North Asian International Research Journal Consortium · Welcome to NAIRJC ... Head Exam. Mat.K..M...

Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2017 ISSN NO: 2454 - 9827

North Asian International

Research Journal Consortium

North Asian International Research Journal of

Social Science & Humanities

Chief Editor

Dr Rama Singh

Publisher Associate Editor

Dr. Bilal Ahmad Malik Dr. Nagendra Mani Trapathi

North Asian International Research Journal of Social Science & Humanities ISSN: 2454-9827 Vol. 3, Issue 6, June 2017

IRJIF IMPACT FACTOR: 3.015

North Asian International research Journal consortiums www.nairjc.com 2

Welcome to NAIRJC

ISSN NO: 2454 - 9827 North Asian International Research Journal Social Science and Humanities is a research journal, published monthly in

English, Hindi, Urdu all research papers submitted to the journal will be double-blind peer reviewed referred by members of

the editorial board. Readers will include investigator in Universities, Research Institutes Government and Industry with

research interest in the general subjects

Editorial Board

Address: -North Asian International Research Journal Consortium (NAIRJC) 221 Gangoo, Pulwama,

Jammu and Kashmir, India - 192301, Cell: 09086405302, 09906662570, Ph. No: 01933-212815,

Email: [email protected] , [email protected] , [email protected] Website: www.nairjc.com

J.Anil Kumar

Head Geography University

of Thirvanathpuram

Sanjuket Das

Head Economics Samplpur University Adgaonkar Ganesh

Dept. of Commerce B.S.A.U,

Aruganbad

Kiran Mishra

Dept. of Engligh,Ranchi University,

Jharkhand

Somanath Reddy

Dept. of Social Work, Gulbarga

University.

Rajpal Choudhary

Dept. Govt. Engg. College Bikaner

Rajasthan

R.D. Sharma

Head Commerce & Management Jammu

University

R.P. Pandday

Head Education Dr. C.V.Raman

University

Moinuddin Khan

Dept. of Botany SinghaniyaUniversity

Rajasthan.

Manish Mishra

Dept. of Engg, United College Ald.UPTU

Lucknow

K.M Bhandarkar

Praful Patel College of Education, Gondia Ravi Kumar Pandey

Director, H.I.M.T, Allahabad

Tihar Pandit

Dept. of Environmental Science,

University of Kashmir.

Simnani

Dept. of Political Science, Govt. Degree

College Pulwama, University of Kashmir.

Ashok D. Wagh

Head PG. Dept. of Accountancy,

B.N.N.College, Bhiwandi, Thane,

Maharashtra. Neelam Yaday

Head Exam. Mat.K..M .Patel College

Thakurli (E), Thane, Maharashtra

Nisar Hussain

Dept. of Medicine A.I. Medical College

(U.P) Kanpur University

M.C.P. Singh Head Information Technology Dr C.V.

Rama University

Ashak Husssain

Head Pol-Science G.B, PG College Ald.

Kanpur University

Khagendra Nath Sethi

Head Dept. of History Sambalpur

University.

Rama Singh

Dept. of Political Science A.K.D

College, Ald.University of Allahabad

mailto:[email protected]


http://www.nairjc.com/




IMPACT OF TILPARA BARRAGE ON CROPPING PATTERN IN

AJAY-MAYURAKSHI INTER RIVERINE TRACT OF BIRBHUM DISTRICT

DR. KOYEL MUKHERJEE

ABSTRACT:

Tilpara barrage at suri is constructed over Mayurakshi river that has its source on Trikut in Jharkhand.

The present study reveals the “Impact of Tilpara Barrage on cropping pattern in Ajay- Mayurakshi inter

riverine tract of Birbhum District’’. It has been made an attempt in to analyze impact of Tilpara barrage

on cropping pattern in study area with special reference of case studies in sample villages. This study is

based on secondary and primary data collected from diatrict gazetteer, district census hand book,

questionnaire and personal interview methods. The Physical, climatologically, socio-economic,

technological, organizational factors, and farmer's attitude, etc. determinants closely influenced on the

cropping pattern in study region, but in the study area canal irrigation is an important determinant

affected on the cropping pattern.

Key words: canal irrigated area, cropping pattern, area under different crops

INTRODUCTION:

Cropping pattern refers to the proportion of area under various crops at any given point of time in a unit area

(Bhatia, S.S. 1965, pp 39-56). There are mainly three types of cropping patterns—inter-cropping, mixed-

cropping and crop rotation. The cropping pattern of a region is closely influenced by the geo-climatic, socio-

economic, historical and political factors. Actually it is dynamic concept because no cropping pattern can be said

to be ideal for all times to a particular region. It changes the space and time with a view to meet requirements

and is governed largely by the physical as well as cultural and technological factors. The change in cropping

pattern in particular span of time clearly indicates the changes that have taken place in the agricultural

development.




LITERATURE SURVEY:

1. Bandara (2006) represented the impact of Sharda canal on the agriculture including crop production,

cropping pattern etc. He emphasized on training of farmers on cropping techniques through the farmers

field schools exposed them to crop husbandry and significant increase in the yield of rice.

2. Dhawan (1993) observed the impact of Sharda canal irrigation on agriculture in U.P. specifically the

cropping pattern, crop productivity etc. according to him it has increased the productivity and generated

new scope for employment.

OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY:

The objectives of the study is to identify the impact of Tilpara barrage on:

(1) Stability in the total output with same crops always compensating for the failure of other crops of this

region.

(2) Larger variety of crops which will enable the food security and economic development.

(3) Agricultural development of this region.

DATA BASE:

The data have been collected from two sources i.e. secondary and Primary .The secondary data on irrigation, has

been collected from the records of the respective offices e.g. Mayurakshi canal circle, principal agricultural of

Suri, from district census hand book, Birbhum1981. Primary data obtained from field survey are related to the

distribution of different crops according to canal irrigated area, area under different crops to gross cropped area

etc. have been collected from field investigation.

METHODOLOGY:

The step of methodology is concerned with the collection of data and information about the Tilpara canal system

from Mayurakshi canal circle (Birbhum), has been collected. Agricultural farms (in acre) have been selected from

five villages in Ajay-Mayurakshi inter riverine tract of Birbhum district and land owners of 250 farms have been

interviewed and data regarding their cropping pattern including paddy, mustard, potato, pulses, wheat, sesame,

vegetables etc. have been collected. Later these data have processed. Percentage of Canal irrigated area wise

distribution of area under different crops have been arranged. For data processing statistical technique has been




computed and microsoft excel software have been used for simple tabulation and calculation. Arc GIS 10

software has been used for making choropleth maps.

LOCATION OF THE STUDY AREA:

The study area is located between 23◦40’00’’N to 23◦50’00’’N latitudes and 87◦20’00’’E to 88◦00’00’’E

longitudes of Birbhum district. In this region five villages namely Sattore mouza in Bolpur block, Koma mouza in

Suri II block, Hatora mouza in Sainthia block, Ramkrishnapur mouza in Nanoor block and Gopedighi mouza in

Labpur block represent the entire study area.

Source- India map, West Bengal map and Birbhum map compiled by raster from google.com and vectorised by

GIS software. Birbhum map of ‘area under Mayurakshi reservoir project‘was provided by Mayurakshi Canal

Circle, Suri. Location of the study area between Ajay-Mayurakshi inter riverine tract of Birbhum district map was

compiled by Author with the help of political map of Birbhum district.




OVERALL CROPPING PATTERN OF THE STUDY REGION UNDER INDIVIDUAL CROPS:-

In the present chapter the overall cropping pattern of the study region is outlined followed by the discussion on

the area under individual crops.

Aman paddy—Aman paddy is the important paddy crop cultivated throughout the study region. Its cultivation

is very much dependent on the irrigation and the farmers use other technological factors after being assured

about canal irrigation. The present study shows that the farms which have relatively larger proportion and spatial

extent of canal irrigated area also have considerable size of land which is devoted under the cultivation of Aman

paddy crop and vice-versa. This fact holds good in all the four sample villages except Koma.

Table: 1 Distribution of area under Aman paddy crop according to canal irrigated area

Sattore Koma Hatora Ramkrishnapur Gopedighi

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a u

nder

Am

an p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a u

nder

Am

an p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a u

nder

Am

an p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a u

nder

Am

an p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a u

nder

Am

an p

addy (

acre

)

55.00-

61.66

2.60 60.00-73.33 3.99 <66.66 2.00 0.80-4.60 1.53 0.80-4.73 2.72

61.66-

68.32

3.44 73.33-86.66 4.80 66.66-

73.33

2.80 4.60-8.40 3.43 4.73-8.66 5.34

68.32-

75.00

2.65 86.66-100.00 2.72 >73.33 4.00 8.40-

12.00

6.00 8.66-12.66 5.80

Source: Table compiled from data obtained from field survey




Aus paddy—The study indicates that in Sattore and Koma villages the farms with larger size of canal

irrigated area have smaller size of area under Aus paddy and vice-versa whereas in other three villages like

Hatora, Ramkrishnapur and Gopedighi, the opposite pictures has been portrayed. That means the canal

irrigation provides larger benefit in these three villages than the previous two villages in respect of Aus

paddy cultivation.

Following table (Table-2) will prove it.

Table-2: Distribution of area under Aus paddy crop according to canal irrigated area


Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

Au

s p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

Au

s p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

Au

s p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

Au

s p

addy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

Au

s p

addy (

acre

)

55.00-

61.66

2.22

60.00-73.33

4.00

<66.66

1.60

0.80-

4.60

1.40

0.80-4.73

-

61.66-

68.32

3.35 73.33-86.66 3.72 66.66-

73.33

2.80 4.6-8.4 2.24 4.73-8.66 0.68

68.32-

75.00

1.96 86.66-

100.00

2.55 >73.33 3.20 8.4-12 5.30 8.66-

12.66

4.62





Sugarcane—Sugarcane crop is the annual crop which is not cultivated widely over the entire region; following

table (Table-3) further, illustrate it.

Table: 3 Distribution of area under sugarcane crop according to canal irrigated area


Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

sugar

cane

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

sugar

cane

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

sugar

cane

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

sugar

cane

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

sugar

cane

(acr

e)

55.00-

61.66

1.50 60.00-73.33 - <66.66 1.33 0.80-4.60 - 0.80-4.73 -

61.66-

68.32

2.00 73.33-86.66 - 66.66-

73.33

1.30 4.60-8.40 - 4.73-8.66 -

68.32-75 1.08 86.66-

100.00

- >73.33 2.00 8.40-

12.00

- 8.66-

12.66

-


Potato—Potato is widely cultivated in the region. The study indicates that potato is not cultivated at all in

Ramkrishnapur village. Out of four potato cultivated villages where the farms with larger canal irrigated area

have smaller spatial extent of potato cultivated area and vice-versa except in Gopedighi. This can be observed

from the following table (Table-4).




Table-4: Distribution of area under potato crop according to canal irrigated area


Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

pota

to (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

pota

to (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

pota

to (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

pota

to (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

pota

to (

acre

)

55.00-

61.66

4.40 60.00-73.33 8.08 <66.66 8.00 0.80-4.60 - 0.80-4.73 0.08

61.66-

68.32

2.80 73.33-86.66 11.20 66.66-

73.33

8.40 4.60-8.40 - 4.73-8.66 1.85

68.32-

75.00

2.40 86.66-

100.00

6.80 >73.33 6.80 8.40-12.00 - 8.66-12.66 4.80





Wheat—wheat is second category of staple food in these regions. Following table (Table -5) will show this

aspect.

Table-5: Distribution of area under wheat crop according to canal irrigated area


Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a under

wh

eat

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a under

wh

eat

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a under

wh

eat

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

wh

eat

(acr

e)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

wh

eat

(acr

e)

55.00-

61.66

2.74 60.00-73.33 1.20 <66.66 12.80 0.80-4.60 - 0.80-4.73 -

61.66-

68.32

3.21 73.33-86.66 1.60 66.66-

73.33

14.00 4.60-8.40 - 4.73-8.66 1.60

68.32-

75.00

2.90 86.66-

100.00

1.28 >73.33 22.40 8.40-12.00 - 8.66-

12.66

4.20


Mustard

Mustard crop is not cultivated in Hatora village and out of four sample villages in Koma, Ramkrishnapur and

Gopedighi villages in the farms with the large size of canal irrigated area have considerable proportion of area

cultivated under the mustard crop. Following table (Table-6) further, illustrate it.




Table: 6 Distribution of area under mustard crop according to canal irrigated area


Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a under

must

ard (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a under

must

ard (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a (%

)

Are

a under

must

ard (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

must

ard (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

must

ard (

acre

)

55.00-

61.66

5.80 60.00-73.33 1.20 <66.66 - 0.80-4.60 3.28 0.80-4.73 -

61.66-

68.32

6.58 73.33-86.66 1.50 66.66-

73.33

- 4.60-8.40 3.28 4.73-8.66 5.35

68.32-

75.00

5.60 86.66-100.00 1.28 >73.33 - 8.40-

12.00

6.80 8.66-

12.66

10.61


Boro paddy—

In the present study Boro paddy is not cultivated in Ramkrishnapur village. And out of four sample villages in

Sattore, Koma and Hatora villages in the farms with considerable spatial extent of canal irrigated area have

smaller amount of area devoted under cultivation of Boro paddy crop. Following table (Table-7) shows this fact.




Table: 7 Distribution of area under Boro paddy crop according to canal irrigated area


Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

Boro

pad

dy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

Boro

pad

dy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(%

)

Are

a under

Boro

pad

dy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

Boro

pad

dy (

acre

)

Can

al i

rrig

ated

are

a(ac

re)

Are

a under

Boro

pad

dy (

acre

)

55.00-

61.66

3.60 60.00-73.33 0.72 <66.66 1.40 0.80-4.60 - 0.80-4.73 -

61.66-

68.32

2.15 73.33-86.66 0.55 66.66-

73.33

0.68 4.60-8.40 - 4.73-8.66 1.63

68.32-

75.00

0.40 86.66-

100.00

0.52 >73.33 0.88 8.40-12.00 - 8.66-

12.66

4.10





Table-8: Percentage of area under different crops to gross cropped area in Birbhum District during the

year 2010-11

Sl.

No.

Blocks

Mu

star

d

Pota

to

Whea

t

Boro

Pad

dy

Am

an P

addy

Aus

Pad

dy

Kh

arif

Veg

etab

le

Pre

-kh

arif

Veg

etab

le

1. Suri-I 9.27 6.22 7.29 4.00 42.40 - 7.00 8.15

2. Suri-II 5.93 1.98 4.28 10.54 69.36 - 1.12 1.42

3. Sainthia 5.48 6.76 43.00 11.30 25.17 - 1.37 1.26

4. Bolpur-

Sriniketan

8.00 6.40 7.00 22.17 30.30 3.45 3.52 4.36

5. Illambazar 4.11 3.12 3.00 24.20 55.30 1.69 0.75 1.79

6. Labpur 7.57 6.74 6.04 20.77 41.85 1.40 2.09 2.74

7. Nanoor 14.60 5.27 7.46 19.47 35.29 3.57 1.27 1.26

Source: Table prepared from data obtained from report provided by office of Deputy

Director Of Agriculture (Administration), Birbhum




Table-9: Percentage of area under different crops to gross cropped area in Birbhum District during the

year 2011-12

Sl.

No.

Blocks

Mu

star

d

Pota

to

Whea

t

Boro

Pad

dy

Am

an P

addy

Aus

Pad

dy

Kh

arif

Veg

etab

le

Pre

-kh

arif

Veg

etab

le

1. Suri-I 3.80 2.28 2.25 2.05 72.11 1.37 3.95 4.67

2. Suri-II 3.00 1.77 3.45 16.63 68.56 0.92 1.21 1.53

3. Sainthia 6.08 5.25 2.35 16.66 58.76 0.39 1.65 1.64

4. Bolpur-

Sriniketan

3.59 3.89 3.59 13.29 59.68 2.40 2.14 2.65

5. Illambaza

r

3.29 2.32 2.90 17.43 65.65 1.36 1.60 1.47

6. Labpur 5.66 4.75 3.96 18.91 54.05 1.51 1.49 1.84

7. Nanoor 12.48 3.27 5.49 14.97 48.65 3.62 0.60 1.77

Source: Table prepared from data obtained from report provided by office of Deputy Director Of Agriculture

(Administration), Birbhum

Figure-2 Figure-3

Source: Map prepared from data provided by office of Deputy Director of Agriculture (Administration), Birbhum




Figure-4 Figure-5

Source: Map prepared from data provided by office of Deputy Director of Agriculture (Administration),

Birbhum

Figure-6 Figure-7

Source: Map prepared from data provided by office of Deputy Director of Agriculture (Administration), Birbhum




Figure-8 Figure-9


Birbhum

Figure-10 Figure-11


Birbhum

The above side by side figures represent difference between percentage of area under different crops cultivation

to gross cropped area in 2010-11 and the same in 2011-12.




Table-10: Correlation between percentage of canal irrigated area and cropping pattern

villages Varia

ble

‘Y’

Variable

‘X’

‘r’ Com

pute

d

‘t’

Tabulated

‘t’

Signifi

cant/

insignif

icant

Hypothesis

accepted

5% 1

%

(H0)

(H1)

Sattore PERCE

NTAG

E

UNDE

R

CANA

L

IRRIG

ATED

AREA

CROPPI

NG

PATTE

RN

-0.06

-0.43

2.01

2.6

8

Insignifi

cant

Accept

ed

Koma PERCE

NTAG

E

UNDE

R

CANA

L

IRRIG

ATED

AREA

CROPPI

NG

PATTE

RN

-0.30 -2.18 2.01 2.6

8

Insignifi

cant

Accept

ed

Hatora PERCE

NTAG

E

UNDE

R

CANA

L

IRRIG

ATED

AREA

CROPPI

NG

PATTE

RN

0.57 4.8 2.01 2.6

8

Signific

ant

Accept

ed

Ramkrish ABSO CROPPI 0.98 34.11 2.01 2.6 Signific Accept




napur LUTE

VALU

E OF

CANA

L

IRRIG

ATED

AREA

NG

PATTE

RN

8 ant ed

Gopedighi ABSO

LUTE

VALU

E OF

CANA

L

IRRIG

ATED

AREA

CROPPI

NG

PATTE

RN

0.96 23.15 2.01 2.6

8

Signific

ant

Accept

ed

Source- : Table compiled from data obtained from field survey

Plate-1

Plate-2




Plate-3

Plate-4

Plate-5

Plate-6




Plate-7

Plates 1-7 represent cultivation of different crops

Source: Obtained from field survey

CONCLUSION

From the above discussion it is surmised that canal irrigation is available mainly during Kharif season and

particularly during non kharif season. Therefore Aman and Aus paddy are largely and directly benefitted by

canal irrigation of Tilpara barrage whereas mustard, wheat, potato, sugarcane, Boro paddy and sesame crops are

cultivated during rabi and pre-kharif seasons when canal irrigation is either rarely or not at all available but the

farmers take the assistance of irrigation from tank and submersible sources and these sources are enriched by

different factors including canal during kharif rainy season.

REFERENCES

1. Agriculture Department West Bengal Govt, ―Basundhara‖ (Bengali), Mar-2007, vol-vii, pp 27-28

2. Annual Productivity Plan on agriculture, 1989-90, Birbhum, principal agricultural office, Suri, Birbhum.

3. Annual report of Irrigation and water ways department, Birbum, November, 2011, pp 2-23.

4. Bandaragoda, D.J Need for Institutional Impact Assessment for Irrigation System Modernization, IWMI

Report 21, May 1998

5. Bhatia, S.S. 1965 : Economic Geography, ―Pattern of crop concentration and diversification in India‖,

vol 41,pp 39-56.

6. Das Debashis, ―Canal and its benefits, effects on cropping pattern a case study of a village,‖ Indian

journal of landscape systems and ecological studies, volume I, December, 1984, pp 11-19.

7. District Census Hand book, Birbhum 2001.




Publish Research Article

Dear Sir/Mam,

We invite unpublished Research Paper,Summary of Research

Project,Theses,Books and Book Review for publication.

Address:- North Asian International Research Journal Consortium (NAIRJC) 221, Gangoo Pulwama - 192301 Jammu & Kashmir, India Cell: 09086405302, 09906662570, Ph No: 01933212815 Email: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Website: www.nairjc.com



North Asian International Research Journal Consortium · Welcome to NAIRJC ... Head Exam. Mat.K..M...

Documents

Transcript of North Asian International Research Journal Consortium · Welcome to NAIRJC ... Head Exam. Mat.K..M...