food through digestive tract (toavoid constipation)

%Food that rich on roughage$%

(a)Fruits

(b).egetables (c)Nuts

(e)*arly


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FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS CALORIES

RE"UIREMENT

FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ON INDIVIDUALS

CALORIES RE"UIREMENT#-

- 2nfants, children and teenagers need more calories than theold people

- This is because they are still growingand needs more energyto undergo the process

- 3ld people need less energy 4 because they are less active

AGE

>ess>

)old

;eo;le,>ore>

)teenagers,


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RE"UIREMENT

SEX

0enerally, males need more calories than femalebecause$%

(a) 5ale are more active than females(b) 5ales have large body si!e than females

BODY S!E

% An individual withbig body si!e need more caloriesthan smaller si!ed individual because$%(a) There are no weight to support(b) There are more cell to feed


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RE"UIREMENT

"#YSCA$ ACT%TES

- ;hysically active wor:er such as farmer or a laborer

re?uires more calories than an office wor:er.-

This is because a lot of energy is used u; for muscularcontraction

CONDTON OF #EA$T#

- A healthy person generally re6uires more caloriesthan one who is sick'

- This is because is sick person is generally less activeor be bedridden


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RE"UIREMENT

SU&&OUNDNG TE'"E&ATU&E

> ;erson who is in a cold surroundings needs more calories

than ones who is in a warm ;lace- This is because in a cold surroundings@ more energy is lost

from our body to the surroundingsA therefore more calories will

be needed to maintain a constant body tem;erature

(eed more)cold

surroundings,

(eed less

)warm

surroundings,


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HEALTH !ROBLEMS RELATED TO NUTRITION

- The diet of a person should contain sufficient nutrients incorrect 6uantity

- 7ietition are people who are trained to give people adviceabout what they eat or drink to be healthy

- 2mproper nutrition can lead to health problemssuch as$%

'A$NUT&TON OBESTY

ANO&EXA

NE&%OSA

C$C ANY OF T#E TO"C TO %E


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MALNUTRITION

% A person is suffering from malnutrition if his diet containsinsufficient or an excess amountof certain nutrients

- 5alnutrition can lead to many types of health problems, listof problem will be shown on the next slide'

&igh blood

;ressure %iabetes

curvy

'washior:or

0out"ic:ets


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MALNUTRITIONDisease*+eal,+

disorderCause S-./,o.s Ca0 1e /reve0,

2i,+34

&igh blood ;ressure >emostly withoutsym;toms

>eeat less foodcontain fat

%iabetes >e;resence of sugaron urine

>eat less sweet food

curvy >lac: of vitamin c >bleeding gums >eat more fruits andvegetables

'washior:or >lac: of ;rotein >diarrhoea>accumulation fluid

Consume moreseafoodBs

"ic:ets >lac: of vitamin d >soft bones> -ow leggedness

>%rin: more mil:>$e;ain in oints>dis;osition uric acid

>"educe ta:ing;rotein foods

(ight blindness >lac: of vitamin >;oor vision in dimlight

>eat liver@egg@carrotsmore often


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OBESITY

- A person is said to be overeatingwhen he takes in morethan what his body needs

- The extra calorieswill be stored in the form of fats under theskin and around organs

- This can lead to obesity' T &4/%

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-ANORE$IA-

- Anorexia is a psychological illness

- Anorexia is an illness due to intense fear of gaining weightand starving oneself to become thin and underweight'

- 2t occurs more often in adolescent females than males

-

2t can develops slimmingwhich makes a person dislikeeating or refusing to eat

- As a result, they suffer malnutrition and lose a lot of weight

>%eath can occur due toe #t usually needs

counseling to treat it.

FUN FACTS


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DISEASES RESULTIN% FROM UNHEALTHY EATIN%

HABITS

- 8n healthy eating habits can also leads to diseases

- The table shows some comparisons unhealthy eating habitsand their conse6uences

U0+eal,+- ea,i05 +a1i, Co0se6ue0ces

-Eating too much meat food which

are rich in saturated fats andcholesterol

-narrowing of arteries due to deposit

of cholesterol

Overeating, especially overconsumption of carbohydrates and

fats

- Diabetes

-Eating too much snacks and junkfood, especially which high in salt

-High blood pressure

- Diabetes

- Irregular meal times or skipping

meal to often

- astric ulcers

-Eating too fat and swallowing food

without proper chewing- Indigestion


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%OOD NUTRITION AND %OOD EATIN%

HABITS

- 5any health problems and diseases are related to impropernutrition and bad eating habits

- 1e should take good nutrition and practice good eatinghabits

- 1e should take balanced diet

- A balanced diet contains all the classes of food in the rightamount, in accordance with the needs of our body

- 2t should contain plenty of grains, fruits and vegetables,moderate amount of protein%rich food, and as little fats andsugar as possible'

- 8sing a food pyramidwill help abalanced diet in daily life


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-FOOD !YRAMID-

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