NOTES: CHAPTER 19 BLOOD (640-664)

1. What are the 5 functions of blood?

Transportation of dissolved gasses, nutrients, hormones, and metabolic wastes.

Regulation of pH and ion composition.

Restriction of fluid losses at injury site

Defense against toxins and pathogens

Stabilization of body temperature

2. What is plasma?

Blood = 55% plasma

Liquid part of blood

Mostly water Plasma proteins Has dissolved

nutrients and wastes

3. What are the formed elements of blood?

RBCs (red blood cells)- gas exchange

WBCs (white blood cells) – immune system

Platelet – enzymes and clotting

4. What happens during hemopoiesis?

Process of making formed elements of blood

5. List and describe the 3 classes of plasma proteins

Albumins: regulate osmotic pressure (diffusion at capillaries) and transport of fatty acids and hormones

Globulins: antibodies Fibrinogen: clotting

6. What effect does the biconcave disc shape of RBC have on its functions?

Larger surface area to volume ratio for O2 absorption/release

Form stacks that can flow smoothly through blood vessels

Can bend and flex through capillaries

7. What is the average life span of RBCs?

Life span = 120 days

Because there are no organelles after differentiation so it cannot make proteins to repair itself

8. What is hemoglobin?

The protein inside of blood that functions as transport mechanism for gases

Anemia = abnormal forms which interfere with O2 delivery

Fetal-binds O2 more readily

9. What is bilirubin?

RBCs get recycled Heme unit is recycled

and bilirubin is a byproduct that needs to be taken to liver to be excreted.

Jaundice- due to excess bilirubin in blood failure of liver Skin turns yellow

10. What is erythropoiesis? Where does it occur?

Erythropoiesis = RBC formation

Happens in the red bone marrow

11. What are leukocytes? How are they different from RBCs?

What is their function? Leukocytes = white

blood cells Difference = nuclei,

organelles, no hemoglobin

Function = defend body against pathogens, remove toxins, wastes and abnormal/damaged cells

12. Platelets

Platelets = thrombocytes Life span = 9-12 days Function = release chemicals

important in clotting, form temporary patch of damaged vessels after clot formation, produce filaments to shrink clot and reduce size of break