NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention
description
Transcript of NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention
![Page 1: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/1.jpg)
NS 210: Seminar 8Nutritional Assessment in
Disease Prevention
![Page 2: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/2.jpg)
How was everyone's week?
![Page 3: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/3.jpg)
Overview
• The prominent role of diet and nutritional status ins several leading causes of death for North Americans give nutritional assessment an important role to play in disease prevention
• Risk factors of Coronary Heart Disease– Leading cause of death for North Americans– Are related to diet– Elevated serum total and LDL cholesterol– Hypertension– Diabetes
![Page 4: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/4.jpg)
Ok Jeopardy Time
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) is causally associated with several risk factors
What are these Risk Factors?
![Page 5: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/5.jpg)
Coronary Heart Disease
• Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)– Leading cause of death in the US despite
>26% decline in CHD death rates since 1988
– Associated with several risk factors• Elevated blood cholesterol
• High blood pressure
• Cigarette smoking
![Page 6: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/6.jpg)
I will take HDL for 100 Alex
• What number do we want our High Density Lipid (HDL) level to be to help prevent onset on CHD?
![Page 7: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/7.jpg)
Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) Risk Factors
• Risk factors for CHD– Positive risk factors
• Cigarette smoking
• Hypertension (blood pressure >140/90)
• Low HDL cholesterol <40– Goals
» Women >55
» Men > 45
• Family history of premature CHD
• Age (men >45 yo, women >55 yo)
– Negative Risk Factors• HDL Cholesterol >60
![Page 8: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/8.jpg)
Heart Attack Warning Signs
• Heart attack warning signs– Chest discomfort– Discomfort in other areas of the upper body
• Arm, back, neck, jaw
– Shortens of breath– Other signs
• Cold sweat, nausea, lightheadedness
![Page 9: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/9.jpg)
Alex, I will take Cholesterol Levels for 100
• Having a cholesterol level of >200 is a good or bad thing?
![Page 10: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/10.jpg)
CHD Risk – Elevated Cholesterol
• CHD risk is directly related to serum levels of total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol
• CHD risk is inversely related to levels of high HDL cholesterol
• National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) desirable levels of total cholesterol in adults– <200mg/dL
![Page 11: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/11.jpg)
Atherosclerosis
![Page 12: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/12.jpg)
How is CHD Diagnosed?
• Dr. will diagnosis CHD based on:– Your medical and family history– Risk factors– Results of a physical exam and diagnostic test
procedures• EKG (Electrocardiogram)• Stress Testing• Echocardiography• Chest X-Ray• Blood tests• Electron-Beam Computed Technology• Coronary Angiography and Cardiac Catheterization
![Page 13: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/13.jpg)
Ways to Help Treat CHD for 600 Hundred
• DAILY DOUBLE!!!
• What are some way to help treat CHD?
![Page 14: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/14.jpg)
How is CHD Treated?
• Lifestyle Changes– Reduce high blood pressure– Reduce high cholesterol
• Follow a Heart Healthy Eating Plan• Therapeutic Lifestyle Changes• DASH Diet• Increased Physical Activity• Maintain a Healthy Weight • Smoking Cessation• Stress Reduction• Medications• Cardiac Rehab
![Page 15: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/15.jpg)
Addressing High Cholesterol
• Two ways of addressing high cholesterol levels– Population based approach– Patient based approach
• Population based approach– Emphasizes dietary and lifestyle changes for
people to lower cholesterol levels in the entire population
• Patient based approach– Identification and treatment of individuals with
elevated cholesterol levels by physicians
![Page 16: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/16.jpg)
Dietary Factors and Cholesterol
• Factors that can influence cholesterol and lipoprotein levels– Saturated fats
• Raise LDL cholesterol
– Unsaturated Fats• Polyunsaturated Fats
– Lower LDL and HDL
• Monounsaturated Fats– Lower LDL
– Maintain HDL cholesterol
![Page 17: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/17.jpg)
CHD and Hypertension
• Hypertension is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular disease and renal disease– 1 in 4 Americans has hypertension or is taking
antihypertensive medications
– Systolic >120mm HG and diastolic >80mmg HG increases risk for cardiovascular disease
• Most important risk factors for hypertension– Sodium intake
– Excessive energy consumption
– Physical inactivity
– ETOH consumption
– Inadequate potassium intake
![Page 18: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/18.jpg)
Nutrition Assessment in Disease Prevention: Osteoporosis
• Osteoporosis– Bone mineral content is decrease– Resulting in great susceptibility to fracture– Common fracture sites - pelvis vertebrae, hip, distal
forearm, humorous
• Peak bone mass– Varies considerably among individuals because of
• Heredity
• Sex
• Race
• Environmental factors
![Page 19: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/19.jpg)
Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention
• Osteoporosis– Cost
• In 2005– Osteoporosis-related fractures were responsible for an
estimated $19 billion in costs
• By 2025– Experts predict that these costs will rise to
approximately $25.3 billion
http://www.nof.org/osteoporosis/diseasefacts.htm#gender
![Page 20: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/20.jpg)
EER
• Adult males: EER=662 (9.53*AGE)+PA*(15.91*WT+539.6*HT)
• • Adult females: EER=354-(6.91*AGE)+PA*(9.36*WT+726*HT)
![Page 21: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/21.jpg)
CASE STUDY
• Male:
• 6’0
• 198#
• Activity: low activity
• 56
![Page 22: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/22.jpg)
• Weight in Kg
• Height in Meters
• PA= for activity level
![Page 23: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/23.jpg)
Prevention
http://www.girlshealth.gov/bones/
![Page 24: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/24.jpg)
Bone Densitometry
• Bone densitometry– The measurement of bone mineral content– Important in early detection and treatment of
osteoporosis and monitoring progression and response to treatment
– Dual-energy X-Ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the most widely used technology for determining bone mineral density
• Quantitative Ultrasongoraphy (QUS)– Identify those persons likely to benefit from DXA testing
![Page 25: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/25.jpg)
Unit 8 Project Section
• Discuss your clients risk of Coronary Heart Disease
• Compare your clients current diet to the Nutrient Composition of the Therapeutic Lifestyle Change diet Use the MEDFICTS dietary assessment questionnaire (appendix E)
![Page 26: NS 210: Seminar 8 Nutritional Assessment in Disease Prevention](https://reader034.fdocuments.us/reader034/viewer/2022051821/568151bb550346895dbfe61c/html5/thumbnails/26.jpg)
Questions