What do we know about blood?

Different blood types Transpor

ts gasses and

nutrients

Different types of blood cells

Travels thru

veins & arteries

Pumped by the heart

Can’t LIVE

without it

erythrocytesleukocytes

Erythrocytes (red blood cells)Red blood cells carry oxygen to body tissues and

remove carbon dioxide

They are red because they contain a protein called hemoglobin that is red in color

Red blood cells are round and thinner in the middle, like a balloon that is partly filled with water. This lets them squeeze through tiny blood vessels without breaking

Biconcave shape increases surface area to allow for more O2 to be carried

Do not have a nucleus

Are made from the red bone marrow

RBCs contain Hemoglobin

Protein that bonds with oxygen when in an oxygen rich environment

Releases oxygen when reaches tissues low in concentration of oxygen

For energy RBCs make ATP thru anaerobic processes so it doesn’t use the O2 it is transporting

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

Function as a defense system in the body

Fight and kills germs that enter the body

Much larger than red blood cells

Fewer WBCs than RBCs

Have a nucleus

Can slip into and out of the blood vessels

Leukocytes (white blood cells)

leukocyteThe leukocytes pass out through the capillary walls & into the infected tissue

They change shape to surround the germs. They produce enzymes to kill & digest them.

Leukocytes live for only a short time. Dead leukocytes, dead germs and liquid form pus in the infected area

Platelets

Helps with the clotting of blood

Produce tiny fibrin threads allowing them to stick together

This “web” traps blood cells that harden and form a scab or clot

Made in the red bone marrow

Platelets

Hemostasis Blood vessel injury

Vasoconstriction

Platelet plug

A lot of cool biochemistry!

Coagulation occurs

Blood clotting is a positive feedback mechanism and usually occurs within 3 – 6

minutes

Plasma

Pale liquid portion of the blood – 90% water

Acts as a solvent

Transports soluble food molecules

Transports waste products

Contains hormones, antibodies, electrolytes, and plasma proteins

Our blood is a fluid which links together all the parts & all the organs of the body. Its main functions include:

• Transport oxygen, waste products and hormones

• Regulate temperature, helping to reduce heat by taking blood to the body surface

• Balance acidity, reducing the effect of lactic acid (in sporting activities)

• Fight invaders

Blood Fun FactsThe average human has 5 litres of blood

It takes about 20 seconds for a red blood cell to circle the body

The only part of the body with no blood supply is the cornea, it take in O2 directly from the air

One cubic milimeter of healthy blood contains about 5 million red blood cells – this is the “blood count”

People who live in high altitudes will have a higher blood count because of the lower O2 levels

Athletes often train at high altitudes to improve distance race performance

BLOOD DOPING, done by some athletes, mimics this effect

What is blood doping?

Why would blood doping give an athlete an advantage?

Why is it difficult to test for blood doping?

Why is blood doping dangerous?

In your composition book create a table that lists the four major components of blood, describes their structure and lists their functions.

Refer to your book pages 340 to 347

Blood type refers to features of the person’s red blood cells called antigens

The ABO blood groups are the features most people know about

In this group, there are 4 different types of red blood cells -- A, B, AB, and O each are a different antigen

Type O is the most common (~45%); type AB is the least common (~4%)

Type O blood can be given to all blood types

What’s your Type?

Blood types are also grouped as to whether or not the RBC has the “D antigen”

AKA the Rh factor, the “D antigen” is named for the Rhesus monkey in which it was first discovered

People who have the “D antigen” are Rh positive.

People who lack the “D antigen” are Rh negative.

Most people are Rh positive

Rh negative blood can be transfused into either Rh type

What’s your Type?

O- is called the universal donor because it can be given to ALL blood types- explain

O+ 38%O- 7%A+ 34%A- 6%B+ 9%B- 2%AB+ 3%AB- 1%

Why can’t someone with type B- blood be given type A+ blood?

Your body resembles a large roadmap. There are routes or

“arteries” that take you downtown to the “heart” of the city and “veins” that take you

to the outskirts of town.

Circulation

AHS

AHS

Blood Vessels : One Way Streets

Blood Vessels resemble very long and skinny tunnels that are all through your body

Arteries carry blood away from the heart

Veins carry blood to the heart

Capillaries connect the two and are the drop off & pick up point

Why do you think the muscle is so much thicker in the artery?

The elastic fibers increase its elastic strength & the smooth muscles can change the diameter of the lumen

Vessel walls composed of elastic fibers and smooth muscle

Why would the diameter of the lumen need to be changed?

Tunica intima

Tunica media

Tunica externa

NORMAL CORONARY ARTERY

Semi-lunar valves stop the back flow of blood

The leg and abdominal muscles help blood flow upwards from the feet to the heart

note the thin wall and the semi-lunar valve

A Vein –

Where substances enter & leave the blood

lumen

endothelium(one cell thick)

cell

Large surface area to volume ratio allows rapid diffusion of substances between blood and cells

No cell in the body is more than 2 cells away from a capillary

Wall is single layer of highly permeable endothelium

Approximately 10 micrometers in diameter

oxyhemoglobin

oxyhemoglobin

hemoglobin

Blood vessels and blood cells:

The body’s transportation systemArteries

Capillaries

Veins

1. In your composition book create a table that lists the three major vessels of the circulatory system, describes their structure and lists their functions.

2. Color and label the diagram of an artery and glue it on the page with your table.

Refer to your book pages 374 to 377WE ARE IN THE LIBRARY TOMORROW –

BRING YOUR BOOK!!