Notebook Physics Ahmedawad
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D inertf iorts
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'I.lt.,jl
) l'ttLkerfrorn
p 6iyt t
f?nl*onrn p6tn t,
elec.("ri c, )Do ten tle"( of Poi nt i s . /r f i:rx/ ^twork d oh e to mau? Crt it P"t l6 i t^q' ch^'e*
th< fetrPfanca point (v=rl (o tI,,u
dLllrrenu
r) , ELELr{/ '}:;;t,o,P"ilXlv:. +
{.V= vr -Vt .= Ue J,L
'/ 'e -:
., i
.----a.ls
i '-\'<J&',
1'-":0,|/|
I
!Ltt
:
L, :
vA I
I
YosII
i
a
,ta
Bn-lrt,ItJ
)@)
6
I
"r
Av=
clec(n'c erlr-, t,,/
"&h,i*s,
r-\ -\ 9E "d{r-)et6
-/s
il ecLr i. Poun5altlec(ric lield
/i {lrn ence in Uni{0, ^
AV= Vn -V,tv(a)('I E "l\J n:-
/1 , LPz
,L) €A : -EJ
.,1
lavl= E Jtlu o|,,u"tio^ I elecirc
dir rclion 1 cl<ckobn!
U nilorm€=
C!lielJ /s in
Y
Co,a sfunt
d'e
3O =); Yo '--'"
\ / = $AVw --W-rf .f3 ^ '( -C .- 6th< elec,trrc Iorc-< r^s conse(t/q
AV._-n - )EV^ -VnVr*_n
Notn, il ilte y46tton
AIO *o"kr- , w='Lr1"i P ote ntial enerqil,' t points 1
u"rh,
-.4<-l*
rl*-:"6it^q Ar.".dS : I-/
F ds cos go = Bwo
'5 ft a'norfJone
toC
9, lU =(1 Vteor,tsta,o#r s s r^rface con [aini "ll il,te
salne V "7la(l *L E
flrtric Pot entiol Fo in t chq ,3t-N
AV= VB^ Vn
- I e "Jt),t
-' I e ols crrs &
,rx y
E:ryV^ -vA
zVu Uili, -.r.1,, i:7.
1lfn J
:; makZil Vt =o
A *S r<[ert*.nc< 1o.'irl(
\r /<CI[:_ rlV'S L' Lrn ilJ
\ / KcV =
l .),, , ,i, ,-i,i..
€)\unp)e:.,:Jj:-._ U = $,V,
U= K qr,q,.f re
@+
g', {t7 1o
K9., t,= --rn
q;
,i*--'.i
1irl,1]tt q,V, q" (ll
K 9,,9, k9"%f,3
t
l-rs
+ v, ) --** n^{-/
K L,ft rnl
v,
K V,V. + t kv,LGt9,
ftz
olu< (o
flel ation betwem E6' tt"il"
Av -- t E,'A;)
*) , i, ; r,i/ ,if l ,;:-i ,r?, . ,'dv:
E, o/,tr -dvLr = nr _)
&
l,uu,(
va-4" po t<nt ial <^*"W
r -JuL'x W4? (. h a ele c( r ic p akn t ia,l
3n,il,rrt t,t \/ : f ( r, f t)
5x -: --L \'1
K Itl i Z i((.tnslar7 1
lrt= =:/:-\-) dtt lx tz,.cu,lco4
z (l<3
V:u=
KV
-
f
K9,X +a
' K (-q,lr
(elK-(
V=
: Z<4"C
k9[+,( ^
*o.+
x -q.
il x>) a -2 k 1,qX a ^'qz
- ?-k Vo-x'
+4KVq
)
LV
CLf,=
=
I* c/.V6-zKVa, (-z)
1l"e elrctrt'c lielold,istrb,*tC
line L o
Ch ar3eCo o (in oug
d9, "\Jv= K&r , t'-'?
V-- l-_g "["q,,)r
e lec(ric l,rlrj Poten(rctl V lrc to rin 3
dv*- kdvV= I#v
fx= -d"v6=+ldv: kQ
f
v=f x =
---tR. )
<L
R') ' 'k4
d,v= wdv= KJv
(R' t Nn)'o
'TI T,
t-rl dr4=
A=R,
=r_)o
=
:?-rLX
kn F-Lr (r'* r') I. olr
Ltrrk
l*b
,)I
e
+
t--a-L2
pr*( (x'. R
r-\r7k,,rk ((x. *
I
= - c/V-"lx
(x') ?er-7R') ^r
,L
(*, {'|,R') + (.*)-,)
r ,)
X
't R'X7rr( k (
,)
(x
(
dg- s "tA
{lrctric Pokntial 1l dur (o D,'(
dt{t
LTr(K
€Lcctric )%. enttq( Cu e (o Con o(ork, syJl,ere,
AV= Vs VA=l E./sA
: \e /S ..,s 90J
€ -h- ./sVB:vA.r th, 0^
s,^r |(ce *t qn q Cono(,rclore q ,, ip c* <nt rc{l s,fr ia. t
t]. .ricsr riui. t.io-r'"r-... ir:rr,
- lq,av : ?<ro
i
,5
('' ,. .. tr1 ;..
Is;g/<
[ €".ir')\r -[ tC'-l( i( :f
€l e*t ruc P ore,'t[ult h. .o^ o/*. (o, ts
at {Lft pc>ints tnsidnzqwt AR ' ohl tl,u poin'( s
T\B
v^ =leA
"lvclf
lUlindefencle,tt ,l !b" pa{4,h the initiat & l,"r) posi(io,r
rlIo elec{rt
Lk,Z\
3)deP'n I '
VB .ds
.-\ z)
=)
f , --
f intz!!at(o nL --
bv
th, chorn,
ekmprt(
/]t " ii' (
vJfelenen 6
t;lV'electric potential ,ke [o
It,./ ' ,, r.* p, ,: (t ,..; , lf i
ri
/ -;;"
-":'; ,./'L1'
=) F/rctrt c forr, ,s con sr (afiv1
a6o
L
I"ir.^. i iti,lI t,i_f
' I','\J
6otal ener11 "l onyharge t"Lirrklc lo r C€ u,l
Co,rvb "/ sL v
-nE?oE r +U=o
*"r{ co C0t-*-D/ ,,;::;1 i''t
ca pactof " Js
(hp"
tit fs t lne
Ll+e cr+p o-ceor
e-1a^- t
i(csmP
o^r(
t5
C aff i<c0cs,,t f onertt Us<p/
sfur /ab *o?l
cLqnce r) (c )e\ avG: CavC = -C!- --tI-
qt 6:o Ltc,uiit rim6 Xl
,AV,horqe u
o...^n1^la &o(
dor" €o pokrt ( iat
on
J*f*rnn r*l Volt
C'{
-*,
,.-t:L
soffaling d
= V{7a: -
Co[.nla(io,t "{ $e
d
At"
f*"0/. = co/o*'Pr- ttol t
Ar<a A
.Jii,
parallel ^ plats *W::
crect *y 7 paral(e ( p[ats ,{
J,
I,J
b-,t,.Q =, (^'4
5 65 iciCe ,r,h dr,,,i*< , "'ti.? j t ,'o
^y = r€p( )
tr_(-- ryE,
$'lAV
oJn ;
AV= g"E.
OA
"tepadsp dinens.w Ar 4I
L mediun t.
k,l Sphert'cd,.l
AV = VA -V6 =L i,'u, ,, 1;r *-n i -' /u-? ,r
E ('+ Trrf = S
b
fs"
+itf.
oI
cqPa-ct€
€. d,^
6=v
Jq"
Kq o
arnt. f "
tn€. f"
"lr = ^6) G l-rl ba- t-l+.rlz lr I
L- JA
a Itffi L';
r"
A rr -tl{1fL L b AJ+ti-2. q b
b -dt,
One
(^=\=. +Tf {".e
S,Ph Qrr P
CUI n clrr e""(
:1I'€,o(.
C<yo*tar
aAV
b5 Usinq Go**,s oro, V<{ lt,e- ,trzL*t, N,nlq.r tknrl) = +
F = 4 ('o\-,
O ZZ_f f.
,4-bI el,l-Jr
o hrl b
tq
Av: I=ka
-,\ zrI-L.
It \,
AV:
€lecki . lid<
t,zt t.-CtAt/
A(\ ul-b-lztr1. \t )
tbl\</
=Cn
qL
Q_Tr t.
I op a-etq.n ez
le,ythf"' Un i(
o. \r.
g€r igs
Q=V0:
\u1' G =
Co, {t ec{iort -{ C. Po. tor
conPctior , ;Jifu r;Jau'iarCScirzr€ ctaff
C,V, Q= Lrv<
= V, tUzC.{ V
_qcqgC.,1 Ct Cz
-^/ , geg
II
= '---Ct
r(Cz
") wallel co,teciioil -lsrne y"tlnil"l dilluyr6r +a \
c l*,{* t c/tvo/"/ \
\-J
Qt= e0, = CEv
CuqV : C' Y
, * (i"
r C"V
tC,
fi"rX,7 E(o, er/. in G,grrto^= {r(chary< |^^
c,{W = d-n -- dqV:./
'.-' *urcl-Ai ,,'{,},'o:
ToeoJ *%tlAV
qG ,e:CAV
ytvtG,t
L ^rat
e l)= -Q-e
Vaq{
4r
iU
9c^?(vLc
i;* 'ili*-. 6 ,ol ,,,, l {: b?.;L\ ;; ic) a,/
U -.J J.L] = J96_t"I
I r. *.,1*r" f*_* =
l,tr'r'*r.. t -l' -''v )':Cf -!/i
u.,'
"q
dq.
Jqr
Q1Zc
'o-- " l.tl.- .i-./ .,1
t LlL,. t t-,.
1-;
re-z
l)=
U=
l)= C"ai? =zc
,Vou) = { Qav
denst3 [eor<p/ tJ =
t. A-4- A.V= E rl
I c(Av) "n +AI/n D(
g?5 t e y.l ,
U
-
Yfl !t ^ 8", #" "ift.t;ne !1r *q
., tr* i\I:{ f**rf
rLner33
(Qn-7
)n anyt on-o;l
a\J
ttt'4a ?l
-]- T,.ELz
ff<a K, di,nen5to 4
TuL l^t
AV"Q.C.J_l-.
U"
(1 , ,rl t t\-q oo.cbr s wi(h dele et r l c ,r ll-+ Av J -r*<-+ r =-*:1--
-\ t._-) Y,
-+J we c a nn ec(, the ce,. Frcorwit lr baii a.g (C*gt$ 'Lh nn
we relnoled LL{e b u (.Lf uJ
Lhen lnser( a J.ielri.tricbe( weerl C'ofio{o"kr
C. = Z.ATtniah Ji.lu.tr t c i K'v4
q)ith dlteleck ).
l=
k>L
C
I
t=
Av.k
C-
c_:a
AV
kt-..A : k C.---a- '
p r d,eluctrr cCorlS tqn {
CIG (,, Lhe sa.ne)'
b,.( Lurq, fenov\9(AV . Q-*!l- s q,,. Q
AV:
(,tv
i
\--,
ir
U,=
Qt
CtZC
_uKZa z Kc.
U ( ().r S erhe
K=
e YL<r nolcli g ote
EFr AV. ().AU
6lG\_-,/
,J, rnc,Le le<tf t'c
rnole.Llas
,lq ki c
$,t
fc E,b
KE,
bl--b
:K1
r-r)4</
t-S
((
t.
"li oo lo .. eL/ t3L-
tr= {€
{ i, bl ra(aks the
t[-O&
Eet
ELect,ng ,?;;!''l,rr,f,2\",Y) r Tt is
fiu* 4 ekctric r
charXe h
'" Ir i:. th, ,honq, J flo,*s normql tl Et o th, cross s! cfio, ere 4 f* un il (im e
t r-- IYYI = c =/ Arp(re \3Cc .t<c \ / i*"
the rq{e 4Ve
TAO,' E-:d,irerilon Jrnotion "'l
Cetlo rq
S€Cc
Ate
Vu)U
t l.,e Jtrealo,
J<C
-/te lhe-l
elecLrl c curren( is
+r€ eharoS<
dl ela-L
t- \#'{';'**n/
=
0 Cortsent ralia't -lfi a. 4 !"*_ ,1, ctr, ,1
I.r. ,lecLro d
Vo(qme
aQ= n a{, vV'u Iu_illf
L= V,r At: n A V,r A( \,
c /,t,e/ e,,t)
r .. /' /"-'int Vft*nt:"$ - ---
AQr''J
;* At
Corrm{ drns it3
G.- <-<.e-------t e€:
V T Fri
Ch^qr rhn L
's Laelenr t ,1
wrrJ
\l.
Vb Ve=
IJ
o(
ry[\*\ .-\_
lons(anI';n Pf< 1ton,*-('o^ f lectrri
direc( pro por1/)cll
E4uit lt f lu, Lr i , 1,4,tr
I
J
tz. qJ
Va
L -nt;fl5r_.'J-
V
AV=n + i,tlJ
) E ds "s [l
rt-.t-
TA
e-[6\, +y
LAV= rL
SrA
wlv^1
1.7 -'Q-(
il)l''r!-
elecLricres iS tenc<
m ert f eC,(
6Ld
in JL
qlt Qz-'NL.T-I Q-2
/LJT R4_L
B
I 7 -> resti tiLS
R=
[ [, r
l)yrnqlr(;qo,p.S(,,(,t,,",,
v)j
-/=
: M L.TCi-"
rL= J=-ry+L
Ii"I,l
P6'w er
the tint fa te *l Jo,'n3 * orf(l,t is
rlI*t*
It-
w'or k
T l'+t <
t,
AT
e tl zIXytin<(rel(av /
stIDt-'P_
I
Iv
0o werIfesistprL',ea {
bV:-r' R
rB: ' (Av)'
l(
dr'ssl P Xtrr,(
i n fo(rn/1
4tl,rr
f sis(ofS
o 59 ries co,me.ti on !. .
V=
R.g -
V, r V.,I/l, -r TR,R, t R"
co4n ,rLto q
V of 6"fl. otivide c/
8am1 pot,en{iql ,Jill,r*-) c,c^rren ( cttiviacg/
. I arell
a-Ra
f)-2VR,
I
1' TtVf.\
-R-;
L
r,
R,
t_l
Srrru Cwrrerr" I
+A{Ux
,eP-*^'@*
\ -ov -r
\i
-L-- +l, l+vl-l\.'_J
\,(n\=
&)+
C
irchho
1-* kirrl,l^'{l Lor,,.kitcholf cqrrettL low kCL
r, r7.=Tg ]-,-$' Li
OL enl node ^ri; sur.
"+ , curfen(" entt Lhe ,to{.e equal
I o curkyt( eKir,/t lro n ;'t
"A ^J. K ir.hL II lo,k ,r ch o l{ r)oltage &op La*
gh, ,Vo kgrgec lus</ )oo p
I
)oop; Jturt lro^ pen(
Lhen cetqnn to
A)od", ', be(*ee, rr.,o
of {Y",Ofe
i{gknr6
SUNd-P'e$ acr
+ t=-L
*I o"tlar ouA cl( zeno
ZV^,"y
TV+
K
+ Crop,f'u 5 {
1r rt-lr
1_ K, Z<-r- o
-i r.t I -,r fir'E,l C [t i"i''f l',{, thr cg hi
KCI or
l( Vl qr a b.aq- 3L ,- - + + 5 Z3 = o
''f< t' i q- t o-b I t',-jJt
i;='+8 =6
Et
p"c(
,ih
a,----+ t
-L--_-5\/ (/"F
c 41tktt I
tAu =oAV =
Eel,gf
- rl V
3 L/\
opostd n
q,s sLu,o ^
0c+Cagcilo:--
Ji r"rLton
OPP L1
Ft3
\j.
AV : tt
e= {: (e
v olL
,b ( I(
-uC
B=TI
/l^e sis(cnc(q[ on-\l emy<rt"r<
T
R" [r +
TResi-ta,acrq. t Tenperal"l
T.
-1-A R /
:(T--r"\T
\\\
\
anolpr,rtars co( I f,:sisa1oY 7h< /e sr s ktnC t
Co^>Lcr4[';lfc<f
Uhen rw,tch R
o 4 ll osititlra te chc.rginrg
AV= Vc ,-(rrI
Ip t {: r/,(: r r+1, ^.tr1[f rr^u,,u,o',J
C. p 61 .5 [e"r r'g, '(oKVL
Z V-- o
Cis
c\rcui(
dtRc & = v tc*q L
{"--q =-f oLt) e-Et 1-r<T-( r € 'lre1
(=o
l^lv t.li: -t' rr Rc
t^( q,-t'T, -Lt f<- l- Rc
place..t ,---i \-- 'I l.-l._l--1
_.r E)
drif-Ctg tlir6
-i 1,^or
r/in \l.t-I
= ct)
t,.-t.fcq/ =[9
I
ft*
(Tl- i.i/ ir-i*,4..
:e -t/ra r
o.
It?c =
c
iln
VI ,.Q:OVT
a
RC
:T_a-
7
1-T)iq e ots( q tt ( "t 4C C irqot
V r 1.*u ( [ -. e rk1
T I a 9r,'nar ( I -€-')'= O,6t g,,,oo
e coastqr,?{ ir Jel,ntc/ a5
the cha n ge o 4 t Ie ce pct'[oo. (3 lr"; r'( s Aqxira,^.h
n'(" i
t:,,.'-e/ n.,kt)l
e '' rnJ
cufre
: tc
the
wo-t
T: ( t,a e La ken
ir c req,fq
Ln
b3
6o
4,voL{
'r,
ntova.fu e .
Charging
_L-R
Tl,rn
vq.(-te)q,
Y^r*
r^#*)_v-tro*
q,,
d"rhrpy
o)
Zero
D ,, . ho.qin qwe Ptqr"ot Lh; rsrricA
V,S a zer 6
*r<=0- AY 11 vor,.blt4t se yrati\(
--l ",(t")Tf=o
e-=Fg---..*,
t(g -+
r Vnot 4I
V. + Ve =
2t---T
.I,h-1
I__f
o4
v._9_
C
t+
= Tro^ e''ltc
T^,, = zc (+) e-th
= - t e*/T-R-U
O-.,S
<;-=!a
=orl
=-63sx
II
C\t
/+r+
fIArtt
orll
1l
o/l o
I
GI1+
Ciltl
^l(toFIE
gl
,C*-f 3
t:
I
+l€Alt/x v cY\\
, -cb
I
._.s
11rt,tl q_)wr)5-Ia
c-o
5(a
ef\3sAx'<
\frll(\ a?..$+
\.s
GI
,+
I
,{."
cbI
.--
ecLro mqqnetismv
^a3 natir lield
,.- A+c1n€ttu, F reld line s
ar€ ' clos../ );,tt e s.
BT mogriti, trt /us{io'rm a {n iL;c }/t x ;"nt(3
-i( Rfgon aro "no( wiftCar rett6 i s
^oyn lt i re ar f l,f1q
fiet{ l
?r Aa-grtitic ,tror., actinrTm o vinS chary( v arzl
F ? 4',tI
B
I
or1 noV t0corn ponet4(
IorcL3
--- 1( Bl
r$
if f-= oJl (e --
4-q-n fttcLhi V e /0"
ilo* at
s;rl@^* 4yt0
$= oG: l8O
e eclrnahc-s &
1,70
V //B
I1 anarl(') nor n tt to
@ = 3C
B rnesureo.-r = V\Jtr=,.
+ I
/e s/a
M L-r -'q LT-.
n orr44l
tll
Dini,s;on &rffi
,t )lt"
a- charge+h e lin tJt
0 enetr
BV
n-- etlscharq? roCa6e in circfurorb'ftu I ,qdiut f
to e€t fL',nJ 'Lo*, w €
"p P ll ,./Jew to,t
rr = tY) Q, .- 9g)!,."t dnl"J - acceterqt ioq: r'c Fu.ce Jo < s 4 6t chanX< th e't m agln tt
en egq ,l the ro t<tiel Ch o. rq? b e c-o <rs Q
o[v8 = m
$B= ryr= rn
qet Lin eo(tne )
)Er
lTp:o
wtrt4.c
flowrevo I_T
uvq Uan{ttLio,l ( perid,'.
Si=6aht@= Zrrr 2 LTf rnV
-v- J v-TB-
(o"-t
UntCh<r ( r -t
VB21T fi1[ rce q uen<-u : IJ,- t J T
!r/ =Vr=
i['
V.o tV si rt
\el"r)t y inchne el * ,{h ang le g
f[ Vsiae,,)il) fi ove
f oth1'13 *Lhe
= (vel".t3) ( ture J i,
-- $cos0 tr3t3\rV1
o@
a= rnV*tt,
B
,l = p;tchcLo,1e
\ elt ca)
eY\ B=Ar bl-
a-.U,Sia ce v e loc i(9ha:r, '), conyonen I
Lhe t\oti on
I i elo(
s€ /e e Lar
,l Charg<
a) Ve/r riLlr__\q El
drr..tio n 'ob ,n, uJ
nlF^ t
trtl
€l--+*v
lftfft++ft l ul* x
f 'B-- 1,
=ny
Jli
IvV8 v p wrd,
*i{ B/
?t,t
$
!fJt)
4r€Frnq VB'
VB/
r-L
6L
L{:l
$
\l (\v),/\
Ao obviation
t, ..t ,
,. {.i/ r C( ( rO ; I C.\,.,. ,,
'' rt''--
A p/i* {ion ,lin fiofln i dr c
r,E--
F
V
B)[) euice us<d,
cyclin
t ro4ecce le rat io rt chary
o-r
td
o
e
Lr<
I,l
I
flid
(urc "
onoln* tore ris ( ,^'\ bee w(n 1"
L
= rnv9'B
In
AC sotrrc€ nrust eokal o.Ireg u enc y ,l ro(aLin 7 'p orL i cle
= *L ^\/:^r
=) Vrox =
V"B'R '
De ".*en
kx
r 9Bnrn
K' E -a. t, m
elecLron hcrve smq-ll*i Il h ^u, h i3h
rn ass thnn
V el octLy
a-gn iti cCarr3 in
J
1o".. qctin jC t<rfe rt (
oq ConducC o,^
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-
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(+ (B)
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L.
-f
rn
Sarrt e
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Torlve on Currerrt loc,p in vrtiflorno"g n i(,;c lietcl
I brS ';a o = /fJ
:anrnokn KrV o ppo,i6e JireotfoqIilt? 4 action
z &F+
^ct, P ( to rqu(
T- f bsin qI ts {"b sir c{
affqf ts A sirl(
t he cu r rent
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if lo" p l5
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h Stl/l
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lVI A
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g th<r(01
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i{
lao yloop hJ
Q'fifrhu Stor*o(w o rku
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at o(s 0
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ti*o ^[r
r--, f\
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7<t o
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0
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x
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l)/o
D
r
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v/ e erc [c ,^l a{e B
Argnitic lirLd o\^e
lIotx siro+rf,
lidd ilr,e fo +he currcn{
Jx;z
{r *r)
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,T,*,qt"t^ ,n 6
B a /"T I+TT )3tfi$
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l,to hA
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?.lt_ o. I I/'(-JIJo. ver.\4 lon. Wi,rrJJ
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t=
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CB= ,tro T"tlS; rtJ 6
-
4 tr A.,/1'" T
I atq Traz Jy'"[ -' ao
q r(az,r, "T O
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t
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fo.g=
8 ,rntn
c i rc tu-l*, ,iy2_ Tr
F *OT
-LT
A"Znittc-oiL
fir[J lu, to circular Coi/lB eot54
CB= /,TrltqTf? sir O.
,lT hn
dfu,qalE si n,
*?T \
due focom ( o rilr rs *nefu1
9- Ba
the Co; / the "Al rrr rn a Ithe sqnnLrl,( v
B
r7- = X2t A2s;4 A : +-.
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4 tr rz ,/1t 1z
%t"o4q.
( x.. +az ) 'r,B (5
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7 r{ Cl'
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s qrn e dirgqt r o,r .'
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fu L,a(
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it Jr
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low
ots
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= lA.ss6
t he li rte io tegro { ,f4 the Ar-r\ rtiiicclosec{ Dath
u elaql
bg th; sL{rn 4
BI
i B .Js
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t!' .ta"t q'<nttn"l eorttponen{I irl ,( in lor(tort aro^n /)
tLe per netiv t t1 n,^ltipli<4
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is un tlo" ^lu.J
tlt g1.o r (
GE srcfu wirq,ltdts -* -/ 0
S=n
f B B
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t (ezrr^),- {p, r"o
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B (,LT r\ . y'u)6,=
I-/"Tr?"tT B z
(N
ii) Arynittc l:ir1r1 dw ro Toroi d
,{.?2\ s,/ r-/ 6\z6s
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r ( R'B ( zTi) - ,rto tT
B ' = VC,rrc
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f_r = AJ I
tI= +NI-NI= ?tru
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t.li) A"qn i( i cJ
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r, [,,J*
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o p -. B A J unii ., Tesle mt
i wehne 0 = RA coro
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.,,.cL)[rn-1,.,-.J,
exanl p kCal. cula te th(
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D /,7/r-
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I
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:*
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2
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,{\ ,,4
P
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r e/ect"o rvnLlv< }o*
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t i €,rn,f : worla d,oae {o r4o\K
u,tit ( tve ) .hqrg! befi,tee4the d,erntna.l I tlr< *tr<
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--=\ Bt il6JVB{
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1,+ ths wir< $ g-- B A': R Lx
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* : t **=r [,r g th( c,-t*t't'< .,i q,
XKKXXX(X
XK(
9^,n = z<ro 9 ,*oo: 8A
Leoq'sU
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Qt _+
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L aut,r=#PolQ'nflqri( g) J +hL indu<<o,( e. ,n, f
o ( Po slte lhe chqh?< ,N i Fln
;ndureo[ curvnrt .o +i o {)[t ost{< G6 \t4x o ri
1 , na,.( I ieb,l
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9= BA cos G.----:oJ,L -: - /V ,1 CI:w
rf R
lorodt,
rV
eLecbrt'c
C/ o t<s{
B -uE[: c+ 136
Eft*/*
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E
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try\ +!(
&Fro.r
(
X
lidcl (ircx 6 o -il(
inc/u ctio 4
a
sell
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B=-)/ oto;l A/{)
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NCIN'C)L
L, mLsUr(.
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T
JTwclT-T
it< t-tntL\/)1ener q
Jcoelf st( [ t nc/ c{an Le /v9,l f u)arl(s wrd^
lv rgd,t
\(-
tim?
= _L
L
t
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C alc ula.ho n "?
o !0, 5./n o,C r>
9=B13=
Q=y',A) r A
L= I ANIA\\ --Ttdy"nJ C n ',
o
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,/'" Iz7T f
,ll )L),
-y n tnf " on {l^rEh< utrrtnt egua(s
L=rythe se/I ind.ucttvt
n /" NTT
eot /(c
N, rto. "? t€nvt\
L
NI
./.rn srtg io a
Aedtr^m
{
-( thelrlsi d.e
.or /coi/ ( pernahui/
e1
ej
C oaAiou{ts ('mr)'B
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) ltrr
L=t_T
dA = brlr
lILY^-
l' d,).
tnw)(+)
x lf inolucl ion ,
p er ttnit L<nJ r h
&AT-
AtzTr
?. Trft
= /"74-2-n
/"L lnz7r
(")
Jut
o(L
du=rlu)= Vrctuolto.qr 1 V = L&+tk'cell V ct
d.U = L#- tLL*)
1=b
€ner-Xy J<nty S6.td ivt
u= U-= UV -W-:
[= 4NJ_T-
in Ll+< in clu ctor
,"tor k d_on, by
tl^{ b"ttry in Liun< "{t
VT
t?I?
t v Co i[l_lr Tz2 L*
-AT-L = B{-
lt
( /"N"A \( B'{' 1\ r rt-77-1
[nugy
au=
Srurea
U=
BA
U: L) trt =
al
.\-. )
-i )(r)- i;. I
)
u--t.P"