THE EMERALD ISLE

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ANCIENT IRELAND

Oliver CROMWELL

English and Scottish planters settled in Ireland

17th century :

1800 : Act of Unionthe United Kingdom ofGreat Britain & Ireland was created

1801: The Union Jack was adopted

The Great Famine18451800 >> 1922 : 8 millionIrish people

England, Australia andthe United Statesemigratedto

memorial of the potato famine

a more political memorial

Dublin

In 1916 a group of Irish Republican rebelled against English rule -at the time English forces occupied Ireland.The rebels took over the Dublin Post Office

Dublin Post Office where the riot took place

Their leader : Eammon De Valerabecame a hero for Irish nationalists.

This event is remembered as EASTER RISING

The rebellion was put down by the English.The leaders were executed.De Valera escaped the death penaltybecause he had a double nationality:Irish & American

a mural repesenting Easter Rising

Flag of the Irish Republic

The post office today + commemoration of Easter RisingFollowing Easter Rising Collins trained the Irish Republican Army

Prime Minister Lloyd George

finally in 1921: after years of resistance and terrorist attacks by the IRA the British signed the Anglo-Irish Treaty with Irish Representatives

Prime Minister Lloyd George

Anglo-Irish Treaty

1921: or Act of Partition divided Ireland into 2 parts : - Northern Ireland (Ulster = 6 counties)

- Southern Ireland 1948 : became the Republic of Ireland (EIRE)

Anglo- Irish Treaty

Following the Treaty a Civil War broke out between those who wanted a united Ireland and an Irish Republicand those who considered that the Treaty was a stepping stonetowards a free Ireland...

THE TROUBLES

After the partition Northern Ireland (Ulster) remains part of the UK

Belfast, its capital, is divided into protestant areas and catholic ones

Religious, social and economic division between the protestantmajority and the catholic minority led to riots.

Terrorist attempts on both sides kept northern Ireland in a state ofvirtual civil war

> 2 terrorist groups: the IRA (catholic) and the UDA (protestant)

British "peace keeping" troops were stationed in Northern Ireland

This period of terrorist violence which started in the 60s is known asthe Troubles

In Belfast and other cities murals illustratelandmarks in the bloody history ofNorthern Ireland

Here are some examples...

April 10th 1998

The Good Friday agreement is signed

The result:

A parliament with shared powers.

Bertie AhernandTony Blair

After a long peace process :

TheEnd