November 9, 2005
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Sociology of Environment 11-9-05 Week 11B Energy
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Transcript of November 9, 2005
Sociology of Environment
11-9-05
Week 11B
Energy
Overview
Welcome News
Presentation Sociology of Energy
Next Meeting: Battle over ANWR
Energy & Society
To begin….with Humor:
http://www.markfiore.com/animation.html
US Energy Policy 2001
US government Policy
http://www.whitehouse.gov/energy/
US Energy Policy 2001
Ease Restrictions of oil/gas development on Public Lands, e.g. ANWR
Ease Permitting process for refinery expansion and construction
Support Geothermal/ hydropower
US Energy Policy 2001
Streamline approval process for siting power plants
Tax breaks for clean coal technologies/ Nuclear
Ease regulatory barriers for utilities
Some tax credits for renewable energy/ hybrids
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Pre Agricultural Revolution – 2 sources of energy
Human muscle powerFire
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Pre Agricultural Revolution – 2 sources of energy Human muscle power Fire
Short periods – Man – 800 watts [1 horse power]
Over several days – Man on avg. 0.3 HP
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– First Major Leap Domestication of animals
– Horses, oxen, mules, camels and elephants
– Egyptians 3500 BC captured Wind with Sails
Egyptian Sailing Vessels
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Around 400 BC – an important invention?
Important Invention
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Around 400 BC – an important invention?
The Horseshoe!!
Allowed for agricultural work in fields
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– By Middle Ages 500AD to 1500AD
Wind and water regularly used to provide energy– Windmills– Waterwheels
Ancient Windmills
Ancient Windmills
Ancient Water Wheels
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Beginning of the Industrial Revolution – Britain – ENERGY SHORTAGE [timber]
– Utilization of Coal– James Watt – inventor of the steam engine
– Industrial Revolution – took off
Human Use of Energy – Population Growth
Human Use of Energy
Brief History
– Modern Industrial Use of Energy
– Conventional Energy Mix (Fossil Fuel +) Oil Natural Gas Coal Nuclear Hydro
Total Energy Use
Total Energy Use & Pollution
http://www.elpc.org/polCalc/index.htm
Energy form the Earth’s Crust
Sources of Energy
First US Oil well
1859 in Pennsylvania
Total Oil Worldwide 6% of the energy found in Coal
Special Liquid Properties
Energy Consumption by FuelQuadrillion Btu
Energy Consumption by Fuel
Relative Proportions– US – Normalized/ units per capita
Each Curve 50 years
Illustrates Pattern of Replacement
Oil & Gas coming to an end ??
Next Source?
Global Energy Use Patterns
Natural Gas 19.6%
Natural Gas25.0%
Oil39.5%
Oil39.2%
Coal30.3%
Coal23.1%
Hydroelectric6.7%
Nuclear3.9%
Hydroelectric7.7%
Nuclear5.0%
Natural Gas 19.6%
Natural Gas25.0%
Oil39.5%
Oil39.2%
Coal30.3%
Coal23.1%
Hydroelectric6.7%
Nuclear3.9%
Hydroelectric7.7%
Nuclear5.0%
Worldwide North America
Growth World Energy Consumption
Growth World Energy Consumption
Global Energy Use Patterns
Global Energy Use Patterns
US Dependence on Foreign Oil
Where Does the Energy Go US?
Relative ConsumptionAnnual per capita Commercial Energy Consumption (UNEP 2000)
US Sources Energy Production
Fossil Fuels 86% Geothermal 0.5% Nuclear 8% Wind Farms 0.1% Hydroelectric 2% Solar 0.1% Biofuels 3.3% Source: US Department of Energy
Wealth & Energy Use
Energy Use Prospects
Reserves vs. Resources
– Reserves = Proven, existing supplies
– Resources = Total amount in nature [discovered yet or not]
Location of Resources - Global
Location of Coal Resources - US
Peak Oil
Oil will not just "run out" because all oil production follows a bell curve. This is true whether we're talking about an individual field, a country, or on the planet as a whole.
Peak Oil
World Oil Consumption – long view
US Gas Prices
US Gas Prices & Autos
Is the big SUV dying?
– News Items from MSN Best Selling Ford Explorer – 58% sales drop
– September 2005 compared to September 2004
Ford Expedition [14 miles/gallon] 61% sales drop
Ford stopped selling its Excursion – August 2005
US Gas Prices & Autos
Is the big SUV dying? Cont.
– News Items from MSN GM’s full sized SUVs, - to be replaced by more fuel-
efficient models – fell 56% Hummer H2 Sales – were off 31% New Hummer H3 – off to a brisk start [16mph/ city]
US Gas Prices & Autos
Is the big SUV dying? Cont.
– News Items from MSN Toyota 46% few of its large Sequoia SUV Sales of smaller SUV down sharply
Honda – SUV Pilot – off 26% Nissan – Armadas [13mph] – down 20%
Toyota’s Prius – 90% increase
Trans Alaskan Pipeline
http://www.solcomhouse.com/pipeline.htm
Exxon Valdez
March 24, 1989 – Oil Tanker – Exxon Valdez – hit Bligh Reef in Prince William Sound
The Sound – one of the most pristine and productive estuaries in the world
Largest Oil Spill in US History– 11 million barrels
$4 billion in legal damages
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez disaster is estimated to have killed 250,000 seabirds, 2,800 sea otters, 300 harbour seals, 250 bald eagles, up to 22 killer whales, and an unknown number of salmon and herring.
Exxon Valdez
Path of the Tanker
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
Exxon Valdez
ANWR
ANWR Controversy
ANWR Information
http://www.anwr.org/
ANWR Controversy
Reaction Paper #1: ANWAR – Due Monday November 14 [bring paper to class]
Position: Pro Drilling or Con; What should happen to ANWR and why? What would be gained and what would be lost?
Attendance is HIGHLY encouraged.
