Unit 7: Meeting Energy Needs

Anthropometrics

Basal Metabolic Rate

Body Mass Index

kcal

What factors influence our energy needs?

10-15% of total energy needs

Are there any food “myths” you have heard that may be attributed to the thermic effect of food?

One pound of fat = 3500 kcals

How many calories do you need to decrease per day in the diet to achieve a one pound loss per week?

How does this translate to weight gain?

Energy Input = Energy Output(or calories in = calories out)

Energy Input= Calories from food

Energy Output= Metabolism (BMR) Physical Activity Thermic Effect of Food

First, calculate your BMI

What about body composition? Have you ever had this calculated? By what method?

What are the different categories of BMI weight status?

Obesity◦ Is it possible to be obese and malnourished?

◦ What can be done to decrease weight in an obese individual?

◦ What health problems are associated with obesity?

◦ Can culture play a role in weight status?

◦ What other factors influence weight status?

Chapter 8 9

Fat Distribution◦ Distribution of body fat may be more critical

than the amount◦ Intra-abdominal fat/Central obesity

Increased risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, hypertension, and cancer

Common in men and post-menopausal women Waist Circumference

◦ Indicator of fat distribution Women greater than 35 inches Men greater than 40 inches (Waist-to-Hip ratio)

Women with a Waist to Hip ratio of .80 or greater Men with a Waist to Hip ration of .90 or greater

May have an increased risk for health problems.

Obesity is a chronic disease◦Treatment requires long-term lifestyle changes

(no quick fix). Dieters are misdirected

◦More concerned about weight loss than healthy, active lifestyle.

◦Unrealistic weight expectations.

Usually lack fiber, carbohydrates, selected vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants; deficiencies may exist

Emphasizes one or two foods. Severely restricts food choices; rigid eating

plans. Temporary solution to weight loss…not long-

term. Focus is not on permanent eating, exercise, or

behavior changes.

Pick a fad diet that’s popular to discuss with the class

Promote quick weight loss Limited food selections; rituals Use of testimonials Cure-alls Recommend expensive supplements No permanent lifestyle changes advocated Critical of the scientific community

National Weight Control Registry www.nwcr.ws Investigates characteristics of individuals who

have succeeded at long-term weight loss. 45% lost weight on their own; 55% used a

program. 98% modified their food intake. 94% increased their activity (walking most

reported).

Calorie control◦ Portions◦ Eat less overall, but still choose variety of foods

Exercise on regular basis; ACSM Position◦ To prevent weight gain: 150-250 min/week◦ Weight loss: 150->250 min/week◦ Weight maintenance after weight loss: >250 min/week

Donnelly JE, et al.  Appropriate physical activity intervention strategies for weight loss and prevention

of weight regain for adults.  Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 2009; 41:459-471.