Carbohydrates FNW Unit 5A Nutrients & Nutrient Classes HUM-FL-4: Evaluate nutritional information in...
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Transcript of Carbohydrates FNW Unit 5A Nutrients & Nutrient Classes HUM-FL-4: Evaluate nutritional information in...
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CarbohydratesFNW Unit 5A Nutrients & Nutrient Classes
HUM-FL-4: Evaluate nutritional information in relation to wellness for individuals and families.
4.1 Identify basic nutrient information i.e. nutrient classes and major sources of each.
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The Facts of Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are the body’s chief source of energy
• Most come from plant foods
• Three Main Types are important in your diet• Sugars
• Starches
• Fiber
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Molecular Structure of Carbohydrates
• Carbohydrates are made up of a single sugar unit called Monosaccharides
• Carbohydrates made up of a pair of sugar units are called Disaccharides
• Carbohydrates made up of many sugar units are called Polysaccharides
• Check out this video to dig deeper.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H8WJ2KENlK0
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Functions of Carbohydrates
• The main function is to furnish the body with energy.
• Carbohydrates are the only source of energy the brain can use
• The body can use Carbohydrates more readily than fats or proteins• Protein is used mainly to build & repair tissue and fats are serve
as long lasting energy reserves. If there are not carbohydrates for energy then they can’t preform these tasks.
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Sugars• Because of their molecular structures sugars are
sometimes called…
Simple Carbohydrates
• Glucose – Throughout the body and called the blood sugar
• Fructose – Sweetest of all sugars and called the fruit sugar
• Galactose - found attached to glucose to form sugar in milk
• Sucrose – Ordinary Table Sugar
• Lactose – Milk of Mammals (AKA Milk Sugar)
• Maltose – Found in grain products. Malt Sugar
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Starches & Grains• Made from many glucose sugar units that are blended together
& are called…
Complex Carbohydrates
• Starch is the storage form of energy in plants.
• Because our diets have a large amount of plant foods, starch is the most abundant carbohydrate in the diet.
• When we digest plant foods they release energy stored by plants as starch.
• They body then releases them as energy for fuel.
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Starches & Grains Cont. • Fiber is a form of complex carbohydrate from plants that humans
cannot digest. • It doesn’t provide the body with energy but provides bulk in the diet for normal
bowel function.
• Functions performed by fiber are linked to Heart Disease and some cancer.
• Fiber binds to a compound made from cholesterol and carries it out of the body. It helps to lower cholesterol levels which can reduce heart disease.
• Fiber stimulates the muscles in the digestive tract which helps speed food through the body.
• The bulk created by fiber can help reduce carcinogens (cancer-causing agents)
• Men through age 50 consume 38grams/day
• Women through age 50 consume 25grams/day
• After 50 intakes drop
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Sources of Carbohydrates
• Sources high in simple carbohydrates• Sugars, syrups, soft drinks, jams, jellies, candies and other sweets
• Sources of Starch• Breads, cereals, pasta products and rice.
• Some vegetables – corn, potatoes dried beans & peas
• Sources of Fiber• Whole grain cereals, fresh fruits & vegetables
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Excesses & Deficiencies Related to Carbohydrates
• Foods high in carbs are abundant in the U.S. so we don’t have many deficiencies.
• Can cause the body to protein as energy and can interfere with normal growth & repair of body tissue.
• Can cause a chemical imbalance in the body
• If the diet is lacking fiber constipation may occur.
• An excess of Simple Carbohydrate foods can deprive the body of nutrients it needs to function and lead to weight gain.
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Recommendations for Carbohydrates
• Eat a diet high in whole-grain breads & cereals
• Limit the number of calories consumed from fat
• Make sure most of your calories come from complex carbohydrates especially those that are high in fiber
• Remember your foods energy is measured in calories.