Nutrient classes of_food_12-10
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Transcript of Nutrient classes of_food_12-10
Nutrient Classes of Food
Biology
Carbohydrates
Functions (used for) provide fuel for the body Are used to build plant cell walls
(cellulose)
What are some food sources of carbohydrates?
Vegetables flour Fruits rice
Elements needed to build carbs:
C = carbon H = hydrogen O = Oxygen Ratio in each type is 2 Hydrogen : 1
Oxygen (C6H12O6)
Carbs: Unique Features
end in –ose (glucose, sucrose, etc) rings of atoms
Specific Examples of Carbs
Glucose Monosaccharide (mono = one,
saccharide = sugar) produced by plants by
photosynthesis Is the main short-term fuel for our
body
Specific Examples of Carbs
Fructose found in many fruits & honey Monosaccharide (mono = one)
Specific Examples of Carbs
sucrose table sugar disaccharide (di = 2)
Starches – 3 types
Specific Examples of Carbs
Starch polysaccharide (poly = many) energy storage for humans
(medium term) Used for carbo loading (pasta party)
Carbs: Specific Examples
Glycogen (a polysaccahride) AKA animal starch Human energy reserves (liver and
muscles) broken down to release glucose
Specific Examples of Carbs
Cellulose (polysaccharide) makes cell walls rigid / strong humans cannot digest – called fiber
in our diet
Carbohydrates - FIBER
What is the role of fiber in health? absorb water and toxins ensure regular elimination of wastes decrease cancer risk
Protein
Proteins
Function (used for) build tissue – hair, nails, skin, muscle,
organs, tendons, ligaments repair tissue – after an injury regulate chemical activity (enzymes)
Proteins: What are some food sources?
meat (beef, pork, fowl, fish, lamb) dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt) nuts beans eggs
Elements that build Proteins:
C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen N = nitrogen
Unique Features of Proteins:
made of chains of amino acids amino acid chains fold in a specific
shape shape determines function (job) Enzymes end in -ase
Specific Examples of Proteins:
Enzymes – control chemical reactions (digestion, cell activities)
Specific Examples of Proteins:
Hemoglobin – main component of red blood cells Binds and carries oxygen from lungs to
cells
Specific Examples of Proteins:
Transport Proteins – help molecules move in or out of a cell membrane
Specific Examples of Proteins:
Insulin – a hormone signals cells to take glucose out of
blood and use it.
Lipids (Fats)
Lipids [AKA fats] (used for)
some hormones are lipids Building the cell membrane long-term energy storage (the fat
our body stores)
What are some food sources of Lipids?
Dairy milk, cheese, butter
Plant seeds olive, peanut, corn
Meats contain fats
What elements are involved?
C = carbon H = hydrogen O = oxygen
Unique Features of Lipids
Made of fatty acids and glycerol stores most energy stored per
gram. Very long chains of fatty acids with
lots of bonds
Specific Examples of Lipids
Phospholipid – used to make the cell membrane
Specific Type
saturated fats solid at room temp typically animal fats not healthy for us
Specific Type
unsaturated fats liquid at room temp typically plant fats healthy for you
Saturated vs unsaturated fats
The End