NUTRIENTS IN FOOD

BIOLOGY UNIT II: RESPIRATION & PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Nutrients

ESSENTIAL SUBSTANCES THAT YOUR BODY NEEDS IN ORDER TO GROW AND STAY HEALTHY

SIX CATEGORIES:

• CARBOHYDRATES

• PROTEINS

•MINERALS

• VITAMINS

• FATS

•WATER

STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION: CARBOHYDRATES- SUGARS AND STARCHES USED FOR ENERGY!

*PLANTS

Carbohydrates

SIMPLE CARBOHYDRATES•SUGARS•QUICKLY DIGESTED •BOOST OF ENERGY

•LOTS OF SUGAR: ORANGES, MILK, COOKIES, CANDY

MANY SUGARS LINKED TOGETHER

- LONG-TERM ENERGY

- DIGESTED SLOWER THAN

SUGARS.

FOODS WITH LOTS OF STARCH: RICE, BEANS, POTATOES

Complex Carbohydrates

Protein

• Many amino acids connected together

• Provide: building materials that help body• Grow• Repair itself

NON-ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

11 / 20 AMINO ACIDS

*OUR BODY MAKES THEM

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

9 / 20 AMINO ACIDS

•MUST OBTAIN FROM FOOD

• BODY CAN’T

MAKE THEM

PROTEINS

COMPLETE PROTEINS:

• FOODS WITH ALL ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

*EXAMPLES: FISH/MEAT/EGGS/MILK/CHEESE

INCOMPLETE PROTEINS:

• FOODS MISSING SOME ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

*EXAMPLES: LEGUMES/NUTS/WHOLE GRAINS

FAT (LIPIDS)• A.K.A. LIPIDS- SUBSTANCES THAT DO NOT

DISSOLVE IN WATER

• ENERGY SOURCE FOR BODY (MORE THAN…)

Protects and cushions vital organs and joints

Insulation

Fats/Lipids• SUBUNITS:

• FATTY ACID

• GLYCEROL

• TWO TYPES:

• UNSATURATED

• SATURATED

UNSATURATED FATS:

• FATTY ACIDS MISSING HYDROGEN ATOMS

• ROOM TEMP: LIQUID

• LESS HARMFUL THAN SATURATED FATS.

*EXAMPLES: CANOLA/SAFFLOWER/PEANUT OILS

SATURATED FATS:

Fatty acids with MAXIMUM number of hydrogen atoms

Room temperature: solid

Can cause heart disease*Examples: beef fat/egg yolks/dairy products

EQUILIBRIUM

Calorie OUTPUT=2500/day

EQUILIBRIUM2500-2500

=0Body Weight

Stays the Same

Calorie INPUT

= 2500/day

FOOD CALORIES: ENERGY OBTAINED FROM CARBS, PROTEINS, AND FATS

SCIENCE CALORIES: ENERGY NEEDED TO RAISE 1G OF WATER 1°C (4.2

JOULES)

Calories

1 food calorie = 1000 “science” calories

EATING FOOD FOR HEALTHDon’t eat enough: NUTRIENT

DEFICIENCY• Not enough protein and vitamins

Weak bones

• Not enough protein and calcium Weak muscles

• Not enough fat, vitamins, minerals Unhealthy skin and hair

• Not enough protein, vitamins, minerals, fiber Weak immune system

EATING FOOD FOR HEALTHEat too much food: CHRONIC

DISEASE•Overweight/Obesity Eating too many calories (from any source)

•Heart disease Eating too much fat and being overweight

•Type II Diabetes Eating too much processed sugar and being overweight

CALORIES

CALORIE CALCULATIONS

• CARBOHYDRATES 1G = 4 CALORIES

• PROTEIN 1G = 4 CALORIES

• FAT 1G = 9 CALORIES

• ALCOHOL 1G = 7 CALORIES

SAMPLE CALCULATION

•A SLICE OF BREAD HAS 9G OF CARBOHYDRATES, 2G OF PROTEIN, AND 1G OF FAT.

• IN YOUR NOTEBOOK, SET UP THE CALCULATIONS…..

SAMPLE CALCULATION

9 GRAMS CARBS X 4 CALORIES/GRAM

= 36 CALORIES

+ 2 GRAMS PROTEIN X 4 CALORIES/GRAM = 8 CALORIES

+ 1 GRAM FAT X 9 CALORIES/GRAM

= 9 CALORIES______________________________

TOTAL CALORIES = 53

TOTAL SCIENCE CALORIES = 53,000

DO YOU KNOW THE MOST IMPORTANT

NUTRIENT?

IT’S WATER!

60%-80% OF THE HUMAN BODY IS WATER!

WATER AS A NUTRIENT

• FUNCTION: • ASSISTS WITH THE TRANSPORT OF

MATERIALS IN THE BODY

• MAKES UP MOST OF THE LIQUID PART OF BLOOD (PLASMA)

• HELPS REGULATE BODY TEMPERATURE

• HELPS BREAK DOWN FOOD IN THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

*FOOD SOURCES: VEGETABLES, FRUIT, MILK

FEMALE TEENAGER:

- AT LEAST 10- 8OZ. GLASSES/DAY

MALE TEENAGER:

- AT LEAST 14- 8OZ. GLASSES/DAY

YOU LOSE 4 CUPS OF WATER FOR EVERY 1 HOUR OF EXERCISE

ACTIVITYON MY SWIFT SITE: FIND THE ACTIVITY

CALLED

“NUTRITION LABEL ANALYSIS”

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