North Korea (Presentation)

8/8/2019 North Korea (Presentation)

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North KoreaNorth Korea


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North Korea


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ProfileProfile

Capital: Pyongyang.

Government: Juche Republic, Single-party system,

Military dictatorship.

Eternal President: Kim Il-sung (deceased).

Supreme Leader: Kim Jong-Il

Independence declared: March 1, 1919.

Liberation: August 15, 1945. Formal declaration: September 9, 1948.


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JucheJuche

Official state ideology of North Korea.

First known reference given by Kim Il-sung in 1955.

Literally means "main body" or "subject. Also

translated as "independent stand" and the "spiritof self-reliance".

Teaches that "man is the master of everything and

decides everything," and that the Korean peopleare the masters of Korea's revolution.


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JucheJuche

Three fundamental principles, as given by Kim Il-

sung on April 14, 1965:

"independence in politics" (chaju)

"self-sustenance in the economy" (charip) "self-defense in national defense" (chawi).


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HistoryHistory

Korea was independent until the late 19th century. Atthat time, China sought to block growing Japaneseinfluence on the Korean peninsula and Russianpressure for commercial gains there. This competition

produced the Sino-Japanese War of 1894-95 and theRusso-Japanese War of 1904-05.

Japan emerged victorious from both wars and in 1910annexed Korea as part of the growing Japanese

empire Japan remained firmly in control until the end of

World War II in 1945.


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HistoryHistory

Japan surrendered in August 1945, and Korea wasliberated.

Early surrender of Japan led to the immediate

division of Korea into two occupation zones: U.S. administered southern half

U.S.S.R administered northern half

Division was meant to be temporary and to

facilitate the Japanese surrender until the US, UK,Soviet Union, and China could arrange atrusteeship administration.


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HistoryHistory

Division made permanent with the establishment

of the separate regimes of North and South Korea.


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Korean WarKorean War

First armed confrontation of the Cold War and set

the standard for many later conflicts.

Created the idea of a proxy war, where the two

superpowers would fight in another country,forcing the people in that nation to suffer the bulk

of the destruction and death involved in a war

between such large nations.


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25 June 1950present (ceasefire signed on 27

July 1953).

Conflict arose from the division of Korea by the UN

and the attempts of the two Korean powers toreunify Korea under their respective governments.

Period immediately before the war was marked by

escalating border conflicts at the 38th parallel and

attempts to negotiate elections for the entirety of

Korea.


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Negotiations ended when the military of NorthKorea invaded the South on June 25, 1950. Underthe aegis of the United Nations, nations allied withthe United States intervened on behalf of SouthKorea.

After rapid advances in a South Koreancounterattack, North-allied Chinese forcesintervened on behalf of North Korea, shifting thebalance of the war and ultimately leading to anarmistice that approximately restored the originalboundaries between North and South Korea.


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Heavily guarded demilitarized zone on the 38th

parallel continues to divide the peninsula today

with anti-Communist and anti-North Korea

sentiment still remaining in South Korea. Since ceasefire, the relations between North Korea

and South Korea, the EU, Canada, the US, and

Japan have remained tense.

Fighting halted in the ceasefire, but both Koreas

still technically at war.


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SanctionsSanctions

Following 9/11 attacks, Washington put North

Korea on the "axis of evil" list. Has contended that

North Korea's possession of nuclear weapons

poses serious threat to world. Following North Korea's nuclear test in October

2006, SC members imposed sanctions on

Pyongyang including embargo on military and

technological materials and luxury goods, and aset of financial sanctions.


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SanctionsSanctions

President Obama has slapped additional sanctions

on North Korea aimed at choking off the regimes

arms trade and illicit business.

The sanctions are specifically targeted againstOffice 39 - a secretive branch of the North Korean

government that manages slush funds and raises

money for the leadership, including by trafficking

drugs. These sanctions also target North Korea'sinfrastructure for importing and exporting

conventional arms.


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Axis of EvilAxis of Evil

September 2002: Government acknowledges that

it kidnapped about a dozen Japanese in the 70s

and 80s for the purposes of training North Korean

spies. October 2002: Admits that it violated a 1994

agreement freezing its nuclear weapons program

and has been developing nuclear bombs. Since

2002, North Korea has oscillated betweenaffirming and denying that it already has nuclear

weapons.


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Axis of EvilAxis of Evil

July 2006: Launches 7 missileslong-rangeTaepodong-2 missile (failed) and six medium-rangeweaponsroiling its neighbours and much of the restof the world. North Korea's first major weapons test

in 8 years. October 2006: Again sparks international outrage

when it tests a nuclear weapon.

February 2007: Agrees to dismantle its nuclear

facilities & allow international inspectors to enter thecountry in exchange for about $400 million in oil andaid.


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Human RightsHuman Rights

Multiple international human rights organizations,

including Amnesty International and Human

Rights Watch, accuse North Korea of having one of

the worst human rights records of any nation. North Koreans have been referred to as "some of

the world's most brutalized people" by Human

Rights Watch, due to the severe restrictions placed

on their political and economic freedoms.


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Human RightsHuman Rights

Defectors testify to the existence of prison and

detention camps with estimated 150,000 to

200,000 inmates (~0.85% of the population). Have

reported torture, starvation, rape, murder, medicalexperimentation, forced labor, and forced

abortions.

After the FIFA 2010 debacle, claims surfaced of the

team and coach (Kim Jong-Hun) being publiclyhumiliated.


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North Korea (Presentation)

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