K io . I L+ .

V L I Z (VZW) With the A uthor's Compliments.

VLAAIUS INSTiTUUT VQOR n p

7 7 1 3Oostende - Belgium

NOTES ON THE NAMES OF SOME BRITISH MARINE MOLLUSCA.

Vlaams Instituut voor de ZeeFlandetv Marino Institute

BY

T O M IR E D A L E .

[ From the P r o c e e d i n g s o f t h e M a l a c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y , V o l. X I , P a rt V I , A u g u s t, 1915 .]

[From the P r o c e e d i n g s o p t f i e M a t . a c o l o g i c a l S o c i e t y , V o l. X I , P a r t V I , A u g u s t, 1 9 1 5 .]

NOTES ON T H E NAM ES OF SOME B R IT IS H M A R IN E MOLLUSCA.

I5 y T o m I r k d a l e .

Read l l t l i June, 1915.

M y p resen t them e w i l l read som ew hat s tra n g e ly to those conversan t w ith m y w r it in g s , and an apo logy seems necessary. I n m y A n tip o d e a n researches I have had c o n tin u a lly to re fe r to B r i t is h l ite ra tu re and fo rm s. T h e la te s t L is t o f B r it is h M a r in e M o llu sca appeared in th e Jo u rn . C onch., v o l. x , p. 9 e t seq., Ja n u a ry , 1901, and I fo u n d i t to he u n re lia b le as a gu ide to p resen t-day conclusions. T h is L is t was p re p a re d b y a C o m m itte e o f th e C oncho log ica l S oc ie ty o f G re a t B r ita in and Ire la n d , and I th e re fo re suggested to th e S oc ie ty , th ro u g h m y fr ie n d M r. J . 11. Ie B . T o m lin , th a t i t was necessary to p repare a n e w L is t , and also th a t I w o u ld o ffe r m y services as re g a rd nom en- c la tu ra l d e ta ils . A s fa r as I can ju d g e th e S oc ie ty was u n w il l in g , b u t i t was in tim a te d th a t a new L is t m ig h t be u n o ff ic ia lly p ub lished w ere f u l l reasons fo r a lte ra tio n s g ive n , and fu r th e r th a t I m ig h t u n d e rta ke i t m y s e lf. I the reupon c r it ic iz e d th e L is t , and n o t in g th a t th e m a jo r ity o f generic names w o u ld a t so m e tim e o r o th e r come under e x a m in a tio n in connex ion w ith A n tip o d e a n m a te r ia l, I u n d e rto o k th e re c t if ic a t io n o f th e L is t. B e fo re I had p e rfo rm e d m uch w o rk , 1 d iscovered th a t th e e x p la n a tio n fo r th e reasons o f th e in n u m e ra b le necessary changes w o u ld occupy m uch m ore space th a n th e L is t i ts e lf . A s m an y o f th e names are o f m uch m ore th a n loca l in te re s t, I ta ke th is o p p o r tu n ity o f re c o rd in g a n u m b e r o f a lte ra tio n s , w i th th e reasons, and a t th e same tim e w o u ld re m a rk th a t a s im ila r c r it ic is m o f th e she lls them selves w o u ld p ro b a b ly necessitate as m an y changes.

I t w o u ld appear th a t in th e q u o ta tio n and proposa l o f v a r ie ta l names no s c ie n tif ic va lue was cons ide red ; th e m ost s t r ik in g exam p le is in Paludestrina, w he re , u n d e r th e species stagnalis, B aste ro t, I no te v a r. octona, L in n é ; as I consider th is genus non -m a rin e , I m ake no fu r th e r rem a rk . I n th e genus L ittorina I no te u n d e r th e species rudis, M a to n , th e va r. saxatilis, Jo h n s to n ; b u t th e name saxatilis is th e o ldest fo r th is k in d o f sh e ll, b e in g g ive n b y O liv i . I observe th a t th is n o m in a tio n is o f q u ite o rd in a ry occu rre n ce ; neverthe less, i t is in c o rre c t, m is le a d ing , p e rp le x in g , and in v a lid . T o a ccu ra te ly f ix a n y o f th e names, a com ple te synonym y, w i th dates p ro p e r ly de te rm in e d , is necessary, and th is I am n o w engaged in co m p ilin g . A s i t w i l l p ro b a b ly ta k e years to g a th e r to g e th e r a l l th e strands,1 cons ider i t necessary, as an a id , to p u b lis h im p e rfe c t conclusions, and s o lic it c r it ic is m fro m a ll in te rested .

Genus N o v a l u n a , nom . nov.

F o r a genus o f A p lacopho ra , JVeomenia, T u llb e rg , is in use. T h is nam e was proposed in th e B ih a n g . K . Svensk. V e t . -A k . H a n d l. S to ckh ., v o l. i i i , N o . 13, p. 3, O ctober, 1875, fo r th e n e w speciesIV. earinata a lone. T u llb e rg gave th e d e riv a tio n as fro m th e G reek fo r ‘ new m o o n ’ , b u t in 18-J8 B il lb e rg , in th e S ynopsis Faunae

3 3 0 PROCEEDINGS OF T H E MAI.ACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

Scand., v o l. i , p t. i i , ta b le A , had proposed Neomenius, w ith th e same d e riv a tio n . I th e re fo re propose to rep lace T u llb e rg ’ s name as above. T h e syn o n ym Solenopus, K o re n & D anie lssen, A rc h iv M a th , and N a tu rh . K r is t ia n ia , v o l. i i , p . 127, 1877, is its e lf p reoccup ied b y Solenopus, S choenherr ( Is is , 1825, co l. 584 ).

T e c t ü r a , G ray .

Acmeea, E schscho ltz , has been p re fe rre d to Teetura, and I no te th a t th is was lo n g a source o f d iscussion w h ic h was a t la s t decided in fa v o u r o f Acnuea on th e score o f p r io r i t y . T h a t th e re was a p r io r Acmea seems to have been igno red b y a ll th e d isp u ta n ts , b u t such is a fac t, w h ic h was on record a l l th e tim e . Acmea is a v a lid m o lluscan nam e, and I th in k i t q u ite im poss ib le to m a in ta in as w e ll, in p ra c tic a l usage, Acmcea. I th in k , m oreover, th a t th e ty p e o f A cm aa cannot be regarded as congeneric w ith th e B r i t is h she lls so nam ed. F o r th e m w e can th e n re v e r t to Tectura, f ir s t in tro d u ce d in a L a t in guise b y G ray , P roc. Zoo l. Soc., 1847, p . 158, th e ty p e b y o r ig in a l d es igna tion b e in g Patella parva, w h ic h is rega rded as a synonym o f P . virginea, 0 . F . M i i l le r (Z oo l. D an . P ro d r., p. 237 , 1776, D a n m a rk ). ‘ T e c tu re ’ had o n ly p re v io u s ly appeared as a F re n ch ve rn a cu la r, as a d m itte d b y a l l w r ite rs .

W h e n D a li rev iew ed th e Acm æ idæ he proposed Collisella (A m e r. J o u rn . C onch., v o l. v i , p . 245, A p r i l 4 , 1871) as a sub-genus o f Acmcea, d e s ig n a tin g as ty p e A . pelta , E schscho ltz . T o th a t sub-genus he re fe rre d Patella testudinalis, 0 . F . M i i l le r (Z o o l. D an . P ro d r., 1776, p . 237, D a n m a rk ). A s a synonym o f th is nam e has been g e n e ra lly quo ted P atella tesselata, O. F . M i i l le r . T h a t name f ir s t appeared on th e same page as testudinalis, b u t p laced be fore i t , and has th e re fo re place p r io r i t y ; i t is th e re sp e lt tessulata. I n th e Zoo l. D a n . la te r , 0 . F . M i i l le r gave lo n g d e ta ile d d e sc rip tio n s o f th e new species diagnosed in tw o lin e s in th e P rod rom us above c ite d . In v o l. i , p . 27, 1779, a f u l l d e ta ile d account o f Patella tesselata is g iven , b u t th e re is no fu r th e r m e n tio n o f P . testudinalis. T h is is , to me, suggestive , as th e re was a p r io r P . testudinaria, L in n é , S ys t. N a t., 1 0 th ed., 1758, p . 783, and I w o u ld conclude th a t M ü l le r ’ s tessulata o r tesselata has th e best c la im to usage.

A n s a t e s , S ow erby , 1839.

I n th e L is t P atina, Leach, is used. I hope such a q u o ta tio n w i l l s u re ly neve r be g ive n aga in b y a w o rk e r w ho has to trace names, and m y usage is th e re je c tio n o f a l l Leach ian names u n t i l i t be p roved th a t Leach p u b lished th e m . T he e a rlie s t usage o f P atina I have y e t traced is th a t b y G ray , w hen he p u b lished th e Le a ch ian names in th e A n n . M ag . N a t. H is t . , v o l. x x , p. 271 , O ctober, 1847. H is ty p e was b y m o n o typ y P . lavis. H o w e ve r, in th e C oncho log ica l M a n u a l, 1st ed., 1839, b y S ow erby, I came across th e fo l lo w in g e n t r y : “ p. 6, A nsates , K le in . Species o f Patella w ith a p roduced recu rved beak. Helcion, M o n tf. E x . Patella pellucid a, f ig . 2 3 0 .” F ro m th is , th e o n ly conc lus ion possib le is th e re co g n itio n o f A nsates, S ow erby

i r e d a l e : o n n a m e s o f n u i T i s n m a r i n e m o l l u s c a . 3 3 1

(e x K le in ) in place o f G ra y ’s name P atina, ove r w h ic h i t has e ig h t years p r io r i ty .

D i o d o r a , G ray .I n th e L is t Fissurella grceca appears. T he species grceca cannot

he re fe rre d to th e genus Fissurella, so th a t e rro r is here a t once a pparen t. Fissurella was in tro d u ce d b y B ru g u iè re in th e E n c y c l. M e th o d . V ers., v o l. i , p . x iv , 1791, w i th a vague d iagnosis, and no species c ite d . A t th is in tro d u c t io n i t can o n ly be considered a nomen nudum. I n 1799 L a m a rck in th e M ém . Soc. H is t . N a t., p . 78, c ite d in c o n ju n c tio n th e species Patella nimbosa, L in n é . T he name th e n dates fo r a c tu a l usage fro m th is p lace, and nimbosa is n o t congeneric w i th grceca. I n th e M an . C onch., v o l. x i i , p. 205, 1890, P ils b ry recogn ized th is , and a llo tte d th e species ‘grceca' to G lgphis, C arpen te r. T h is name was proposed in th e C a t. M a z a tla n S he lls , p . 220, 1856, a p p a re n tly fo r th e grceca g roup , b u t th e name chosen was preoccup ied b y Glgphis, Agassiz (Poiss. foss., v o l. i i i , p. 241 , 1843). H e d le y , fo llo w in g P ils b ry and Johnson (N a u t ilu s , v o l. v , p . 104, J a n u a ry , 1882), in h is C at. M a rin e M o ll. Q ueensl. (P roc . A u s tr . Assoc. A d v . Science, B risbane , 1908, p. 352, 1909) th e re fo re re jec te d Glgphis, and used fo r a la rg e g roup Fissuridea. T h is name w as proposed b y S w a inson (T re a tise M a lac ., p . 356, 1840) w i th th e d iagnosis “ S ub -con ica l, cap-shaped; th e su m m it close to th e po s te rio r m a rg in : th e p e rfo ra tio n n a rro w . T. pileus, S w . Sp. n o v .” T he species was recogn ized as ‘ galeata, H e lb l in g ’ b y P ils b ry , and S w a inson ’ s name was used fo r th is a lone. W ith d o u b t I have fo llo w e d H e d le y in associa ting she lls o f 1 grceca' a f f in ity w ith those l ik e ‘ galeata, H e lb l in g ’ . lie c e n t ly m y doubts have been con firm ed, and I w i l l la te r show th a t these tw o are c e r ta in ly g e n e r ic a lly d is t in c t. C onsequen tly Fissuridea is n o t a va ila b le fo r th e fo rm e r. D a li in th e P roc. U .S . N a t. M us ., vo l. x lv i i i , pp . 4 3 7 -4 0 , J a n u a ry 19, 1915, has discussed th e names g ive n to species o f th is fa m ily in th e Conchological Illustrations. H e has th e re p u t fo rw a rd Lucapina, as o f S ow erby , 1835, as ap p lica b le to th e g roup . O n h is da ta I w o u ld p re fe r Foraminella, b u t we are saved fro m a fu r th e r co m p lica tio n by th e re c o g n itio n o f a name lo n g a n te r io r to Lucapina o r Fissuridea. G ra y in th e Lon do n M ed ica l R epo s ito ry , vo l. x v , p. 233, M a rch 1, 1821, proposed Diodora fo r Patella apertura, M o n t. I t is a ckn o w ­ledged, w ith o u t a rg u m e n t, th a t Patella apertura w as based u pon th e im m a tu re stage o f th e B r it is h s h e ll kn o w n as Fissurella grceca. T h is nam e, th e n , is ava ila b le , and m u s t be used fo r the grceca a ff in ity . T he la w s g o ve rn in g zoo log ica l nom encla tu re are d e fin ite on th is p o in t, and th e su b je c t re q u ire s no discussion. I t is obvious th a t th is d e ta il was s im p ly overlooked b y P ils b ry and D a li, as n e ith e r o f these w o rke rs w o u ld cons ide r any a rg u m e n t w ith rega rd to such a s im p le m a tte r .

T he co rre c t specific name o f th e B r it is h she ll m ay as w e ll be here discussed. T h o u g h ‘ grceca ’ was used in th e L is t , th is was aga inst th e conclusions o f m ost conc lio log ica l w r ite rs . T h e m a jo r ity have a ffirm e d th e d is t in c t io n betw een th e B r it is h she ll and th e M ed ite rranean one nam ed 1 grceca'. O w in g to con fus ion th e m a jo r ity o f w o rke rs on

3 3 2 PROCEEDINGS OF T U E MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

M e d ite rra n e a n she lls re je c t ‘ graca ’ a lto g e th e r. T he B r it is h she ll w as f ir s t nam ed “ P(atella) larva, reticulata ” b y Costa in th e B r i t . C onch., 1778, p . 14, p i. i , f ig . 3. T h is is one o f th e v e ry fe w tr in o m ia ls p resen t in Costa’s w o rk , and has been d ism issed as in d e te r­m in ab le . I f lie m ean t to use ‘ P . reticulata ’ , as w o u ld appear fro m h is In d e x , th e n h is name is antedated b y L in n e ’ s usage in th e S yst. N a t., 1 0 th ed., 1758, p . 784. T he same re m a rk app lies to Patella reticulata, used b y D onovan, N a t. H is t . B r i t . S he lls , v o l. i , p i. x x i , f ig . 3, circa 1800, w h ic h has been o ften u t iliz e d .

W e th e n a rr iv e a t Patella apertiira, M o n ta g u (T e s t. B r i t . , v o l. i i , p . 491 , p i. x i i i , f ig . 10, 1 8 0 3 : F a lm o u th ), w h ic h , fo u nd e d on an im m a tu re sh e ll, m us t come in to use .1 T he L a w s are v e ry c lea r reg a rd in g th is , and nobody requests a n y rev is io n .

H is s o k l l a , Gray.I n th e P roc. Z oo l. Soc., p . 159, N ovem ber, 1847, G ra y w ro te ,

“ Rissoella. ltissoa , sp. B ro w n . R issoa ? glaber, A ld e r .” Forbes and H a n le y (H is t . B r i t . M o l l. , v o l. i i i , p. 151, June , 1850) in tro d u ce d a genus Jeffreysiti as o f A ld e r M S . fo r th e above species and ano the r one. T he d e sc rip tio n is based upon th e firs t-n a m e d , w h ic h m us t be th e re fo re regarded as th e ty p e , and Jeffrey s i a, b e in g coequa l w ith and la te r th a n Rissoella, m u s t pass in to syn o n ym y . T h e usage o f th e fo rm e r has been co n tinued , as i t was u rged th a t no d e s c rip tio n o f Risxoella was o ffered p rev io u s to F orbes & H a n le y ’ s co rre c t p roposa l o f Jeffreysia. T h is a rg u m e n t, o f course, does n o t h o ld good a t a ll, b u t i t s basis is sha tte red b y th e fa c t th a t G ra y in th e F ig . M o ll. A n iin . , v o l. i i , p . 86, had p ro v id e d a co rre c t d iagnosis, and th is had appeared in F e b ru a ry -M a rc h , 1850, th a t is , th re e m on th s p r io r to Forbes & H a n le y ’ s in tro d u c tio n .

A c m ea , H a rtm a n n .I n th e N eue A lp in a , B d . i , p p . 2 0 4 -1 2 , 1821, H a rtm a n n proposed

a genus Acmea , w i th f u l l d iagnosis, species described, and figu re s g ive n . Such a p roposa l can n o t be igno red , y e t such seems to have been th e fa te o f th is name. I select as ty p e o f th e genus th e species Acmea truncata, and th e re b y f ix th e name fo r a c tiv e use. T h is w i l l mean th a t Acmea w i l l rep lace Truncatella, I lis s o , 1826. T h e m u rm u r a g a in s t th e d ism issa l o f Truncatella m ay be lessened w hen i t is e x p la in e d th a t th ree pages p r io r to h is p roposa l o f h is nam e Ilis s o had in tro d u ce d th e genus Fidelis, and u n d e r a l l th e la w s th is name w o u ld also succeed a g a in s t Truncatella. I w o u ld accept subcylindrica, L in n e (H e lix s., S yst. N a t., 12 th ed., 1766, p . 1248) fo r th e species nam e, as used b y F re n c h m alaco log is ts , and, as e x p la in e d b y H a n le y , th is name is con firm ed b y th e sh e ll in th e L in n e a n c a b in e t : truncata, M on ta g u , is a lso tw ic e in v a lid , b e in g preceded b y subtruncata (T e s t. B r i t . , v o l. i , p . 300 , 1803).

1 I see D a li (loc. c it.) writes “ apertura, Montagu (not Born) ” , but th is appears to be a slip, fo llow ing Gray, 1847, who quotes Patella apertura, Born.I cannot find such a name in Born ’s works, nor does Sherborn record i t in the Index Animalium.

i r e d a l e : o n n a m e s o f B r i t i s h m a r i n e m o l l u s c a . 3 3 3

T r i v i a j o n e n s i s (P e n n an t).

I n th e L is t T riv ia ear op tea (M o n ta g u ) is used. Ite c e n t w r ite rs have a d m itte d Trivia arctica (P u lte n e y ) to be m ore co rre c t, on the score o f p r io r i t y . I w o u ld o n ly c ite one, S haw (P roc . M a lac . Soc., v o l. i i i , p . 309 , J u ly , 1909), w ho has discussed th e m a tte r d u r in g a re v ie w o f th e species o f Trivia and C ypraa. P u lte n e y ’ s name appeared in a C at. B ird s , She lls, e tc ., D o rse t, p u b lish e d in 1799, on p . 39, e x S o lander M S . T h is w o rk has on th e t it le -p a g e , “ P r in te d fo r th e use o f th e C o m p ile r and h is fr ie n d s ,” and o th e rw ise p u rp o rts to be a p a r t o f H u tc h in s ’ H is to ry o f D o rse tsh ire , and is so q uo ted b y Forbes & H a n le y . I t is w e ll-k n o w n th a t w i t h th e second e d itio n o f H u tc h in s ’ H is t . D o rse t, an amended e d itio n o f P u lte n e y ’s w o rk , p repared b y lta c k e t t , was p u b lish e d . I now sta te th a t, acco rd ing to m y resu lts , P u lte n e y ’ s C ata logue was not p u b lish e d as a p a r t o f H u tc h in s ’ H is to r y o f D o rse t, b u t o n ly appeared in th e guise, above no ted , as a separate L is t . P r io r to P u lte n e y ’ s p roposa l o f C. arctica , Costa ( B r i t . Conch., 1778, p. 33, p i. i i , f ig . 6 6 ) lia d fig u re d and described th e B r it is h she ll, and, d o u b tin g its re ference to th e L in n e an Cyprcea pediculus, had designated i t ( C ypraa) pediculus seu monacha. A s i t tu rn e d o u t to be d if fe re n t from pediculus th e a lte rn a tiv e name proposed b y Costa m u s t be recogn ized .

H o w e v e r, p re v io u s ly to Costa, P e n n a n t ( B r i t . Z oo l., 2nd 8vo ed., vo l. iv , p . 117, p i. lx x i , f ig . 8, 1777) bad described Voluta jonensis, fromI . o f Jona. L a s k e y (M e m . W e rn . Soc., v o l. i , p. 395 , 1811) has observed under th e name Ci/praia europaia, M ., “ B a th e r p le n t i fu l a t D u n b a r, and to be m e t w i th s p a rin g ly on m ost p a rts o f th e coast. W ith a l l th e va rie tie s w e are h appy to fin d M r. M o n ta g u is o f th e same o p in io n in respect to th is sh e ll and th e f r y as ourselves. B y th is means Ci/praa arctica, C ypraa bullala, B u lla diaphana, and, in fa c t, Voluta Jonensis o f P e n n a n t shou ld be a l l erased fro m th e B r it is h ca ta logue as species, and arctica shou ld a lone stand, as th e v a r ie ty w ith o u t spots o f E uropaa. N .H .— A specim en o f Voluta Jonensis is n o w in m y cab ine t from th e P o rtla n d C o lle c tio n : and i t is w e ll k n o w n P e n n a n t fig u re d h is she ll fro m th is co lle c tio n .” Such an account, b e in g in accordance w ith th e k n o w n fac ts , demands the re c o g n it io n o f P e n n a n t’ s name.

C o m a r m o n d i a , M onte rosato .

T he va lu e o f th e d iv is io n s in th e fa m ily T u rrid se are n o t y e t f ixe d . I n th e L is t , Bcllardiella, F ische r, is g iven generic ra n k , w h ile D a li ( B u l l . M us. Com p. Zoo l. H a rv ., v o l. x l i i i , p . 242, 1908) regarded i t as a sub-genus o n ly . W h ich e ve r i t is, th e name is in v a lid , fo r p rev io u s to F is c h e r’ s p u b lic a tio n (M a n . de Conch., p p . 5 9 3 -4 , D ecem ber 20, 1883) T appa rone -C ane fri (A n n . M us. G enova, v o l. x ix , p . 265 , ante J u ly 11, 1883) had a p p ro p ria te d th e name.

Comarmondia was proposed s im u ltan e o u s ly b y M on te rosa to (N om en gen. e spec. Conch. M e d it . , 1884, p. 135) fo r th e same sh e ll, th e a u th o r be ing necessarily ig n o ra n t o f F 'ischer’ s action .

3 3 4 PROCEEDINGS OF T H E M A LACO LOGICAL SOCIETY.

E k a t o v o l u t a (M o n ta g u ).

T h is sh e ll is m ore com m o n ly k n o w n as Erato Ice vis, D onovan (N a t. H is t . B r i t . S he lls , v o l. v, p i. c lx v ( Voluta) , 1 8 0 4 : W e y m o u th ). As fa r as I can y e t ascerta in , th is vo lum e d id n o t appear u n t i l a f te r the p u b lic a tio n o f M o n ta g u ’ s Test. B r i t . I t m a y bo th a t D onovan ’ s name has re a lly p r io r i t y o f p u b lic a tio n , b u t u n t i l th is can be a c tu a lly p roved we m us t a d m it M o n ta g u ’ s name. M a n y names depend upon th e fac ts , and a t th e p resen t t im e a ll D onovan’ s names p u b lish e d in th e f i f t h vo lum e are ra n ke d as la te r th a n M o n ta g u ’ s. I n the present ins tance M o n ta g u ’ s name has been re jec ted , as i t has been c ite d as B u lla voluta, and th e re is a p r io r B ulla voluta, G m e lin (S y s t. N a t., p. 3433, 1791). I t is th u s q uo ted in Forbes & H a n le y ’ s H is t . B r i t . M o ll. , v o l. i i i , p . 502.

M on ta g u , how ever, ca lled i t Cyprcca voluta (T e s t. B r i t . , p t . i, p. 203, p i. v i, fig . 7 .7 , 1803 : Salcom b B a y ), and th is name is v a lid and m ust be preserved.

F a m ily C E R IT H I I D iE .

U n d e r th is name appear th e genera Cerithium, B ittiu m , T r i f or it, Newtoniella, Cerithiopsis, and Lceocochlis. I am unab le to de fend th is association, and I th in k th a t n o t o n ly is th o fa m ily heterogeneous, b u t th e genera are also p o ly p h y le tic . T h e s h e ll classed under Cerithium is q u ite u n lik e th e ty p e o f th e genus, w h e th e r we accept L a m a rc k ’ s se lec tion o r n o t. F o r th e species described b y Je ffre ys as Cerithium procerum (A n n . M ag. N a t. l l i s t . , ser. iv , v o l. x ix , p . 322, A p r i l 1, 1877 : V a lo rous, S ta tio n 12) I propose th e n e w genus name

C h a s t e e i a , n . g .

C i i a s t e ui a d a n i e l s e n i (Friele).T h is w i l l be th e name fo r Cerithittm procerum, Je ffre ys , as t h i r t y

odd years be fore K ie n e r , Coq. V iv . Cerithium, p. 22 , p i. x v i i i , figs . 1 -1« , 1 8 4 1 -2 , had selected th a t name fo r a d if fe re n t sh e ll. I n th e N y t . M ag. N a tu rv id . (C h r is t .) , v o l. x x i i i , p i. i i i , p . 3, 1 8 7 6 -7 , F r ie le had described th e same sh e ll as C erithium danielseni. I have n o t y e t ascerta ined th e exac t dates, b u t I be lieve th a t F r ie le ’s name has also p r io r i t y , an advantage w h ic h is n o t n o w necessary.

E c m e t a a k c t i c a (M o rc h ).

T h is w o u ld appear to bo th e co rre c t name fo r th e sh e ll lis te d as Cerithiopsis costulata, M o lle r . I n th e In d e x M o ll. G rcon l., 1842, p . 10, M o lle r proposed Turritella (?) costulata from G reen land . I n th e V id e n sk . M ed . N a t. F o rh . (K jo b e n .) , 1868, p. 208, M o rch in tro d u ce d Eum eta as a sub-genus o f Cerithium fo r th is species, h a v in g p re v io u s ly changed th e specific name as above. T h is a lte ra tio n has re ce n tly been re jec te d , as i t was argued th e species was n o t a tru e Cerithium. I w o u ld p o in t o u t, how ever, th a t M ig lu ‘ ls & A dam s proposed in J a n u a ry , 1842, a Turritella costulata (B os t. J o u rn . N a t. H is t . , v o l. iv , p i. i , p . 5 0 ), and th is name in va lid a te s H o l le r ’ s se lection . I n B r i t . C onch., vo l. iv , p. 273 , 1867, Je ffre ys w ro te : “ M o rch changed th e name g ive n b y th e d iscovere r to Cerithium arcticum, because th e la t te r had

IRED A LE : ON NAMES OF B RITIS H M ARIN E MOLI.USCA. 3 3 5

described th e sh e ll as T urr ite lla ? costulata, i t n o t b e in g L a m a rc k ’s n o r R isso’ s so-called species. B u t th e p resen t species is n o t a Turritella (as, indeed, M o lle r suspected) : and th e reason assigned b y M o rch is , the re fo re , in s u ffic ie n t. I described th e fo ss il sh e ll as Cerithiopsis nivea , and S. P . W o o d w a rd proposed to name th e recen t one Cerithium N aiadis . ” T h is passage m ig h t be c ite d as a p e rfe c t exam p le o f h o w not to m ake concho log ica l lite ra tu re . T h e re is no t a s in g le reference g ive n , and th e a tte m p te d recove ry o f such has e n ta ile d so m uch la b o u r th a t I he re record m y resu lts as an a id to fu tu re in ve s tig a to rs . M o rch changed th e name in l t in k ’ s G ren land , B and i i , N a t. B id r . , p . 82 , 1857, because he tran s fe rre d th e species to Cerithium, acco rd ing to some w r ite rs . I have been unab le to f in d Turritella costulata in L a m a rc k ’ s w r it in g s , n o r does R isso g iv e such a species as fa r as I can d iscover. N o reason was assigned b y M o rch , h is w o rds be ing “ Cerithium arcticum, nob. T urrite lla? costulata, M o ll. nec. L a m . nec. R isso Such an e n try suggests w h a t Je ffreys w ro te , b u t i t was h is d u ty to v e r i fy th e fac ts before endors ing th e s ta tem en t. I n th e A n n . M ag . N a t. H is t . , ser. h i , v o l. i i i , p. 53, p i. i i i , figs. 17«, b, Ja n u a ry , 1859, Je ffre ys described C(erithiopsis) nivea fro m th e T u rb o t B a n k , B e lfa s t B ay, w i th no in t im a t io n th a t i t m ig h t be foss il. I n th e same p lace he recorded C(erithiopsis) naiadis fro m Z e tla n d as “ M r. W o o d w a rd has u n d e rta ke n to describe i t , w ith o th e r N o rw e g ia n she lls , in th e ‘ A n n a ls ’ ” . I have searched th is and e ve ry o th e r source I can th in k of, and have been com pe lled to con­c lude th a t th e las t-nam ed has never been described and is s t i l l a nomen nudum. I n th e B r it is h M useum th e re is a sh e ll, presented b y I t . M c A n d re w , lab e lle d in h is h a n d w r it in g “ C. naiadis, W o o d ­w a rd M SS. F in m a rk , I t . M e.”

G r a p h i s , Je ffreys .

Cioniscus, Je ffreys , m u s t be abandoned in fa vo u r o f th is nam e. Graphis was proposed ( B r i t . Conch., v o l. iv , p. 102, 1867) fo r unica, M o n t. == albidus, ‘ G . A dam s.’ I n th e n e x t vo lum e , p . 210 , 1869, Je ffre ys rep laced Graphis b y Cioniscus, as he had no ted th a t Graphis was preoccup ied in B o ta n y . B o ta n ica l names do n o t n o w concern us, and I do n o t f in d th a t Graphis was a n te r io r ly used in Z oo logy , so th a t w e m us t re v e r t to Je ffre ys ’ f ir s t n o m in a tio n .

B i s s o i d N a m e s .

I am n o w engaged upon these, and I f in d th a t th e re is g rea t con fus ion . So fa r I no te th e fo l lo w in g cannot be m a in ta in e d : Rissoa albella, Lo ve n , A lvan ia reticulata (M o n ta g u ), Manzonia costata (J . A dam s), Onoba striata (J . A dam s), Barleeia rubra (M o n ta g u ), and p ro b a b ly Galeodina carinata (Costa).

F a m ily P Y R A M ID E L L ID iE .

I n th e L is t tw e lv e generic groups are a d m itte d . D a li & B a rtsch issued as U .S . N a t. M us. B u lle t in , No. 68, D ecem ber 13, 1909, a M onog raph o f W e s t A m erican P y ra m id e llid M o llu s k s , and th e re in gave a S ynopsis o f th e Genera, Sub-genera, and Sections. F o llo w in g

3 3 6 PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

a policy I cannot endorse, they recognized three generic groups in place of the twelve mentioned above, b u t regarded as sub-genera practically all the above and some additional ones. I t is quite impossible to criticize thoroughly the treatm ent, bu t I cannot, from my studies in Antipodean molluscs, agree w ith the groups provided in the above-named Monograph. I t would be useful simply to correlate the Monograph ideas and tlie L ist associations, bu t i t m ust be remembered this is only a superficial resume. I hope to thoroughly study the group a t a later date.

Though the associations seen in the L ist may, and do, need readjustm ent, the method utilized of expressing the facts is preferable to th a t of the Monograph. I w ill only deal here w ith nomenclatural matters, and will la ter discuss the relationships.

I propose th is name fo r Turbonilla clavula, L o ve n (O fve rs . Iv . Y e t. A k a d . F o rh ., S tockho lm , 1846 (J a n u a ry 14), p. 49 , p i. i, f ig . 7 : N o rw a y ) . I n th e M o ll. lte g . A rc t . N o rveg ., N ovem ber, 1878, p . 205, G . 0 . Sars in tro d u c e d Liostomia fo r tw o species— eburnea, S tim pson , and clavula, Lo ve n . I n th e N om en. gen. e spec. Conch. M e d it., 1884, p . 95, M on te rosa to se lected th e ty p e as T. clavula, L o ve n . I n th e M onograph, a p p a re n tly n o t re co g n iz in g th is , th e ty p e is c ited as eburnea, S tim pson . A s fa r as I kn o w , D a li & B a rtsch f ir s t made th is se lection in th e P roc. B io l. Soc. W ash ., v o l. x v i i , p . 13, F e b ru a ry 5, 1901, b u t th a t w as tw e n ty years to o la te . I n th e T re a t. M a lac ., 1840, p. 328, S w ainson had em p loyed Sars’ se lec tion u n d e r th e s p e llin g Leiostoma, so th a t I n o w m ake re c t if ic a t io n as above.

I propose th e above fo r Brachi/stomia, M on te rosato , N om en. gen. e spec. C onch. M e d it . , 1884, p. 94, in tro d u ce d w ith rissoides, H a n le y , as th e ty p ic a l species. I n th e L is t th is is g ive n generic ra n k , w i t h s ix species, and Doliella, M onte rosato , B u l l . Soc. M alac. I t a l . , vo l. v i,

L i s t N a m e s . D . & B . M o n o g r a p h .

Odostomia. Odostomia, s.s.sp. (conoidea).

Jordanula. Liostomia. Brachystomia.

Subg. Ondina.Subg. Jordaniella. Subg. Liostomia.Sect. of Odostomia, s.s. Subg. Doliella.Subg. Evalea.Subg. Oda.Subg. Pyrgulina.

Subg. Doliella. Ondina.Oda.Pyrgulina.

sp. (interstincta). Subg. Parthenina. Turbonilla, subg. Tragula. Odostoviia, subg. Spiralinella.

sp. (fenestrata). Spiralinella. Miralda. Pyrgostelis.

sp. (scalaris). Turbonilla. Eulimella.

, Miralda.

1) I) i JJ / (J O o C llL lib »

Turbonilla, s.s.Pyramidella, subg. Eulimella.

, Pyrgisculus.

CliKMULA, n.g.

Z a s t o m a , nom. nov.

p . 73, 1880, proposed fo r 0 . nitens, Je ffre ys , is added as a sub-genus fo r i ts ty p e species alone. Doliella has th u s p r io r i ty , b u t D a l i and B a rtsch separate these, m a k in g Doliella a sub-genus, and a d m it t in g Brachystomia as a section o n ly o f Odostomia, s .s tr. W h a te ve r th e u lt im a te sta tus, th e name m us t be changed on account o f th e p r io r B rachy stoma o f m any a u tho rs and even in M o lluscs o f G ardner, G eol. M ag ., ser. in , v o l. i i i , p. 160, 1876.

In th e L is t appear Brachystomia rissoides (H a n le y ) and B . ambigua (S la to n & l la c k e t t ) = pallida. I n th e f ir s t case, as a v a r ie ta l name, is c ite d nitida, A ld e r .

Odostomia rissoides was proposed b y H a n le y in th e P roc. Z oo l. Soc., 1844, p. 18, w h ic h appeared in J u ly , w h ile 0 . n itida was in tro d u ce d b y A ld e r in th e A n n . M ag. N a t. H is t . , v o l. x i i i , p . 326, p i. v i i i , f ig . 5, on M a y 1, 1844, and th e la t te r has th e re fo re a b so lu te ly p r io r ity .

M a to n & l la c k e t t proposed Valuta ambigua (T ra ns . L in n . Soc., v o l. v i i i , p. 132, 1807) as a new nam e fo r Turbo pallidus, M o n ta g u , T es t. B r i t . , p t . i i , p. 325, 1803, and w hen i t is acknow ledged th a t th e la t te r is in d e te rm in a b le , th e fo rm e r m u s t also be so classed. I n L a F e u ille des jeunes N a t., ser. v, N o . 493, J a n u a ry 1, 1912, M a r te l discussed T. pallidus, M on ta g u , and concluded th a t, in v ie w o f th e d iverse a tte m p ts a t id e n tif ic a tio n and th e facts c ited , i t m u s t be regarded a b so lu te ly as in d e te rm in a b le . A s a s u b s titu te he advocated eulimoidcs, H a n le y , w h ic h was proposed a t th e same t im e and place as rissoides. H e discussed th is la t te r , and re lega ted i t to v a rie ta l ra n k o n ly u n d e r eulimoides. H e d id n o t concern h im s e lf w ith nitida, A ld e r , so th a t h is n o m in a tio n m u s t be reconsidered, even i f h is facts be accura te . H o w e v e r, Forbes & H a n le y (H is t . B r i t . M o l l. , v o l. i i i , p 284 , 1853) c ite Odostomia scalar is, M a c g il l iv ra y (H is t . M o ll. , Aberdeen , p . 154, 1843) as a synonym o f 0 . rissoides, H a n le y . T h is name is even e a r lie r th a n nitida, A ld e r , and its c la im m u s t be in v e s tig a te d . Je ffre y s ig no red i t , as he lu m p e d th e m a jo r ity o f the P y ra m id e llo id she lls u n d e r Odostomia, and consequen tly P h i l ip p i ’ s M elania scalaris (E n u m . M o ll. S ic i l. , vo l. i, p. 157, p l . i x , f ig . 9, 1836) w as e a rlie r . T he la t te r species, how ever, is th e ty p e o f Pyrgisculus, w h ic h , i f n o t a d m itte d as a v a lid genus, is ranked u n d e r Turbonilla. A p p a re n tly scalaris w o u ld rep lace rissoides, and eulimoides come in to use fo r ambigua.

B c r k i l l i a , n . g .

I in tro d u ce th is name fo r Odostomia fenestrata, Je ffre ys (A n n . S lag. N a t. H is t . , ser. ii, v o l. i i , p. 345 , N ovem ber, 1848 (ex F orbes M S .) : D a r tm o u th ). T h is species is in c lu d e d in th e L is t under P yrgu lina , w h ic h is o b v io u s ly an u n happy lo ca tio n . D a li & B a rtsch place i t u n d e r Turbonilla, g iv in g i t subgeneric ra n k u n d e r th e name Tragula, w h ic h M on te rosa to (N o n ien . gen. e spec. C onch. M e d it . , 1884 , p. 86 ) p ro v id e d fo r i t a lone. T h a t name cannot, how ever, be m a in ta in e d , as th e re is a p r io r Tragulus, B risson , K e g . A n im ., 1762 , p. 6 5 .

E v a l e a , A . Adams.D a li & B a rtsch rep lace Ondina, F o lin , b y th e above name, w h ic h

w as proposed as a sub-genus o f Odostumia (A n n . M ag. N a t. H is t . ,

i r e d a l e : o n n a m e s o f B r i t i s h m a r i n e m o l l u s c a . 3 3 7

3 3 8 PROCEEDINGS OF THK MALACOLOGICAL SO C IE T r.

ser. in , vo l. v i , p . 22, J u ly , 1860) fo r a p p a re n tly th e same g ro u p . I b e lieve D a l i & B a rtsch in th is case are r ig h t , b u t as a no the r synonym (p . 192) th e y c ite “ Ptychostomon, L o ca rti, P rod , les M o ll. F rance , 1886, p. 228. T y p e Turbo conoideus, B ro c c h i” . I n th is th e y are w ro ng as, th o u g h L oca rd proposed Ptychostomon w ith o u t d e s ig n a tin g a ty p o , he used i t g e n e ra lly fo r th e sm ooth Odostomia, w h ic h name is m iss ing . U pon reference to p. 571, L o ca rd e xp la in e d th a t Ptychostomon was proposed as a n e w name fo r Odostomia, F le m in g , 1819, on g rounds o f p u rism . T h e ty p e o f Ptychostomon is, then , Turbo plicatus, M on tagu .

K o b e lt has used L o ca rd ’ s em endation , d is re g a rd in g a l l la w s o f nom enc la tu re , th e fa m ily name becom ing P ty c h o s to m id * . M an y years p re v io u s ly , ho w e ve r, a genera l s u b s titu te fo r Odostomia had been proposed b y C la rk (Je ffre ys , B r i t . Conch., v o l. iv , p. 109, 1867), v iz . Monoptaxis, and th is w o u ld have been ava ila b le , th o u g h poss ib ly p u ris ts m ig h t m ake c o m p la in t a g a in s t th is even. I t is a lso as w e ll to reco rd th a t L o ca rd , in h is choice o f a nam e, had been lo n g a n tic ip a te d b y Ptychostomum, S te in , S itz u n g . B o h m . Ges. W iss ., v o l. l x i , 1860.

P v r g i s c u l u s , M onterosato .

T h is name w o u ld rep lace Pyryostelis, M onterosato (N om en . gen. e spec. C ouch. Med it . , 1884, p. 8 9 ), w h ic h had as ty p e Mel. ru/a, P h il ip p i, regarded in th e L is t as a va r. o f interrupta, T o tte n , as i t was proposed in th e same place, on th e p rev io u s page, fo r scalaris, P h il ip p i, w h ic h is he re classed w ith i t . D a li & B a rtsch , how ever, do n o t consider these tw o shou ld be placed in th e same sub-genus, b u t a d m it tw o d if fe re n t sub-genera fo r th e m , Pyrgiscus and Pyrgisculus, p la c in g them u n d e r Turbonilla.

Pyrgiscus was in tro d u ce d b y P h i l ip p i in th e A rc h iv f i i r N a t. (W ie g m .) 1841, p . 50, a p p a re n tly as a s u b s titu te fo r Turbonilla, Risso, b u t D a li & B a rtsch have used as ty p e o f th is th e species ru/a, and consequen tly , i f th e ir ac tio n be co rrec t, Pyrgostelis, M onte rosa to , is an abso lu te synonym o f Pyrgiscus.

N o e m i a m e a .

Oda was proposed b y C haster (Jo u rn . Conch., v o l. x , p. 8, Ja n u a ry , 1901), on M on te rosa to ’ s suggestion, to rep lace Noemia, D e F o lin , “ as th is name is p reoccup ied in th e co leop te ra ,” c it in g Odostomia dolioliformis, Je ffreys , in th is connex ion . I t is accepted as a sub ­genus o f Odostomia b y D a li & B artsch , w h ile Noemia and Noemiamea are in c lu d e d in th e syn o n ym y o f Chrysallida, C a rpen te r, th e typ e be ing g iven o f Noemia as Noemia angusta, De F o lin .

I have a lrea d y in d ica te d e rro rs in connexion w ith D a li & B a rtsch ’s q u o ta tio n s ex Les Fonds de la Mer. M r . A le x R e y n e ll has le n t me a n u m b e r o f pa rts o f th e f ir s t vo lum e o f Les Funds de la Mer, and fro m th e m I f in d th a t th is jo u rn a l came o u t in liv ra is o n s in th e o rd e r th e y appear acco rd ing to p a g in a tio n . C onsequen tly th e name Noemia depends upon its f ir s t in tro d u c t io n , w h ic h was in connex ion w ith th e species Noemia valida (F o lin , Fotids de la Mer, v o l. i i , p . 63, p i . i i ,

IU E D A I.E : ON NAMES OP B R ITISH M ARIN E MOLLUSCA. 3 3 9

f ig . 6 , 1872 : G ig o n ). T he typ e o f Nocmia then , b y rao n o typ y , is th is species, w h ic h has been recognized as doliolifonnis, Je ffre ys . T h is was fix e d b y M on te rosa to (N a t. S ic i l. , v o l. iv , p. 85, J a n u a ry , 1885) as ty p e o f Noemia, D e F o lin , 1870. I n 1870 D e F o lin o n ly gave a c rude and in d e te rm in a te d iagnosis o f th e genus Noemia, and th e f ir s t species associated w i t l i i t a fte rw a rd s was valida. I n 1886 Noemiamea was proposed (Z o o l. R ecord, 1885, p. 94, 1886) to rep lace Noemia, as th a t name was seen to be preoccup ied . N o ty p e was nam ed, and th e re fo re th e name m us t fo llo w M onterosato ’s des igna tion , as w e ll as m o n o typ y . M onterosato , w hen he advised C haste r to propose Oda, s im p ly ove rlooked th e fa c t th a t th e a lte ra tio n had been made.

T h e ty p e , c ite d b y D a li & B a rtsc li, a t th e ir q u o ta tio n , is o n ly a nude nam e, and cannot be u t iliz e d . C onsequen tly Noemiamea m us t rep lace Oda, and Noemia be c ite d as a synonym .

E u u m e l l a m a c a n d r e w i (F o rbes).

E ulim ella was f ir s t in tro d u c e d b y Je ffreys (A n n . M ag . N a t. H is t . , v o l. x ix , p . 311, M a y , 1847), e x Forbes M S ., fo r E ulim a macandrewi, F orbes (A n n . M ag . N a t. H is t . , v o l. x iv , p. 412, p i. x , f ig . 2, D ecem ber, 1844 : Loch F y n e ). I w o u ld accept th e name g ive n to th e B r i t is h sh e ll, as i t seems d o u b tfu l th a t i t is Melania scillec, Scacchi, 1836, w h ic h , m oreover, accord ing to M onterosato (N a t. S ic i l. , v o l. iv , p . 203, M a y 1, 1885), is Turritella pyram idata, Deshayes, 1 8 3 2 ; th is name I have n o t y e t been able to trace.

D a l l& B a rtsch m ake Eulitnella a sub-genus o f Pyram idella, w r i t in g , “ C o lu m e lla r fo lds tw o .” T h e a u th o r (F o rbe s ) w ro te , “ C o lu m e lla n o t p lic a te d , s tra ig h t o r n e a rly so,” and th is appears to have been the o p in io n o f e ve ry w r ite r , save D a l i & B a rtsch , th a t I have consu lted .

D o n o v a n i a b r u n n e a (D onovan ).

I t has been q u ite com m on ly recogn ized th a t Buccinum m inim um , M o n ta g u (T e s t. B r i t . , p t. i , p. 247 , p i. v i i i , f ig . 2, 1 8 0 3 : S outh D e vo n ) was p reoccup ied b y Buccinum m inim um , T u r to n (G en. S ys t. N a t., v o l. iv , p . 387, 1802), b u t th e necessary a lte ra tio n has neve r been made as above. Buccinum brunneum was described and fig u re d b y D onovan, N a t. H is t . B r i t . S he lls , vo l. v , p i. c lx x ix , f ig . 2, 1804, f ro m C o rn w a ll.

C otus, B o lte n .

I n th e M us. B o lte n , 1798, p. 117, B o lte n in tro d u ce d a genus Colus. D a li, in th e Jo u rn . C onch., vo l. x i , p. 294, A p r i l , 1906, designated as ty p e o f th is genus M urex islandicus, G m e lin , and consequen tly th is name m u s t come in to use in p lace o f Tritonofusus, B eck, as used in th e L is t . A s re c e n tly as 1911 (P ro c . M a lac . Soc., v o l. ix , p . 339 ) Sykes used Sip/io su b g e n e rica llv fo r h is g roup . T h is nam e cannot be defended b y anyone, n o r can th e re fe rence to C h e m n itz , v o l. iv , fo r th e specific name.

TRoscnELiA, Morch.T h is name was in tro d u c e d b y M o rc h in th e J o u rn . de Conch.,

v o l. x x iv , p. 376, 1876, fo r Fusus berniciensis, K in g , and shou ld

3 4 0 PROCEEDINGS OF T H E MALACOLOGICAL SO C IE T r.

come in to use fo r th a t species, v ice Buccinofusus, Conrad. D a li (U .S . Geol. S u rve y , P ro f. Paper, N o . 59, 1909, pp . 3 6 -9 ) has s ta ted, fro m a s tu d y o f C onrad ’ s species, th a t th e y are n o t congeneric w ith th e B r i t is h she ll.

C ru c iiN iN A str ig e li.a (L o v e n ) .

I n th e L is t Tornatina umbilicala, M o n ta g u , is in c lu d e d . I have a lre a d y show n th a t Tornatina cannot be m a in ta in e d , and I now record th a t B ulla umbilicata, M on ta g u (T e s t. B r i t . , vo l. i , p . ‘222, p i. v i i , f ig . 4, 1 8 0 3 : F a lm o u th ) is an teda ted b y B ulla umbilicala, B o lte n (M u s . B o lte n , 1798, p. 15). A s a v a r ie ty is classed Cylichna strigella, L o ve n (O fve rs . K . V e t. A k . F o rh . (S to c k h .), M a y , 1846, v o l. i i i , p. 1 4 2 : B o h .) , and th is w i l l now become th e species name.

M useum s n i g e r (G ra y ) .

T h is name w i l l rep lace Modiolaria discrepant (L e a c h ). Leach s im p ly m ade use o f th is specific nam e as o f M o n ta g u , and w h e n i t is a d m itte d th e usage w as d if fe re n t Leach ’ s name becomes in v a lid . G ra y in th e V o y . N . W . Pass, b y P a rry , A p p . p. c c x liv , 1821, p ro v id e d Modiola niqra as a new name fo r “ discrepans, M o n t., p i. x x v i , f ig . 4 ” .

I oasola, nom . nov.

T h is nam e is p ro v id e d fo r Idas, Je ffre ys , A n n . M a g . N a t. H is t . , ser. iv , v o l. x v i i i , p. 428 , N ovem ber 1, 1876, w h ic h was a n tic ip a te d b y Idas , M u lsa n t, A n n . Soc. L in n . (L y o n ) , n . s . , v o l. x x i i , p . 223 , 1875.

B uocktonia , n .g .I propose th is name fo r C ryptaxis crebripunctalm , Je ffre ys , P roc.

Z oo l. Soc., 1883, p. 398, p i. x l iv , figs. 11 a - c : be tw een H e b rides and Faeroes. T h is she ll does n o t re a lly fa l l in to C ryptaxis, Je ffre ys , 1883, w h ic h is m oreover in v a lid , and fo r w h ich Cossinann (Essais l ’ aleoconch. com p., i , p . 90 , F e b ru a ry , 1895) has p ro v id e d th e s u b s t itu te Clistaxis.

lluOMBOIDEr.LA PRIDEAUX (L e a ch ).I n th e L is t appears Crenella rhombea (B e rk e le y ) , based on Modiola

rhoinbea, B e rke le y , Z oo l. J o u rn ., v o l. i i i , p . 229 , sup p l. p i. x v i i i , f ig . 1, Septem ber, 1827 : W e ym ou th . I t is acknow ledged th a t th is is th e same sh e ll as Modiola prideaux, Leach (Z o o l. M is c ., v o l. i i , p. 35, 1815 : M ilto n , D e von ), b u t th is name was re jec ted as u n fig u re d . T h is is no v a lid reason, b u t I m ig h t p o in t o u t th a t B ro w n (U lu s . Conch. G t. B r i t . , p i. x x ix , f ig . 9 ) f ig u re d Leach ’s species th e same ye a r (1 8 2 7 ) as B e rk e le y described h is sh e ll. I f Crenella, B ro w n (.U lus. Conch. G t. B r i t . , 1827, p i. x x x i ) , p ro v id e d fo r C. elliptiea, figs . 1 2 -1 4 ( = M y tilm decussatus, M on ta g u , Test. B r i t . S u p p l., p . 69, 1808 : S co ttish coast), be regarded as a d is t in c t genus fro m Musculus, th e n th e present species shou ld also be recogn ized u n d e r th e name Rhomboidella, p ro v id e d b y M onterosato (N om en . gen. e spec. Conch. M e d it . , 1884, p. 13) fo r th is s h e ll a lone. I n i ts s c u lp tu re i t w o u ld f a l l in to Crenella, b u t fro m its shape i t w o u ld be rega rded as a Musculus.

IR ED A LE : ON NAMES OF B R IT IS H M A RIN E MOLLÜSCA. 3 4 1

A ZO R CH AM A -80LEN (C osta).

T h is w o u ld appear to be th e co rre c t name fo r th e s h e ll k n o w n as Solecurtus antiquatus (P u lte n e y ) . P u lte n e y used i t as o f So lander, and I f in d th a t in th e M us . P o r t l. S o lander’ s name was p u b lish e d (p . 101, 1786), b u t p r io r to th is da te Costa had nam ed th e same she ll ( B r i t . Conch., 1778, p . 2 3 8 : W e ym o u th ), ( Solen) chama-solen. T h is spec ific name m u s t be preserved, and i t is n o t in a p p ro p r ia te w h e n i t is rem em bered th a t Chama, Costa, was n o t Chama, L in n é . Costa used i t fo r th e Gapers, and i f h is c la im th a t th e anc ien ts so used i t be co rrect, i t does seem in a c c u ra te ly to have been bestow ed b y L in n é on a genus o f she lls no ted fo r th e ir t ig h t ly closed h a b it.

T h e e a rlies t in tro d u c tio n o f A zo r seems to be b y B ro w n ( I l lu s . Conch. G t. B r i t . , 2nd ed., 1844, p . 113) fo r th is species a lone. T h is re lie ves th e d if f ic u lty no ted b y me in th is jo u rn a l (v o l. x , 1913, p . 3 0 3 ). A n a to m ic a l e xa m in a tio n has p roved th is species to d if fe r s u ff ic ie n tly fo r generic re co g n itio n from Solecurtus.

P a n o m y a a r c t i c a (L a m a rc k ).

T h is nam e w i l l rep lace Panopea nonegica, S peng le r, o f th e L is t . Panomya was proposed b y G ra y (F ig . M o ll. A n im ., vo l. v , p. 29, 1857) fo r th e species M ya norvegica, S peng le r (S k r iv . n a tu rh . Se lsk. C open., v o l. i i i , p t . i , p . 46 , p i. i i , f ig . 18, 1 7 9 3 : N o rw a y ) . T he re is, how eve r, a p r io r M g a norwegica, G m e lin , S yst. N u t., p. 3222, 1791, w h ic h appears in th e L is t as Lgonsia norvegica, C h e m n itz . G m e liu ’ s nam e depends upon C h e m n itz ’ s account g iv e n in th e Conch. Cab., v o l. x , p . 345, p i. 170, figs. 1 6 4 7 -8 , and is used as C h e m n itz was a n o n -b in o m ia l w r ite r . T he n e x t name g ive n to th e Panomya appears to be Glycymeris arctica, L a m a rc k (A n im . s. V e r t . , vo l. v , p. 458 , 18 1 9 : W h ite Sea). D a li (T ra n s . W agn . F re e In s t . S c i. P h ila d ., v o l. i i i , p. 832, 1898) has show n th e necessity o f u s in g Panomya g e n e r ic a lly , b u t l ie ove rlooked th e in v a l id i t y o f th e specific name, c a ll in g th e sh e ll Panomya norvegica (S p e n g le r).

O t i n a a u r i c u l a (T u r to n ) .

W h e n T u r to n (C onch. D ie t. B r i t . Is les , 1819, p . 70) described th is species u n d e r th e name H elix otis, fro m D evonsh ire , he added, “ W e have been in fo rm e d th a t i t was k n o w n to th e la te M r . M on ta g u , w h o had in te n de d to denom ina te i t I I . A uricu la ; b u t as th is name approaches too near to auricularia, w e have ca lle d i t Otis.”

I n m a k in g th is a lte ra tio n T u r to n selected a name used ove r t h i r t y years p re v io u s ly b y S o lander (M u s . P o r t l . , 1786, p . 38) fo r a d if fe re n t sh e ll. W e can th e n f a l l back upon th e a lte rn a tiv e nam e p u b lish e d in th e pa ra g ra ph above no ted . I have observed th a t L o c a rd (P rod . M a lac . F ra n ce , 1886, p. 88 ) in tro d u ce d Otina turton i as a new name fo r Otina otis (T u r to n ) , “ N om à changer p a r s u ite de p léonasm e.” B u t in a d d itio n to th e above, B ro w n had ca lled th e species Galericulum ovatum ( I l lu s . Conch. G t. B r i t . , 1827, p i. x x x v i i i , figs. 27, 28 ), and th e re is a v a r ie ta l nam e Candida, Je ffreys.

3 1 2 PROCEEDINGS OF T U E MALACOLOGICAL SOCIETY.

T h r a c i a v i l l o s i u s c d l a (M a c g il l iv ra y ) .

I n th e L is t appears Thracia frag ilis , P ennan t, b u t re fe rence to P e n n a n t shows th a t he o n ly in c lu d e d Tellina fra g ilis ( B r i t . Z oo l., 2nd 8 vo ed., vo l. iv , p. 86, 1777) as o f L in n é . H u t he m is id e n tif ie d L in n é ’ s Tellina frag ilis (S ys t. N a t., 1 0 th ed., p . 674 , 1758), w h ic h is in c lu d e d in th e B r i t is h L is t as Gastrana frag ilis . C onsequen tly P e n n a n t’s specific name has no v a lid ity , and we m u s t f a l l back upon A natina villosiuscula, M a c g il l iv ra y (E d in . N e w P h il. J o u rn ., v o l. i i , p . 370, p i. i, figs. 10, 11, M a rch , 1827 : I . o f H a r r is ) .

L u t b a r i a m a g n a (C osta).

Costa proposed a Chaîna magna (B r i t is h Conch., 1778, p. 230, p i. x v i i , tig . 4 ), and h is name lias been com m on ly re je c te d in fa vo u r o f th e la te r Mga oblonga, G m e lin , S ys t. N a t., p . 3221, 1791 (based so le ly on C h e m n itz , C onch. Cab., v o l. v i, p i. i i , t ig . 12, th e la t te r w r i te r b e in g n o n -b in o m ia l), th o u g h th e id e n t i ty o f th e tw o has never been questioned.

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