NS9750 - Training

Hardware

Memory Interface

Memory Interface • Support for SDRAM, asynchronous SRAM, ROM, asynchronous

flash and Micron synchronous flash • Support for 8, 16 or 32 bit devices• Four static memory chip selects and four dynamic memory chip

selects• Each chip select can support up to 256MB of memory• Chip selects are independently configured• Guaranteed 200MB/s BW to/from SDRAM

– 200MB/s is achieved when multiple masters are accessing memory and all accesses are row misses and all accesses are 8-words.

• Open bank and row status maintained for each dynamic memory chip select to maximize system performance

• SDRAM refresh cycles performed as needed• Address mirroring on chip select #1 to support “boot from flash”

functionality• Clock forwarded interface simplifies board design

Memory Interface Hardware Strapping Pins

• BOOT_STRAP[0] (Internal pull-up)– Chip select 1 byte lane enable polarity select. The input is

inverted.• “0” -> Active low (default)• “1” -> Active high

• BOOT_STRAP[2] (Internal pull-up)– Memory interface read mode select.

• “0” -> Command delay mode.• “1” -> This option is not supported.

• BOOT_STRAP[4:3] (Internal pull-up) – Chip select 1 data width select

• “00” -> 8 bits• “01” -> 16 bits• “10” -> 32 bits• “11” -> Not Defined

Memory Interface Hardware Strapping Pins

• GPIO[49] (Internal pull-up)– Chip select 1 polarity. The input is inverted.

• “0” -> Active low (default)• “1” -> Active high

• GPIO[44] (Internal pull-up) – Endian mode. The input is inverted.

• “0” -> Active low (default)• “1” -> Active high

• RESET_DONE (Internal pull-up)– System Boot mode

• “0” -> Boot from SDRAM using SPI-EEPROM• “1” -> Boot from Flash or ROM (default)

System Boot from Flash

• NS9750 powers up and the ARM9 is taken out of reset.

• The ARM9 begins fetching instructions from address 0x00000000.

• This fetch is mirrored from DY_CS_N[0] to ST_CS_N[1].

• The ARM9 configures the memory controller with optimal values and disables the address mirroring function.

• The ARM9 branches to execute code directly from static memory.

• The ARM9 copies the boot code from the static memory device to the dynamic memory device.

• The ARM9 branches to execute code out of dynamic memory.

Hints & Kinks• Why must pin boot_strap[2] be tied low ?

– Command delayed mode was implemented. Clock delayed mode is reserved for future use.

• How may devices can be attached to the system memory bus ?– At 100Mhz, the memory interface pins can drive 2 loads, typically a flash and an

SDRAM or a buffer and an SDRAM. Other configurations at lower clock rates must be verified with a Spice analysis.

• Why must pin clk_out[0] be connected to pin clk_in[0] ?– This is the SDRAM feedback clock path. It is used to clock the read data into the

chip. The other three feedback clocks, clk_in[3:1], need only be connected to ground.

• Can I add delay to the feedback clock path ?– No. The feedback clock path should be no longer than 2 inches.

• What is the speed of the memory interface clock ?– The memory interface clock is always the same frequency as the AHB clock. Refer

to the SCM chapter for complete details.

Hints & Kinks

• What are some example part numbers ?– Micron 128Mb SDRAM MT48LC4M32B2– Micron 8Mb Flash MT28F800F3

• Where can I find component specifications?– http://www.micron.com/– http://www.intel.com/

Example Memory Subsystem

NS9750

GND

MicronMT48LC4M32B2-7

SDRAM

MicronMT28F800B3

FLASH

WE#CE#RP#

OE#A[18:0]DQ[15:0]

BYTE#

VCC

ras_ncas_nwe_n

st_oe_nrp_n

clk_out[3:0]clk_en[3:0]

clk_in[2:0] addr[27:0]data[31:0]

data_mask[3:0]byte_lane_sel_n[3:0]

dy_cs_n[3:0]st_cs_n[3:0]

clk_in[0]

CLKCKECS#RAS#CAS#WE#

DQM[3:0]

BA[1:0]A[11:0]

DQ[31:0]

1. clk_out[0] must connect only to clk_in[0]

clk_out[1]

dy_cs_n[0]

st_cs_n[1]

Example SDRAM Burst Read

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

row col

bank bank

active readnop nop nopnop nop nopnop

0ns 25ns 50ns 75ns 100ns

clk_out[3:0]

addr[12:0]

addr[14:13]

dy_cs_n[3:0]

ras_n

cas_n

data[31:0]1

1. CAS equals 3 in this example

Example Flash Read

A0-A18

CE#

RP#

OE#

WE#

DQ0-DQ15

Valid Address

Valid Data