NOT YOUR AVERAGE PALM · A FEW FACTS ABOUT PALMS Fossil record extends back to the Cretaceous...
Transcript of NOT YOUR AVERAGE PALM · A FEW FACTS ABOUT PALMS Fossil record extends back to the Cretaceous...
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NOT YOUR AVERAGE
PALM
A look at some unusual palms,
special anatomical features and strange
adaptations
Christine Kelly-BegazoUniversity of Florida-Indian River Co.
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We Floridians love our palms!
But some people are loving them to death!
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A FEW FACTS ABOUT PALMS
Fossil record extends back to the Cretaceous Period, 80 million years ago
Monocots-have more in common with grasses
225 genera and 2,600 species
Grow best in zones 8-10 and can be found from deserts to rainforests
Range in temperatures, -10°F
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Variability*The tallest 197’-Quindio wax palm
(Ceroxylon quindiuense) Columbia
*The smallest 4’-Sand palm (Guihaia argyrata) China
*Largest seeds in the world-Coco de mer (Lodoicea maldivica) 20”,66lbs
*Largest leaf-Raffia palm-over 80’(Raphia regalis) Africa
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Durability Evergreen-don’t lose leaves in a particular
season
Do not normally branch Trunks do not get larger in
width but in height Tensile strength of fronds &
fibers
Chilean wine palmJubaea chilensis
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Utility Used for many purposes
Rope, skirts, hats Alcoholic beverages Oil, wax, shoe polish Food (animal & human) Building material, furniture
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Coconut PalmCocos nucifera
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LEAF ARRANGEMENT ON THE FROND
Entire
Palmate
Costa-palmate
Pinnate
Bi-pinnate
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ENTIRE FROND
unsegmented blade
Necklace PalmChamaedorea geonomiformisCentral America
Diamond Joey PalmJohannesteijsmannia
altifronsMalaysia
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PALMATE Leaflets radiate from the
base, circular or semi-circular.
Divided into segments; radiate out from the point where they are attached to the petiole.
Laminae may be slightly divided to being divided nearly to the leaf base.
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PALMATE Leaf size is variable between species
Size of the human hand-lady palms (Rhapis spp.)
Maximum of 5 m across such as in the talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera)
The most important economic palm with palmate leaves is the palmyra (sugar) palm (Borassus flabellifer).
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COSTA-PALMATE
palmate leaf in which the stem extends well into the frond partially dividing it at the distal end of the petiole.
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PINNATE
Most common type
Feather-like palm leaves
2 rows of leaflets generally on each side of stem
Leaves range in size <1m to >25m
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Major EOCONOMIC
palms are pinnate
Coconut, African oil palm, Date palm, Betel nut palm and Peach palm (Costa Rica)
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BIPINNATE
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BIPINNATE
Caryota Palms (fish-tail palm) 13 different species
Monocarpic-once they flower the stem dies
Susceptible to lethal yellowing disease
Needs lots of H20 and nutrients
Toxic fruits (even to touch)
Very hard wood
Shallow roots
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dwarfing a Royal palm
Caryota obtusaGiant fish-tail palm
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Caryota mitisClumping fishtail Palm
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PALMS WITH STRANGE ADAPTATIONSHairTrunkPoisonLeaf scarsWaxy surfaceSpines/needlesH2O-holdingPneumatic ability
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Old Man PalmCoccothrinax crinita
Stiff, thick beige-colored fibers densely borne along the entire length of thick trunk.
Hair-like fibers
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Trunk
burlap-like woven fibers from old leaf bases and sheaths
Silver Thatch PalmCoccothrinax barbadensis
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Caryotas and Arenga spp.
-oxylates in the fleshy coating
–also can cause physical pain if touched
Poisonous
Toxins
Formosa PalmArenga engleri
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Nikau PalmRhopalostylis sapida
Only palm endemic to New Zealand
Leaf Scars
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Can
ary
Isl
an
d D
ate
Ph
oen
ix c
anar
ien
sisSpines/Needles
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Betel Nut PalmAreca catechu-mild stimulant-moderately toxic-addictive
Stimulants
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When is a palmnot a true palm?
When its a:
Cycad
Sago
Zamia
Dioon
Yucca
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Dragon TreeDracaena spp.
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Traveler’s palm Ravenala madagascariensis
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Madagascar palm Pachypodium lamerei
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Giant DioonDioon spinulosum
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Pandanus PalmPandanus spp.
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Spiral PalmScrew Palm
Pandanus spiralis
long, prickly leaves emerge in a screw-like arrangement
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PALMS THAT DO FUNNY THINGS
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PALMS THAT DO FUNNY THINGS
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COLD TOLERANT PALMS - Pinnates
Chilean Wine PalmJubaea chilensis
10°F
Pindo PalmButia capitata
14°F
Dwarf Bamboo PalmChamaedorea radicalis
12°F
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Needle PalmRhapidophyllum hystrix
-10°F
Mediterranean FanChamaerops humilis
10°F
Windmill Palms
Trachycarpus fortunei
0°F
Mazari PalmNannorrhops richtiana
-4°F
COLD TOLERANT PALMS - Palmates
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